优点英语2022高考英语阅读提高历史与地理1CaliforniaisthemostpopulousstateintheUnitedStates,andthethirdlargestbylandarea,afterAlaskaandTexas.CaliforniaislocatedontheWestCoastoftheUnitedStates,borderedbyOregontothenorth,Nevadatothenortheast,Arizonatothesoutheast,theMexicanstateofBajaCaliforniatothesouth,andthePacificOceantothewest.ItsfourlargestcitiesareLosAngeles,SanDiego,SanJose,andSanFrancisco.Thestateishometothenation’ssecondandsixthlargestcensusstatisticalareasaswellaseightofthenation’sfiftymostpopulouscities.Californiahasavariedclimateandgeography,andadiversepopulation.California’sgeographyrangesfromthePacificcoasttotheSierraNevadamountainrangeintheeast,toMojavedesertareasinthesoutheastandtheRedwood—Douglasfirforestsofthenorthwest.ThecenterofthestateisdominatedbytheCentralValley,oneofthemostproductiveagriculturalareasintheworld.Californiaisthemostgeographicallydiversestateinthenation,andcontainsthehighest(MountWhitney)andlowest(DeathValley)pointsinthecontiguousUnitedStates.Almost40%ofCaliforniaisforested,ahighamountforarelativelyaridstate.Beginninginthelate18thcentury,theareaknownasAltaCaliforniawascolonizedbytheSpanishEmpire.In1821,Mexico,includingAltaCalifornia,becametheFirstMexicanEmpire,beginningasamonarchy,beforeshiftingtoarepublic.In1846agroupofAmericansettlersinSonomadeclaredtheindependenceofaCaliforniaRepublic.AsaresultoftheMexican-AmericanWar,MexicocededCaliforniatotheUnitedStates.Itbecamethe31ststateadmittedtotheuniononSeptember9,1850.Inthe19thcentury,theCaliforniaGoldRushbroughtaboutdramaticsocial,economic,anddemographicchangeinCalifornia,withalargeinfluxofpeopleandaneconomicboomthatcausedSanFranciscotogrowfromahamletoftentstoaworld-renownedboomtown.Keydevelopmentsintheearly20thcenturyincludedtheemergenceofLosAngelesascenteroftheAmerican
优点英语entertainmentindustry,andthegrowthofalarge,state-widetourismsector.InadditiontoCalifornia’sprosperousagriculturalindustry,otherimportantcontributorstotheeconomyincludeaerospace,petroleum,andinformationtechnology.IfCaliforniawereacountry,itwouldrankamongthetenlargesteconomiesintheworld,withaGDPsimilartothatofItaly.Itwouldbethe35thmostpopulouscountry.46.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutCalifornia?A.ThepopulationinCaliforniaislargerthanthatinanyotherstateintheUS.B.AstateofMexicoliestothesoutheastofCalifornia.C.EightbiggestcitiesinCaliforniaareamongthemostdevelopedonesinNorthAmerica.D.FewracesofpeopleliveinCaliforniaexceptthewhiteandblackpeople.47.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.California’scultureB.California’shistoryC.California’slocationD.California’sgeography48.HowdidtheUnitedStatesadmitCaliforniaasits31ststate?A.Byoccupyingtheland.B.Bycolonizingtheland.C.BywinningawaragainstMexico.D.ByofferingaidstoMexico.49.WhydidSanFranciscogrowfromahamletoftentstoaworld-famousboomtown?A.BecauseitbecamethecenteroftheAmericanentertainmentindustry.B.Becauseithadthebestgrowthofalarge,state-widetourism.C.Becausealargenumberofpeoplerushedthereinsearchofgold.D.BecauseitdevelopedmanysuchimportantcontributorstoeconomyasIT.50.WhatifCaliforniawereacountry?A.ItwouldbericherthanItaly,aEuropeancountry.
