优点英语2022高考英语阅读提高外国文化21Folkloreisthebranchofthestudyofmanwhichdealswithlocalcustoms,talesandtraditions.Everybodyisastorehouseoffolklore,thoughnoteverybodyrealizesit.Often,indeed,thosewhohaveneverheardthewordfolklorehavethegreateststoreofit,forthepeoplewithleastbookeducationcommonlycherishmostfirmlyoldideasandsuperstitions(迷信)whichhavebeenpassedonbywordofmouthforgenerations.Everyonehasheardstoriesofghosts,witches,fairies,andgiants.Weallknowsomeproverbsandhavecomeacrosssuchideasas,forexample,thatitisluckytoseeblackcatandunluckytoseeasinglemagpie(喜鹊).Wekeepcertainseasonsoftheyearasfestivals,suchasChristmas,andwearefamiliarwiththespecialcustomsconnectedwithweddingsandfunerals.Allsuchthingsareofinteresttothosewhostudyfolklore.Peoplewhostudyfolklorewon’tcriticizetheoldbeliefsandpracticestheycomeacrossassilly,childish,orold-fashioned.Instead,theywilltrytocollectaccuraterecordsofthemandthenseehowtheseareconnectedwithotherideasandcustomsofotherplacesortimes.Bycomparingwithwhatisknownofoldentimesorthefolkloreofothercountries,theytrytodiscoverhowcertainbeliefsandpracticescameintobeing,andwhatpurposetheyservenoworusedtoserveinthepast.Oftenwefindthatthebeliefswhichseemmostpeculiarandunreasonable,andthecustomswhichappearleastpractical,areofthegreatestinterestandimportancebecausetheyarecommonlytheoldest.Sometimestheywerepartofanancientritual(惯例)orservedausefulpurposewhenpeople’swayoflifewasdifferentfromwhatitisnow.Sowenotonlylearnaboutwhatpeoplethoughtanddidinthepastbutarebetterabletounderstandpresentcustoms.Peopleoftenkeepupcustomswhentheyhaveforgottentheoriginalreasonforthem,andinthecourseoftimeafreshreasongetsattachedtothecustom.Thus,whensomejokertiesanoldshoetothebackofthetaxitakingthebrideandbridegroomtothestationfortheirhoneymoon,hewouldsayitwas“forluck”,butactuallyashoeisanoldfertility(繁殖力)symbolandhasaplaceinthe
优点英语weddingcustomsofChinaandPalestine.51.Accordingtothetext,peopleusuallypassonoldideasandsuperstitionsby_________.A.puttingtheminalargestorehouseB.writingthemdowninbooksC.celebratingthemasfestivalsD.mouthfromonegenerationtoanother52.Theunderlinedword“they”(inPara.2)mostprobablyrefersto_________.A.practicesandbeliefsB.customsandtraditionsC.recordsandtalesD.placesortimes53.Itismostunlikelyforpeoplewhostudyfolkloreto_________.A.collectasmanyrecordsofoldbeliefsandpracticesaspossibleB.comparethepresentcustomswiththoseoftheoldentimesC.criticizetheoldbeliefsandsuperstitionsassillyorchildishD.findoutthepurposethecertainbeliefsandpracticesserveorusedtoserve54.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutcustoms?A.Thecustomswhichdonotappearpracticalmeannothingtomostpeople.B.Thereasonsforcertaincustomsmaychangeinthecourseofhistory.C.Peoplewhopracticecustomsarequitefamiliarwiththeirorigins.D.TheweddingcustomsinChinaandPalestineareofgreatsimilarity.55.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhatDoesFolkloreReallyMean?B.HowDoPeopleKeepUpCustoms?C.WhoStudiesTalesAndTraditions?D.WhenDidSomeOldBeliefsBegin?
优点英语2Scholarsandresearchershavetriedtodiscoverwhatpersonality（个性）characteristics（特征）goalongwithsuccessininterculturalexperiences.Theirfindingshaveoftenbeenunclearorincomplete.Butthreecharacteristicsstandoutintheirreports:patience,asenseofhumor,andtheawarenessofbeingunclear.Patience,ofcourse,istheabilitytokeepcalmevenwhenthingsdonotgoasonewantsthemto,orhopestheywill,orhasevenbeensuretheywill.Impatiencesometimesbringsimprovementsinrelationswithotherpeople,butusuallyitdoesnot.Apersonwithasenseofhumorislesslikelytotakethingstooseriouslyandmorereadytoseethehumorinherownreactionsthanisahumorlessperson.Thevalueofasenseofhumorreallyneedstobepaidmoreattentionto.“Theawarenessofbeingunclear”isamoredifficultconceptthanpatienceorasenseofhumor.Foreignersoftenfindthemselvesinsituationsthatareuncleartothenewcomers.Thatis,theydonotknowwhatishappeninginthesituation.Perhapstheydonotunderstandthelocallanguagewellenough,ortheydonotknowhowsomesystemororganizationworks,ortheycan’tbesureofdifferentpeople’srolesinwhatisgoingon.“It’slikeIjustgotherefromthemoon,”aChinesegraduatestudentwhonewlyarrivedintheUnitedStatessaid,“thingsarejustsodifferenthere.”46．Thepassagemainlytellsus_________.A．thatit’snoteasytotravelabroadB．thathumorisveryimportantincommunicationC．ofsomecharacteristicsindealingwithforeignersD．ofthreemainwaysusefulforcommunicatingwithforeigners47．Accordingtothepassage,whatcharacteristicshouldbemostfocusedon?
