优点英语2022高考英语阅读提高科学科技专题1WASHINGTON–It’sagreatachievementthatinspiresnotionsofrobotswithconsciousnessandindependentminds.Whenpeopleoranimalsgethurt,theycanusuallycompensateforminorinjuriesandkeeplimpingalong,butforrobots,evenslightdamagecanmakethemstumbleandfall.However,arecentlymaderobothasdemonstratedanovelability:itcanhealitsowndamage.Thenewrobot,whichlookslikeasplay–legged,four–footedstarfishcansenseinjurytoitselfandadapt.Thatabilitysetsthenewrobotapartfromearliermachines.Becausetherobotcanrecoverfromunfamiliarplaces.“Thereisaneedforplanetaryroboticroverstobeabletofixthingsontheirown,”saysJoshBongard,aprofessorintheUniversityofVermont,whoisoneofthedevice’screator.“RobotsonotherplanetsmustbeabletocontinuetheirmissionwithouthumanhelpiftheyaredamagedandcannotcommunicatetheirproblembacktoEarth.”Atypicalrobotfunctionsaccordingtoacomputerprogram,butthenewrobotworksdifferently.First,sensorsinitsfourlegsobservetherobot’smovementsandsignalstoitsbuilt–incomputer.Fromtheformationitcollects,therobotcreatesitsownprogramsthatallowittoadapttodifferentsituations.Forexample,whentheresearchersshortenedoneoftherobot’slegs,thesmartmachinesimplyadjusteditswayofwalking–itusedthreelegsinsteadoffour.Theresearchersarelookingforotherplacestoputtheresilientrobottowork.Onepelliclespotistheoceanfloor.ThatdarkanddangerousunderseaterrainmightbeagoodchoiceforarobotthescientistscalltheStarfish.“Weneverofficiallynamedtherobot,butweusuallyrefertoitastheStarfish,eventhougharealstarfishhasfiveratherthanfourlegs,”saysBongard.“Also,arealstarfishismuchbetterthanourrobotatrecoveringfrominjury,becauseitcanactuallygrowitslegsagain.”Scientistshavecreatedrobotsthathelphumansinmanyways:byexploringspace,fightingfires,andevenperformingsurgery.
优点英语46．Thenewlydesignedrobotdistinguishesitselffromtheformeronesbecauseit.A．cancommunicatewithpeopleontheearthabouttheirproblemsB．worksaccordingtoacertaincomputerprogramC．canfinditsproblemsandsolvethemautomaticallyD．canexploreunfamiliarplaces47．Anexampleisgiveninthefourthparagraphinordertoexplainthattherobot.A．isusedtocreatenewprogramsB．hastypicalrobotfunctionsC．hassensorstoobserveitsmovementsD．cangatherinformationandadapttonewconditions48．Theunderlinedword“resilient”inthelastparagraphmeanstherobotis.A．creativeB．newlymadeC．abletorecoverD．informative49．WhichofthefollowingisTUREabouttherobot“Starfish”?A．Itwasspokenhighlyofbypeopleforitsspecialability?B．Itwillstumbleandfallifdamaged.C．Itcangrowitslegsagainoncetheyarebroken.D．Ithasstartedtoworkontheoceanfloor.50．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．HowdoestheStarfishRobotworkB．Do–It–YourselfRobotRepairC．RobotsDesignedtoWorkOnOtherPlanetsD．NewRobotHelpingUsInManyWays