优点英语B.Itwouldbeoneofthetenrichestcountries.C.Itspopulationwouldbelargerthanthatof34countries.D.Itwouldhaveabettereconomythanithasnow.2Seventeenth-centuryhousesincolonial(殖民地的)NorthAmericaweresimplestructuresthatwereprimarilyfunctional,carryingovertraditionaldesignsthatwentbacktotheMiddleAges.Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewfashion.Aswealthincrease,moreandmorecoloniesbuiltfinehouses.Sinceartofconstructinghouseswasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefttocarpenterswhowereresponsibleforinterpretinghandbooksrelatingtothedesignofhousesimportedfromEngland.Librariesstillpreserveanastonishingnumberofthesehandbooksforbuilders,andthehousesappearedduringthefirstthree-quartersofeighteenthcenturyshowtheirinfluence.Nevertheless,mostofthemdisplayawidedifferenceoftasteandfreedomofusingtherulesinthesebooks.Increasingwealthandgrowingexperiencethroughoutthecoloniesresultedinhousesofimproveddesign,whetherthematerialwaswood,stone,orbrick.NewEnglandstillfavoredwood,thoughbrickhousesbecamecommoninBostonandothertowns,wherethedangeroffireurgedtheuseofmoredurablematerial.AfewhousesinNewEnglandwerebuiltofstone,butonlyinPennsylvaniaandneighboringareaswerestonewidelyusedinaccommodations.AnincreaseduseofbrickinhousesandoutbuildingsisnoticeableinVirginiaandMaryland,butwoodremainedthemostpopularmaterialeveninhousesbuiltbywealthylandowners.IntheCarolinas,woodenhousesweremuchmorecommonthanbrickhouses.Eighteenth-centuryhousesshowedgreatinteriorimprovementsoverwhattheywerebefore.Windowsweremadelargerandshuttersweretakenaway.Large,clearsheetofglassreplacedthesmallleadedglassoftheseventeenthcentury.Doorwayswerelargerandmoredecorative.Fireplacesbecamedecorativefeaturesofrooms.Wallsweremadeofplaster(灰泥)orwood,
优点英语sometimesweredecoratedwithsquareorrectangularwoodenboards.Whitepaintbegantotaketheplaceofblues,yellows,greensandleadcolors,whichhadbeenpopularforwallsintheearlieryears.Afterabout1730,advertisementsforwallpaperstylesinscenicpatternbegantoappearincolonialnewspapers.51.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theimprovementdesignofeighteenth-centurycolonialhouses.B.Thecomparisonofeighteenth-centuryhousesandmodernones.C.Thestructuresofeighteenth–centurycolonialhouses.D.Therolesofcarpentersinbuildingeighteenth-centuryhouses.52.Whatwasoneofthemainreasonsforthechangeineighteenth-centuryhousesinNorthAmerica?A.MoredesignersarrivedinthecoloniesinNorthAmerica.B.Thecarpentersweresmartandexperiencedenough.C.BricksweremorewidelyusedinNorthAmerica.D.Thecolonistshadmoremoneytospendonhousing.53.Accordingtothepassage,whodesignedhousesineighteenth-centuryNorthAmerica?A.Professionaldesigners.B.Houseowners.C.Businessmen.D.Carpenters.54.Wherewasstonecommonlyusedtobuildhouses?A.Virginia.B.Pennsylvania.C.Boston.D.Charleston.55.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheuseofwallpaperbefore1730?A.Wallpaperwasintroducedinhandbooksofdesigninghouses.B.Wallpaperwasthesamecoloraswhatthewallwaspainted.
