重庆市2022高考英语阅读理解一轮（精品）训练题（15）附答案阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHaveyoueverwonderedwhybirdssing?Maybeyouthoughtthattheywerejusthappy.Afterall,youprobablysingorwhistle(吹口哨)whenyouarehappy.Somescientistsbelievethatbirdsdosingsomeofthetimejustbecausetheyarehappy.However,theysingmostofthetimeforaverydifferentreason.Theirsingingisactuallyawarningtootherbirdstostayoutoftheirterritory.Doyouknowwhata“territory”is?Aterritoryisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claims（声称）asitsown.Onlyheandhisfamilyarewelcomethere.Nootherfamiliesofthesamespecies(物种)arewelcome.Youryardandhouseareyourterritorywhereonlyyourfamilyandfriendsarewelcome.Ifastrangershouldenteryourterritoryandthreatenyou,youmightshout.Probablythiswouldbeenoughtofrightenhimaway.Ifso,youhaveactuallyscaredthestrangerawaywithouthavingtofighthim.Abirddoesthesamething.Butheexpectsnooutsidersalmostanytime,especiallyatnesting（筑巢）season.Soheisscreamingallthetime,whetherhecanseeanoutsiderornot.Thisscreamingiswhatwecallabird’ssong,anditisusuallyenoughtokeepanoutsideraway.Birdssingloudestinthespringwhentheyaretryingtoattractamateandwarnothersnottoentertheterritoryoftheirs.Youcanseethatbirdshavealanguageoftheirown.Mostofithastodowithattractingmatesandsettingupterritories.56.Somescientistsbelievethatmostofthetimebirds’singingisactually.A.anexpressionofhappinessB.awayofwarningC.anexpressionofangerD.awayofgreeting-8-\n57.Whatisabird’s“territory”?A.Aplacewherefamiliesofotherspeciesareaccepted.B.Aplacewhereabirdmayshoutatthetopofitsvoice.C.Anareaforwhichbirdsfightagainsteachother.D.Anareawhichabirdconsiderstobeitsown.58.Whydobirdskeeponsingingatnestingseason?A.Becausetheywanttoinvitemorefriends.B.Becausetheirsinginghelpsfrightenoutsidersaway.C.Becausetheywanttofindoutsidersaround.D.Becausetheirsinginghelpsgetridoftheirfears.59.Howdoesthewriterexplainbirds’singing?A.Bycomparingbirdswithhumanbeings.B.Byreportingexperimentresults.C.Bydescribingbirds’dailylife.D.Bytellingabird’sstory.60.Wherewillyouprobablyfindthepassage?A.AtextbookB.AnewspaperC.AsciencereportD.Aguidebook******************************************************结束(2022·江南十校二模，C)-8-\n AwardwinningauthorEmmaDonoghue'slatestbook,Room,isauniqueandamazingstoryaboutaboy'sexperiencelivinginasmall，windowlessroomwithhismother.The11'x11'spacebetweenthewallsoftheroomisactuallyalltheboyknowsbecausehewasbornthereandhasneverleft.Roomwillhorrify，surprise,sadden，andfinallydelightyou.Attractedfromthestart,readersofallsortswon'twanttoputRoomdown.◆FirstpublishedintheU.S.inSeptember2022◆Publisher:LittleBrown◆321Pages LiterarymasterIanMcEwanreturnswithSolar,anovelaboutaNobelprizewinningphysicist.Thephysicist'spersonallifeisinamessashisfifthmarriagebreaks，butthistimeheactuallyloveshiswifeandwantstomakethingsbetter.Solarisafunnystory,completelyunusualandasgoodasanythingthewriterhaseverwritten.◆PublishedinMarch2022◆Publisher:KnopfDoubleday◆304Pages OneDaybyDavidNichollswasaninternationalbestsellerbeforeitwasreleasedintheU.S.inJune.Althoughitiswellwrittenandfunnyattimes,don'tbefooled—thisisn'tagoodfeelingromanticcomedy.Ifyoudecidetoreadit,bepreparedforsomeheavymoments.◆PublishedintheU．S.inJune2022◆Publisher:VintageContemporaries◆437Pages-8-\n FallofGiantsbyKenFollettisthefirstbookinanewtrilogy(threebooks)thatwilltakereadersthroughthemajoreventsofthetwentiethcenturybyfollowingfivefamilies.InFallofGiants,mostoftheactioncentersonWorldWarIandtheBolshevikRevolution.AlthoughFallofGiantsismorethan1,000pagesandhasmanycharacters，thestoryisremarkablyconnected.