优点英语2Two-legged,humanoid(类人的)robotssuchasHondaMotorCo.Ltd’sASIMOwouldlikelyhaveaneasiertimeclimbingupstairsinsidehomesthanarobotthatmovesonwheels,developerssay.Butitwillbesometimebeforesuchdevicesmaketheirwayintopeople’shomes.“Theymaylooksmart,buttheyarestillquitestupid,”Shimoyamasaid.“Idon’tthinktheywilleverbeassmartashumans.”Whilesafetyisanobviousconcern,robotsalsoneedtobesensitivetopeople’sneeds.ResearchersatFujitsuFrontechLtdandFujitsuLaboratoriesresponsiblefordeveloping“Enon”,aguideandpatrol(巡逻)robotdesignedforuseinshoppingmallsandcorporatefacilities(公共场所),areworkingonthis.Enon,whichhasahumanoidupperbodybutnolegs,isequippedwithatouchscreenonitschestandspaceinitsbellytocarryloadsweightingupto10kg.Inguidemode,itwilldetectanewcomerandapproachthepersonwithanodandagreeting:“Areyouavisitor?Hello.”Visitorsrequiringdirectionscanpointtoicons(图标)displayedonEnon’schestscreen.Iftherestroomiconispressed,thescreenwilldisplayamapthatshowstheway.Therobotwillthenfaceandpointinthedirectionoftherestroom,althoughitwon’tactuallywalkthevisitorthere.EnonisnowinuseatfourlocationsinJapan,includingashoppingmallnearTokyo.Themaingoalistomakeitmorehelpfulfortheelderly.“Peoplewhoworkinthetransportationsectoroftenaskwhetherwecanbuildarobotthatwillfindelderlypeoplewholooklostintrainstations,andaskthemiftheyareallright,”saidToshihidoMarita,directorofFujitsuLaboratoriesLtd’sautonomoussystemlaboratory.“Actuallythatishardtodo,veryhard,”hesaid.
优点英语41.TheadvantageofHondaMotorCo.Ltd’sASIMOisthat_________.A.itcandoanyhouseworkforusB.itcantalkwithpatientsoroldpeopleC.itcanclimbupstairsashumansD.itcanwalksmoothlywithitswheels42.AccordingtoShimoyama,robots_________.A.canbemadetodoeverythinghumansdoB.willbemadeassmartashumansinthefutureC.willremainasstupidasbeforeD.cannevercompetewithhumansinintelligence43.Mostimportantofall,arobotshouldbemade_________atpresent.A.safeandelegantB.safeandfunctionalC.elegantandcheapD.sensitiveandcheap44.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabout“Enon”isNOTtrue?A.Itcanbeusedasaguideinhospitals.B.Itcanhelpshopperscarrygoodsselected.C.Itcanbeusedtowelcomeguestsinrestaurants.D.Itcanbeusedtostopthievesinmalls.45.Enonismainlydesignedtohelp_________.A.oldpeopleB.mallownersC.touristsornewcomersD.shoppers3Youngpeopleneedtounderstandhowoursocietydependsuponscientificandtechnologicaladvancementandtorealizethatscienceisabasicpartofmodernliving.Thescientificprocessandtheknowledgeproducedcannotbeconsideredtobeendsinthemselves,exceptfortheclassicalscientist.Astudentshouldunderstandtherelationofbasicresearchtoappliedresearch,andtheconnectionbetweentechnologicaldevelopmentsandhumanaffairs.Moreoftechnologythan
优点英语sciencewillbeinvolvedinsocialdecisions,butbothareimportantinpublicpolicy.Theknowledgeandmethodsofscienceareoflittleimportanceifthereisnoinclinationtousethemproperly.Anopenmind,adesireforaccurateknowledge,confidenceintheproceduresforseekingknowledge,andtheexpectationthatthesolutionofproblemswillcomefromtheuseoftestedandprovenknowledge---theseareamongthe“scientificattitudes”.Scienceinstructionshouldacquaintstudentswithcareerpossibilitiesintechnicalfieldsandinscienceteaching.Acontinuouseffortshouldbemadetoidentifyandencouragethosewhodevelopspecialinterests.Theyshouldbegivenopportunitiesforsomedirectexperienceofaprofessionalnature;theyshouldalsolearnabouttheextentofthevarioussciencefieldsandhowthesefieldsarerelatedtoeachother.Butitisevenmoreimportantforyoungpeopletoacquirethoseskillsandabilitiesthatwillenablethemtotaketheresponsibilitiesforexpandingtheirownlearning.1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theyoungpeoplemust_________.A.devotethemselvesforscienceB.devotethemselvesforthesocialismC.understandandrealizethatscienceisabasicpartofmodernlivingD.bewell-educatedandtogetmoreknowledgeforourconstruction2.Theword“ends”(Para.1)mostprobablymeans_________.A.purposesB.resultsC.advancesD.conclusions3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Bothtechnologyandscienceareimportantinsocialdecisions.B.Technologyismoreimportantthanscienceinsocialdecisions.C.Scienceismoreimportantthantechnologyinsocialdecisions.D.Theknowledgeandmethodofsciencearemoreimportantthanthoseoftechnology.4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafactorof“scientificattitudes”?A.Anopenmind.B.Accurateknowledge.C.Confidenceintheprocessforseekingknowledge.D.Theexpectationthatthesolutionofproblemswillcomefrom.5.Accordingtothepassage,itismoreimportantforyoungpeopleto______.A.developspecialinterestsintechnicalfields
优点英语B.getmoreopportunitiesforbroadeningtheirknowledgeC.taketheresponsibilitiesforbroadeningtheirknowledgeD.acquiretheskillsandabilitiesforbroadeningtheirknowledge4Itisnotalwayseasytounderstandinventionsandnewdevelopmentsinscience.Tounderstandfiberoptics(光纤),however,youcantryanexperiment.Putadroportwoofmilkintoaglassofwater.Turnoffthelights.Shinethelightfromyourflashlightthroughthetopoftheglassatanangleofabout45degrees.Putapieceofwhitepaperagainsttheglasswhenthebeamoflightisshining.Movethepapersoyoucanseewherethebeamiscomingoutoftheglass.Youshouldseeaspotoflight.Someofthelighthaspassedthroughthewaterandthroughtheglass.Youseeitonthepaper.Youalsoseeanotherbeamgoingdownintotheglass.Itisbeingreflecteddownintotheglass.Nextmovetheflashlightsothatthebeamiscomingstraighterdown(30degrees)intothewater.Youwillseethesamephenomenon:someofthelightisreflectedbackintotheglass.Andsomeescapesout.Nowmovethebeamoffightfromtheflashlightslowlyupuntilyoucannotseeanylightescaping.Thispointscalledthe“pointoftotalinternalreflection”.Theword“internal”means“inside”.Allthelightisstayinginsidetheglass.Thereisnobeamshowingabrightspotonthewhitepaper.Allthelightenergyisinsidetheglass.Theglassofmilkywaterislikeastrand(线)ofglass.Afiberoptictubeisabundleoflongthinstrandsofglass,reallymanytubes.However,theprincipleisthesame:atacertainangle,allthelightenergythatgoesintotheglassfibercomesoutoftheotherend.Lightisenergy.Soundisenergy.Radiowavesandelectricityarebothenergy.Theycanallbechangedintolight,andaslighttheycanalltravelalongaglassfiber.Lighttravelsatthespeedof~86,000milespersecond.Therefore,amessagecantravelthatfastinaglassfiber.Thisistheprinciple,orlawofnature,thatmakesfiberopticswork.1.Whichpictureshovesthelaststepoftheexperiment?