优点英语C.Patternedwallpaperwasnotwidelyused.D.Wallpaperwasnotusedinstonehouses.3Watercoloristheoldestpaintknown.Itdatesbacktotheearlycavemenwhodiscoveredtheycouldaddlife-likequalitiestodrawingsofanimalsandotherfiguresonthewallsofeavesbymixingthenaturalcolorsfoundintheearthwithwater.Fresco(壁画),oneofthegreatestartforms,isdonewithWatercolor.Itiscreatedbymixingpaintsandwaterandapplyingthesetowetplaster(灰泥).OfthethousandsofpeoplewhostandunderMichelangelo’sheroicintheSistineChapel,veryfewknowtheyarelookingatperhapsthegreatestwatercolorpaintingintheworld.TheinventionofoilpaintingbytheFlemishmastersinthefifteenthcenturymadefrescopaintinggodown-hill,andforthenextseveralcenturieswatercolorwasusedmainlyfordoingsketches(素描)orasatoolforstudy.ItwasnotuntiltheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesthatEnglishpaintersputbackwatercolorasaseriousartform.TheEnglishhaveawidely-knownlovefortheoutdoorsandalsoforsmall,privatepicture.Thesoftnessofwatercolorhadaremarkablystrongattractionforthem.Thepopularityofwatercolorcontinuedtogrowuntilinthetwentiethcentury.TheUnitedStatespassedEnglandasthecenterforwatercolor,producingsuchwell-knownwater-colorartistsasThomasEakingsandAndrewWyeth.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thegradualweaknessoffrescopainting.B.Oilshavingmorepowerofinfluenceoverwatercolor.
优点英语C.TherediscoveryofwatercolorinEngland.D.Thestartanddevelopmentofwatercolor.2.Thefirstwatercolorartistswere________A.earlycavemenB.ItalianfrescoartistsC.Flemishmasters,D.Englishartistsofthe18thcentury3.Inthe16thandl7thcenturytheartiststhought________.A.watercolorwasmorecostly,butwasbetterB.oilpaintinglastedlesslong,butclearerandbrighterC.watercolorwasnotsuitableforfinishedworksD.oilpaintingwasdifficulttouse4.Accordingtothepassage,watercolorpaintingwaspetbackinEnglandbecause________.A.itwaseasytouseoutdoorsB.itwasastrongmedium.C.itwasextremelybrightincolorD.itwaswellsuitedtopopulartastes4ThetwoGreekwords---”philo”,whichmeansloveand“sophia”,whichmeanswisdomisthebeginningofthewordweusetoday,philosophy,theloveofwisdom.Mostpeoplehaveaphilosophyonlife.Everybodyhasanideaofwhatisrightandwhatiswrong.Somepeoplehavetheirownphilosophyonlifewhichmightbeamixtureoftheories.Othersarephilosopherswhowanttoknowthetruthaboutlifeforthemselvesandspendtheirtimestudying,thinkingandaskingquestions.OneoftheearliestEasternphilosophieswasTaoism(道教),whichcamefromChina.Weareallawareoftheyinandyanghalvesoftheuniverse---nothingcanexistwithoutitsopposite.AnothergreateasternphilosophyisBuddhism(佛教),whichisareligionandalsoasystemofbeliefswhichhelpustounderstandourselvesandothersbetter.Onebranchofwesternphilosophy,Existentialism(存在主义),isverysimilartoBuddhistideas.Bothaskquestionsaboutwhatreallyexistsinlife,and
优点英语helpustodecidewhatisimportant.ThefirstwesternphilosopherslivedinGreece.TheyencouragedpeopletofindtheirownanswerstoquestionsaboutlifeinsteadofbelievingtheGodsdideverything.Socrateswasthemostfamousofthese.Heisoneofthemostfamousphilosophersintheworld,yethesaid,“onethingIknowandthatisthatIknownothing.”Thisiswhyheneverwroteorlectured.Heonlydiscussed.Philosophycanalsocauseproblemandconflictwhenpeopledon’tagree.Whenonegroupofpeoplechoosesonephilosophytobelieveandanothergroupofpeoplechoosesadifferentphilosophy,whentheyneedtothinkormakeadecisiontogether,theystarttryingtochangeeachotherinsteadofworkingtogetheronbiggerideasaboutlife.1.Philosophersarethosewho_______A.devotetofindingthetruthaboutlifeforthemselvesB.havetheirownphilosophyonlifewhichmightbeamixtureoftheoriesC.havetheloveofwisdomD.haveanideaofwhatisrightandwhatiswrong2.WhydidSocratessay,“onethingIknowandthatisthatIknownothing”?A.Becausehereallydidn’tknowanything.B.Becausehedidn’twanttoteach,heencouragedpeopletothinkforthemselves.C.Becausehedidn’twanttohelpothers.D.Becausehewantedpeopletothinkhedidn’tknowanything.3.Philosophycancauseconflictwhen_______.A.weworktogetherB.wemakedecisionstogetherC.wetrytochangeeachotherD.wehavebiggerideas4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?