优点英语A．PatienceB．TheawarenessofbeingunclearC．ThesenseofhumorD．Understandingeachother.48．“Theawarenessofbeingunclear”refersto__________.A．knowingthemeaningofanexactsituationB．notstatingclearlywhathappensC．realizingthepossiblemisunderstandinginasituationD．beingawareoftheunclearsituation49．Accordingtothewriter,theChinesestudentsis.A．ahard-workingstudentB．recentlybackfromthemoonC．interestedinthestudyofmoonD．notusedtothecultureinAmerica50．Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?A．Itisnecessarytolearnthelanguagebeforeyougotothecountry.B．Americansareusedtothecultureofothercountries.C．Oneneedsmanycharacteristicstoliveinanothercountry.D．Toliveinaforeignlandoneshouldgetfullyprepared.3It’shardlysurprisingthatweatherisafavoritetopicforsomanypeoplearoundtheworld---itaffectswherewechoosetolive,whatwewear,ourmoods,andperhapsevenournationalcharacteristics．Studieshaveshownthatchangeableweathercanmakeitdifficulttoconcentrate,cloudyskiesslowdownreaction,andhighhumiditywithhot,drywindsmakesmanypeoplebad-tempered．IfyouliveinaplacelikeBritain,wheretheweatherseemstochangedailyifnothourly,youcouldbeforgivenforthinkingthattheweatherisrandom．Infact,theweatheriscontrolledby
优点英语systemswhichmovearoundareasoftheglobe．IntheUKtheweatherdependsondepressions,oftencalledlows,andanticyclones,alsoknownashighs．ThesesystemsstartintheAtlanticOcean,andmaketheirwayacrosstheBritishIslesfromthewesttotheeast．Highsbringsunnyweather,whilelowsbringrainandwind．Inmoderntimes,humanactivitiesseemtobealteringweatherpatterns．GasesproducedbyheavyindustrychangethetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurface,andaffectcloudformation．SomeresearcherssaythatfactoriesinEuropeandNorthAmericamayhavebeenoneofthecausesofthedroughtsinAfricainthe1980s．Thehumanracehasalwaystriedtoguesstheweather,especiallyinareasoftheworldwheretherearefrequentchanges．Traditionalrhymespointtoearlyattemptstoidentifyweatherpatterns,popularpoemsinclude:Redskyatnight,shepherds’delight;redskyinthemorning,shepherds’warning．Flieswillswarmbeforeastorm．Rainbefore7,clearby11．Whilefolkwisdomcanstillprovideaguidetohelpforecastweather,today’smethodsofpredictionincreasinglyrelyontechnology．Satellites,balloons,ships,aircraftsandweathercenterswithsensitivemonitoringequipment,senddatatocomputers．Thedataisthenprocessed,andtheweatherispredicted．However,eventhissystemcannotpredictweatherforlongerthanaboutaweek．51．Whenweatherkeepschanging,______________________．A．peoplebecomebad-temperedB．people’sreactionslowsdownC．peoplefindithardtofocusontheirworkD．peoplebecomehungrier52．Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthesecondparagraph?A．Changesinweather．B．WeatherinBritain．C．Africandroughts．D．Researchonweather．53．TheweatherinBritainis____________________________．
优点英语A．randomB．moistC．depressingD．satisfying54．Accordingtoatraditionalrhyme,ifthereisaredskyatnight,thenextdaywillbe_______．A．windyB．rainyC．fineD．snowy55．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．Anticyclonesoftenbringrainandwind．B．Weatherforecastinghasbeendoneforalongtime．C．Weathercouldneverbepredicted．D．Modernmethodsofweatherpredictionaredevelopedfromfolkwisdom．4YOURmommightcookabowlofnoodleforyouonbirthday.ButintheUS,amommakesacupcakeforherchildrenontheirbirthday.Cupcakesaresmall,roundcakestoppedwithfrosting.ithasbeenanAmericantraditionthatmomsbringcupcakestothecelebratetheirchild’sbirthday.Butrecentlysomedoctorshavecalledforthistobebanned.Theybelievecupcakescontributetochildobesity.Despitetheirgoodintentions,however,somepeoplebelievethatexpertsareinterferingwithAmericanculture.ThecupcakesisseenasAmericanasapplepieonlyprettier.Accordingtomarionnestle,aprofessorofnutritionatNewYorkuniversity,thecupcakesisthemostdemocraticofdesserts.Astheyaresmallenoughforoneperson,youdon’thavegoshareyourcupcakewithanyone–it’sallyours.Theyarealsoallthesamesize,sotherecan’tbeanycriesof“shegotthebiggerpiece!”Eachbitecantastedifferentdependingonhowmuchicingyouhave.Itisalessoninselfdetermination.Somepeopleeatonlyalittleofthefrostingeverytime,otherhaveitallinjustone