优点英语2.Thepurposeoftheexperimentistotellus________A.howfastlighttravelsB.howfiberopticsworksC.howlighttravelsinaglassofwaterD.howfiberopticshelpsmankind3.Intheexperiment,_________makesthebiggestdifference.A.theangelatwhichtoshinethelightfromtheflashlightB.theamountofwaterintheglassofmilkywaterC.thenumberofdropsofmilktobepouredintotheglassofwaterD.thesizeoftheholethroughwhichtoshinethelightfromtheflashlight5Discoveredamereonehundredfiftyyearsagoandmanufacturedcommerciallyjusthalfthatlong,aluminum(铝)todayranksbehindonlyironandsteelamongmetalsservingmankind.Thekeytoitspopularityisitsincredibleversatility(多用途).Thesamemetalthatmakeskitchenfoilservesasarmorforbattlefieldtanks.Thematerialforlawnchairsandbaseballbatsalsoformsthevitalpartsofairandspacevehicles--mostoftheirskeletons(框架),theirskins,andeventherivetsthatbindthemtogether.Behindaluminum’sversatilityliepropertiessodiversethattheyalmostseemtobelongtoseveraldifferentmetals.Forexample,initspureform,aluminumissoftenoughtowhittle(削整),yetitsalloyscanpossessthestrengthofsteelwithonlyathirdofitsweight.Thus,whenAlexanderCalderdesignedoneofhislastmobilesasoaringcreationeightyfeetlong--hischoiceofaluminumoversteelcuttwotonsfromitsweight.Aluminumalsoassuresthemasterpiecevirtualimmortality(不朽).Theinstantthemetalisexposedtoair,itssurfaceacquiresatransparentfilmthatsealstheinterioragainstfurthercorrosion(腐蚀).1.Accordingtothepassage,theuseofaluminumis_________A.greaterthanthatofanyothermetalB.equaltothatofironlessthanthatofsteelC.lessthanthatofsteelD.tobeignored2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataluminumhasbeenmarketedforthetimeof_______years.
优点英语A.40B.75C.80D.l503.Themostimportantfeatureofaluminumisthatit_________A.canbeusedformanydifferentthingsB.issoftenoughtowhittleC.isstrongD.canbemarketedinpureform4.Itcanbeinferredthatasteelobjectweighingthreetonswouldweigh________tonsifitweremadeofaluminum.A.oneB.threeC.sixD.nine5.Thepassagesuggeststhatthingsmadeofaluminum_________A.areusuallysealedwithplasticfilmB.arenotverypopularasartobjectsC.willlastalongtimeD.shouldnotbeexposedtoairforalongperiodoftime6AdamSmithwasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionoflaborandtoexplainpartofitsadvantages.HegivesasanexampletheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland.“Onemandrawsthewire,anotherstrengthensit,athirdcutsit,afourthpointsit,afifthgrinds(磨)itatthetoptoprepareittoreceivethehead.Tomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreedistinctoperations.Toputitonisaseparateoperation,topolish(擦亮)thepinsisanother.Itisevenatradebyitselftoputthemintothepaper.Andtheimportantbusinessofmakingpins,inthismanner,dividedintoabouteighteendistinctoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersarethesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.”Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pinsapiece(就每个而言).Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,theycertainlycouldnoteachofthemhavemadetwentypinsinadayandperhapsnotevenone.Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflabor,providedthatitisnottakentoofar,isanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentandthatitaccountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew,itonlyenablepeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.
优点英语1.Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto____.A.takeadvantageofthedivisionoflaborB.introducethedivisionoflaborintoEnglandC.understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflaborD.explainthecausesofthedivisionoflabor2.AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor____.A.enabledeachworkertomakepinsmorequicklyandmorecheaplyB.increasedthepossibleoutputperworkerC.increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactoriesD.improvedthequalityofpinsproduced3.AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto____.A.showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflaborB.showtheadvantagesoftheoldcraftsystemC.emphasizehowpowerfultheindividualworkerswereD.emphasizetheimportanceoftheincreasedproduction4.Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith’smistakewasbelievingthatdivisionoflabor____.A.wasanefficientwasoforganizingworkB.wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproductionC.inevitablyledtoeconomicdevelopmentD.increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods5.“Providedthatitisnottakentoofar”(the1stsentenceofthelastparagraph)means____.A.ifworkisdownnearthefactoryB.ifthefactoryisnottoobigC.ifitisnotledtooextremityD.ifworkersdon’thavetogoalongway
优点英语答案:1篇：46—50：CDCAB2篇：41-45CDBDA3篇：CABBD4篇：DBA5篇：CBAAC6篇：CAACC