优点英语A.Buddhismhastheideathatnothingcanexistwithoutitsopposite.B.TaoismhasideassimilartoExistentialism.C.Philosophycanbereligiousorpolitical.D.ThefirstwesternphilosopherscamefromFrance.5Schoolsexpecttextbookstobeavaluablesourceofinformationforstudents.Myresearchsuggests,however,thattextbooksthataddresstheplaceofNativeAmericanswithinthehistoryoftheUnitedStatesdistorthistorytosuitaparticularculturalvaluesystem.Insometextbooks,forexample,settlersarepicturedasmorehumane,complex,skillful,andwisethanNativeAmerican.Inessence,textbooksstereotypeanddeprecate(反对)thenumerousNativeAmericancultureswhilereinforcingtheattitudethattheEuropeanconquestoftheNewWorlddenotesthesuperiorityofEuropeancultures.AlthoughtextbooksevaluateNativeAmericanarchitecture,politicalsystems,andhome-making,Icontendthattheydoitfromanethnocentric(民族优越感的)Europeanperspectivewithoutrecognizingthatotherperspectivesarepossible.Oneargumentagainstmycontentionassertsthat,bynature,textbooksareculturallybiasedandthatIamsimplyunderestimatingchildren’sabilitytoseethroughthesebiases.Someresearchersevenclaimthatbythetimestudentsareinhighschool,theyknowtheycannottaketextbooksliterally.Yetsubstantialevidenceexiststothecontrary.Tworesearchers,forexample,haveconductedstudiesthatsuggestthatchildren’sattitudeaboutparticularculturesarestronglyinfluencedbythetextbooksusedinschools.Giventhis,anongoingcarefulreviewofhowschooltextbooksdepictNativeAmericansiscertainlywarranted.1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________A.describeindetailoneresearchstudyregardingtheimpactofhistorytextbookonchildren’sattitudesandbeliefsaboutcertaincultureB.discussthedifficultyofpresentinganaccuratehistoryoftheUnitedStatesC.describerevisionsthatshouldbemadetoUnitedStateshistorytextbooks
优点英语D.arguethattextbooksusedinschoolstereotypeNativeAmericanandinfluencechildren’sattitudes2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardcontentofthehistorytextbooksdiscussedinthepassageisbestdescribedasoneof________A.indifferenceB.disapprovalC.neutralityD.amusement3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatsomeresearchersmentionedinthesecondsentenceofparagraph2wouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?A.Textbooksplayacrucialroleinshapingtheattitudesandbeliefsofstudents.B.Forthemostpart,seniorsinhighschoolknowthattextbookscanbebiased.C.Elementaryschoolstudentsareaslikelytorecognizebiasesintextbooksasarehighschoolstudents.D.Studentsformattitudesaboutculturesotherthantheirownprimarilyinsidetheschoolenvironment.4.Theauthormentionstworesearchers’studies(Para.2)mostlikelyinorderto_______A.suggestthatyoungerchildrentendtointerpretthemessagesintextbooksmoreliterallythandoolderchildrenB.countertheclaimthatchildrenareabletoseethroughstereo-typesintextbooksC.suggestthatchildren’spoliticalattitudesareformedprimarilythroughtextbooksD.demonstratethattextbookscarrypoliticalmessagesmeanttoinfluencetheirreaders5.Whichofthefollowingwilloccuriftextbooksarenotcarefullyreviewed?A.Childrenwilllosetheirabilitytorecognizebiasesintextbooks.B.Childrenwillstoptakingtextbooksseriously.C.ChildrenwillformnegativestereotypesofNativeAmericans.