◆PublishedinSeptember2022◆Publisher:Dutton◆1,008Pages本文向读者介绍了2022年新出版的四本书。13．Accordingtothetext，thelatestandlongestnovelis________.A.RoomB.SolarC.OneDayD.FallofGiants答案：D。事实细节题。由四本书的出版时间和页数可知答案为FallofCiants。14．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A.IanMcEwanoncewontheNobelPrize.B.FallofGiantsismostlysetinwars.C.OnedayiswrittenbyDavidNicholls.D.Solarisafunnystoryaboutaphysicist.答案：A。事实细节题。由对Solar一书的介绍中可知获得诺贝尔奖的是小说的主人公而不是作者本人。15．Wecanknowfromthetextthat________.A.themaincharacterofRoomhasawiderangeofknowledgeB.SolaristheonlybookthatIanMcEwanhaseverwrittenC.allthefourbookswerenotpublishedinthesamemonthD.OneDayisafunnyromanticcomedythatsellsverywell答案：C。事实细节题。由四本书的出版时间，可知C项正确。16．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A.thesixthofIanMcEwan'smarriagesbrokeB.RoombyEmmaDonoghuehasahappyendingC.thepublisherofOneDayisLittleBrownD.DuttonandKenFollettarebothpublishers答案：B。推理判断题。由第1则信息中的Roomwillhorrify,surprise,sadden,and-8-\nfinallydelightyou.可推知答案为B。易错选A。A项中IanMcEwan应为小说的主人公“Thephysicist”才对；由第三则介绍可知OneDay的出版者是VintageContemporaries而不是LittleBrown；由第四则介绍可知Dutton是发行人，但从第四则介绍可知KenFollett是FallofGiants一书的作者而不是发行人。考生解题时要注意题干的要求，从题干中的infer可知本题是推理判断题，首先就把属于事实细节的C、D排除。(2022·宁德质检，C)Astheworldpreparestomarkthe100thanniversaryofInternationalWomen'sDayonMarch8,anewreportdetailstheprogressandchallengesgirlsfaceingettinganeducation.Thereport—fromtheEducationforAllFastTrackInitiative—highlightstheimportanceofgirls'educationforeconomic(经济的)andsocialdevelopment.ItfollowsprogressinEthiopia,BurkinaFaso,Ghana,Guinea,Mauritania,MozambiqueandNiger.PremaClarke,authorofFasttrackingGirls'Education,says,“Progressforgirls'educationisthattheycanleavetheirhomes,leavetheirfamiliesandcometoaplacetostudyandtolearn.Andthat'sabigachievementbecauseotherwisethesegirlshavetostayathome,lookingaftertheirbrothersandsisters,doingthecookingordoingthecleaning.”ShesaysprogresstowardtheMillenniumDevelopmentGoalsandthoseofEducationforAll“isallowingandenablinggirlsandforcingcountriestolookatthisissue(问题)andtoensurethatinterventions(干预)helpgirlsattendschool.”BenefitsImprovingeducationforgirlsbringsmanybenefits,saysClarke.“Itmeansthatgirlscanthenentertheworkforce.Theycanlookaftertheirownfamiliesmuchmoreeffectively.Theycanpreventchilddeathrate.Theycaneducatetheirowngirlchildrenwhentheybegintoexpandtheirownfamilies.”Studiesshowthathaving-8-\naneducatedfemalepopulationhelpstoimproveacountry'shealthandeconomicwellbeing.WarningsThereportsays,“Indevelopingcountries,toomanygirlsarenotinschool,andmanygirlsfacecontinuinghealthrisksanddangerjustwalkingtoclass.”“EspeciallyinthefragileandpostconflictcountriesandinmanyoftheAfricancountries,thisisarealissue，”shesays.Tillnow,theinterventionshavebeensofocusedonprovidingschoolingandprovidingteachers,etc.AndnowIthinkthereismuchmoreexpandedfocusonlookingatspecific(特定的)communitiesofgirlswithinatriskgroupsthatnowneedmuchmorespecificattentionandmuchmorecreativesolutions(解决方法)tohelpthemattendschool.在迎接第一百个国际妇女节的时候，一份报告揭示了女性教育的重要性和女性教育的进步与面临的问题。9.Theunderlinedword“highlights”inParagraph2probablymeans________.A.showsB.stressesC.remarksD.improves答案：B。猜测词义题。所在句句意：这份报告强调了女性教育对经济和社会发展的重要性。所以是“强调”的意思。10.AccordingtoClarke,improvingeducationcanprovidegirlswithalltheopportunitiesEXCEPT________.A.toeducatetheirowngirlchildrenB.topreventchilddeathrateC.toentertheworkforceD.tostudyabroad答案：D。细节理解题。由Benefits下一段可知，无D项内容。