优点英语bite.Inrecentyears,eatingacupcakehasbecomeastrendyashavingacupofStarbuckscoffee.DemocraticpresidentialcandidateHillaryClintonjokinglypromisedonatalkshowthatifshewaselectedpresident,ahewouldgiveeveryoneacupcakeonherbirthday.RuthReichl,editor---in----chiefofgourmetmagazine,explainsthattheriseofthecupcakeisverymuchaboutgoingbucktoAmericannationalidentityinfood,whichisallaboutcomfort.“peoplewanttoaboutwhentheyandtheircountrywereinnocent,”shesaid.51.Accordingtothepassage,ithasbeenanAmericantraditionthat_______.A.apartyforchildrenisheldontheirbirthdayB.AmomcooksabowlofnoodlesforherchildrenontheirbirthdayC.AmommakesacupcakeforherchildrenontheirbirthdayandbringsittotheclassroomD.parentsgotravelingwiththeirchildrenontheirbirthday52.Whydodoctorsaskpeopletobancupcakeonchildren’sbirthday?A.Becausetheythemselvesdon’tlikecupcakeB.BecausetheythinkcupcakesarenotsodeliciousC.Becausetheybelievecupcakeswillcausecriesof“shegotthebiggerpiece”.D.Becausetheybelievecupcakesareoneofthecausestomakechildrenbecomefat.53.ThefollowingaretrueaccordingtoMarionNestleexpectthat______A.thecupcakeismoredemocraticthananyotherdesertsintheUSB.thecupcakeistoosmalltosharewithothersC.thesizesofcupcakesarethesamesoitisequaltoeveryoneD.cupcakeswillleadtochildobesitysotheyshouldbebanned54.Theunderlinedword“trendy”inparagraph7probablymeans______
优点英语A.popularB.gentleC.deliciousD.different55.WhydidthewritermentionHillaryClintonandRuthReichl?A.Toarousethereaders’attentionB.Toshowthatcupcakesarebecomingapopulartoshowkindnessandcomfort.C.TomakeacomparisonbetweenthemD.Togivereadersageneralideaofcupcakes5AmericanswearblackformourningChinesewearwhite.Westernersthinkofdragonsasmonsters.ChinesehonorthemassymbolsofGod.Chinesecivilizationhasoftenshownsuchpolarities(极性)withtheWest,asthougheachstandsatextremeendsofaglobalstring.NowintheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,psychologisthasdiscovereddeeperpolaritiesbetweenChineseandAmericancultures—polaritiesthatgototheheartofhowwereasonanddiscovertruth.HisfindingsgofartowardexplainingwhyAmericanculturesseemtocontentiousandChineseculturessopassive,whencomparedtoeachother.Moreimportantly,theresearchopensthewayforthepeoplesoftheEastandtheWesttolearnfromeachotherinfundamentalways.TheChinesecouldlearnmuchfromWesternmethodsfordeterminingscientifictruth,saidKaipingPeng,aformerBeijingScholar,whoisnowaUCBerkeleyassistantprofessorofpsychology.AndAmericanscouldprofitenormouslyfromtheChinesetoleranceforacceptingcontradictionsinsocialandpersonallife,hesaid.“Americanshaveaterribleneedtofindoutwhoisrightinanargument,”saidPeng.“Theproblemisthatattheinterpersonallevelyoureallydon’tneedtofindthetruth,ormaybethereisn’tany.”Chinesepeople,saidPeng,arefarmorecontenttothinkthatbothsideshaveflawsandvirtues,becausetheyhaveaholisticawarenessthatlifeisfullofcontradictions.Theydofarless