优点英语D.ChildrenwillremainignorantoftheEuropeansettler’sconquestoftheNewWorld.6TheideaaboutthephoenixgoesbacktoAncientEgypt,wherewefindthephoenixdescribedasahandsome,eagle-likebird,withpart-golden,part-redplumage,thatspentmostofitslifeintheArabiandeserts.Itwasrarelyseenandaccordingtooneversionofthestory,onlyappearedinEgyptonceeveryfivehundredyears,whenitflewtoHeliopolis,“cityofthesun”,anddeliberatelyburntitselftoashesbysettlingonthealtar(祭坛)flamethere!However,itseemsitdidnotreallydiebecausefromthosesameashesayoung,fullyformedphoenixwasbornandflewaway,apparentlybacktoArabia.Itisprettyobviousthatnoonehaseverseenorwillseealivingphoenix.TheinterestingthingisthatwecanfindcertainclueswhichmayexplainoneaspectoftheEgyptians’idea.Itmaysoundunbelievable,butsomebirdsareapparentlyquitecharmedbyflamesandsmallfires,especiallymembersofthecrowfamily.Onezoologistactuallyprovedthisbysettingfiretosomestrawneartoatame（驯养的）rook.Farfrombecomingnervousandbackingaway,thebirddeliberatelystoodovertheflames,withraisedandvibratingwings.Itdidn’tgetburnt,buttheimageitpresentedbyitsstrangebehaviorwasalmostexactlylikethatshowninillustrationsofthemythicalphoenix!Whybirdsshouldoccasionallybehaveinthisstrangewayisnotclear.Oneideaisthattheycarefullyusetheheatoftheflamestorelievetheannoyancecausedbytheirfeathermites(虱)whichallbirdshave.Whateverthereason,itisquitepossiblethattheAncientEgyptianssawbirdsbehavinginthisway,fromtimetotime,anduseditasthebasisoftheirphoenixmyth,addingfancifuldetailswhichcloselylinkedittotheirworshipofthesunandtheirbeliefinresurrection.Nowadays,thephoenixismuchlessimportanttousthanitwastotheEgyptians.Butthelogoofmodernfireinsurancecompanies,whichemploythephoenixasoneoftheirsymbols,refersthatinonesensetheideaofitremains.41.Accordingtothepassage,thephoenix______________.A.isahandsomeandeagle-likebirdlivinginArab
优点英语B.usedtobeseenwhentheEgyptiansheldreligiousactivitiesC.hasneverreallyexistedintheworldD.isthekingofallkindsofbirds42.Thereasonwhybirdsstandaboveflamesisprobablythat_____________.A.thephoenixusedtodosoB.theymaygetridofthemitesC.theywanttoburntheirfeatherD.theycanheatthemselves43.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTcorrect?A.TheancientEgyptiansworshipedthephoenix.B.Thescientistshavediscoveredwhybirdsareattractedbyfire.C.Themodernpeoplestillfavortheideaofthephoenix.D.Themythicaltalesaboutthephoenixwerebasedonfacts.44.Whichofthefollowingisclosestto“resurrection”inthe3rdparagraph?A.livingforeverB.offeringwarmthC.comingbacktolifeD.stayinghealthy45.Whatdoesthephoenixprobablymeaninthelogoofafireinsurancecompany?A.Ourcompanycanprotectyoufrombeingharmedbyfire.B.Ifyourpropertyisdestroyedbyfire,wewillhelpyoubuilditupagain.C.Ourcompanywillalwaysbeenergeticandwealthy.D.Ifneeded,wewillsaveyouattheriskoflosinglives.
优点英语答案：1：46～50ADCCB2.51~55ADDBC3.DACD4.ABCC5.DBBBC6.41~45CBBCB