11.Thispassageisintendedto________.A.promotetheprogressingirls'educationB.talkaboutthebenefitsofimprovinggirls'educationC.givesomeinformationabouttheeducationgirlsarefacingD.singhighpraiseforthegirls'education答案：A。推理判断题。由第一段“...anewreportdetailstheprogressandchallengesgirlsfaceingettinganeducation.”可知，该文的目的是呼吁改进对女孩的教育。12.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.thegirls'educationalsituationindevelopingcountriesisstillseriousB.girlswerefreetogowherevertheywantedtointhepastC.thereareenoughteachersinmostoftheAfricancountries-8-\nD.InternationalWomen'sDaywasfirstcelebratedonMarch8in1900答案：A。推理判断题。由倒数第二段可推知，在发展中国家，女孩的教育问题非常严重。其它选项都不对。(2022·成都三诊，E)Everysocialexperiencethatwehaveaffectsusinatleastsomesmallways.Inmodernindustrialandpostindustrialsocieties,however,therearefourfamiliarinfluencesthathavespecialsignificanceinthesocializationprocess.Theyarethefamily,schooling,peergroupsandthemassmedia.Thefamilyisthemostimportantagentofsocializationbecauseitrepresentsthecenterofchildren'slives.Babiesarealmosttotallydependentonothers,andtheresponsibilitiesofmeetingtheirneedsalmostalwaysfallonparentsandotherfamilymembers.Atleastuntilthestartofschooling,thefamilyisresponsibleforteachingchildrenculturalvaluesandattitudestowardsthemselvesandothers.Familybasedsocializationisnotentirelyintentional.Childrenlearncontinuouslyfromthekindofenvironmentthatadultscreateforthem.Whetherchildrenlearntothinkofthemselvesasstrongorweak,smartorstupid,lovedorsimplytolerated,islargelydeterminedbythisearlyenvironmentthatadultscreate.Parenting_styles_aside,_and_parental_attention_is_importantinchildren'ssocialdevelopment.Physicalcontact，verbalstimulation，andopennessfromparentsandothersallencouragechildren'sintellectual(智力的)growth.Thefamilyalsoplaceschildreninaspecificsocialposition,thatis,parentsnotonlybringchildrenintothephysicalworld,theyalsoplacetheirchildreninsocietyintermsofrace,religion,andclass.Intime，allofthesethingsbecomepartofachild'sselfconcept,orideaofhimselforherself.Ofcourse,someaspectsofsocialpositionmaychangelateron,butsocialstandingatbirthaffectsusthroughoutourlives.Inmanyways,then,parentsteachtheirchildrentofollowintheirfootsteps.本文主要谈论了家庭对孩子成长的影响。家庭环境、社会地位、种族、宗教尤其是所出生家庭的社会地位对孩子的文化价值观、对自身和他人的态度会产生终生的影响。17．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfamilysocializationisTRUE?A.Allfamilybasedsocializationisacarefullyplannedprocess.B.One'ssocializationprocesscompletelydependsonone'sfamily.C.Thefamilyplaysthemostimportantroleinone'ssocialization.-8-\nD.Thefamilyshouldberesponsiblefortheirchildrenalltheirlifetime.答案：C。事实细节题。由第2段首句可知答案。由文中相关内容可知A项中的carefullyplanned错误；B项中的completely错误；D项中的alltheirlifetime错误。18．Theunderlinedpartinthe4thparagraphmeansthat________.A.parentalattentionratherthanparentingstylesisimportantB.parentingstylesarelessimportantthanparentalattentionC.parentalattentionislessimportantthanparentingstylesD.parentalattentionaswellasparentingstylesisimportant答案：D。句意理解题。第4段首句画线部分中的aside在此意为“除了……外还……”，相当于并列连词and或aswellas。19．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Parents'footstepsdecidetheirchildren'sfuturelife.B.Thefamilyhasalottodowithone'ssocialposition.C.One'ssocialpositioncan'tbechangedatalllateron.D.Socialpositionatbirthwon'taffectusthroughoutourlives.答案：B。推理判断题。本段主要讲了家庭对孩子的影响。20．Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.AllStepsofChildren'sSocializationB.FourAgentsofChildren'sSocializationC.FamilytheMostImportantSocializationAgentD.FamilyMajorInfluenceonIntellectualGrowth答案：C。主旨大意题。本文主要讲述对该子社会化进程产生影响的四大因素中的“家庭的影响”，由此可见作者认为它应该是最重要的。**********************************************************结束-8-