优点英语blamingoftheindividualthandoAmericans,headded.Instudiesofinterpersonalargument,forexample,whensubjectswereaskedtodealwithcontradictoryinformationstemmingfromconflictbetweenamotherandadaughterorastudentandaschool,PengfoundthatAmericanswere“non-compromising,blamingoneside—usuallythemother—forthecausesoftheproblems,demandingchangesfromonesidetoattainasolutionandofferingnocompromise”indealingwiththeconflict.Comparedtothisangry,blamingAmericanstance,theChinesewereparagons(模范)ofcompromise,findingfaultonbothsidesandlookingforsolutionsthatmovedbothsidestothemiddle.41.InParagraph1,theauthorsetsexamplesinorderto_____.A.exposethecontradictionbetweenChineseandAmericansB.showthedifferencesbetweenChinesecultureandAmericancultureC.findthereasonforthedifferencesD.generalizethemainideaofthepassage42.Theunderlinedword“contentious”inParagraph2probablymeans_____.A.conservativeB.aggressiveC.objectiveD.optimistic43.ComparedwithAmericans,Chineseare_____.A.likelytofindthetruthinlifeB.reluctanttoadmittheirownfailureC.reluctanttohaveageneralideaofthingsD.likelytoknowadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthings44.Thestudiesshowthat_____.A.anAmericantreatshisorhermotherbadlyB.differentideasoftreatingtheaged
优点英语C.differentpersonalityofChineseandAmericanD.differentconflictsofAmericansandChinese45.Themainideaofthepassageis_____.A.polaritiesbetweenAmericanandChinesecultureB.prioritiesofAmericanculturetoChineseC.differentattitudestowardstheagedD.differentmannersinsocialoccasions6“What’sinaname?”AccordingtoShakespeare’sRomeoandJuliet,thereisnottoomuch.“Thatwhichwecallarosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet.”ButShakespearemayhavebeenwrong.Inmostcultures,namesmatteragreatdeal.Americanschoosenamesfortheirchildrenwithcare.Parentsusuallythinkabouttheimpressionanamegives,notitsmeaning.MostAmericanswouldconsidera“Jennifer”moreattractivethana“Bertha”,forexample.Thelastname,or,surname,mustalsobeconsideredwhenchoosingafirstandmiddlename.AnamelikeLesterChesterHesterwouldsoundpoetic,butodd.Parentswouldavoidnamesthatremindthemofpeopletheydon’tlike.Ontheotherhand,peoplemightnametheirchildrenafterarespectedelderlyrelativeorevenafamousperson.Thepopularityofcertainnamescanchangewitheachnewgeneration.Namesthatwereoncecommon,likeFannyorElmer,soundold-fashionedtoday.Butothernames---likeJohnandDavid,MaryandSarah---havestoodthetestoftimeandcontinuetobefavorites.PeopleinAmericadon’talwayscalltheirfriendsandrelativesbytheirgivennames.Instead,theyoftenusenicknames.Sometimesnicknamesareshortformsofalongername.Forinstance,agirlnamedElizabethmaybecalledLisa,BethorBetsy.Aschildrengrowup,theymaydecideforthemselveswhichnicknametheywishtobecalled.Somepeoplejustgobytheinitialsoftheirfirstandmiddlenames,likeB.J.orR.C.Andofcourse,peoplemaycalltheirchildrenortheirsweetheartsotherspecialnicknames.Oftentheyhavea“sweet”flavor,likeHoneyorSugar.
优点英语What’sinaname?Aworldofsignificance.Soifyou’rechoosinganEnglishnameforyourself,takecaretochooseagoodone.Amade-upnamecouldsoundstrangetonativeEnglishspeakers.AndatranslationofyourChinesenamemaynotmakeanappropriatename,either.Butagoodnamecanleaveapositiveandlastingimpression.AsanAmericanpoliticianoncesaid,“Inreallife,unlikeinShakespeare,thesweetnessoftherosedependsuponthenameitbears.”41.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2mean?A.Peoplechangenamesinordertobepopularwiththenewgeneration.B.Nameswillchangebythemselvesinordertobepopular.C.Somenamesmaynolongerbepopularamongthenewgeneration.D.Nonamescanstandthetestoftime.42.Whenchoosingnames,youshouldsticktothefollowingprinciplesexceptthat__________.A.theimpressionanamegivesismoreimportantthanitsmeaningB.youcannameafterawell-knownpersonC.surnameshouldbepaidattentiontoD.youcancreateanamethatisspecial43.Theword“initial”inparagraph3probablymeans__________.A.nicknameB.thefirstletterC.shortformD.title44.Theauthorwillnameanewlybornbabygirl__________.A.BerthaB.FannyC.YunyunD.Elizabeth45.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.NameshavegreatsignificancetoAmericans.B.Nameschangewhentimegoesby.C.ChinesepeopleshouldbecarefulwhenchoosingtheirEnglishnames.
优点英语D.Rosessmellsweetbyanyothername.1篇：DACBA2篇：46—50:CBDDC3篇：CAACB4篇：51-55 CDDAB5篇：41—45BBDCA6篇：41-45CDBDA2,4,6
