重庆市2022高考英语阅读理解一轮（精品）训练题（3）附答案EnglishasaForeignLanguageWhotaughtyoutospeakEnglish?Yourparents,whileyouwereayoungchild?Yourteachersatschool?PerhapseventheBBCasagrown-up.Whoeveritwas,somehowyouhavedevelopedanunderstandingofwhatisrapidlybecomingatrulygloballanguage.Therearenowabout376millionpeoplewhospeakEnglishastheirfirstlanguage,andaboutthesamenumberwhohavelearntitinadditiontotheirmothertongue.TherearesaidtobeonebillionpeoplelearningEnglishnowandabout80%oftheinformationontheInternetisinEnglish.Isthisagoodthing,orabadthing?Shouldwecelebratethefactthatmoreandmoreofuscancommunicate,usingacommonlanguage,acrosscountriesandcultures（文化）？Orshouldweworryaboutthedangersof‘mono-culturalism’,aworldinwhichweallspeakthesamelanguage,eatthesamefoodandlistentothesamemusic?Doesitmatterifanincreasingnumberofpeoplespeakthesamelanguage?Onthecontrary（相反），Iwouldhavethought－althoughIhaveneveracceptedtheargumentthatifonlyweallunderstoodeachotherbetter,therewouldbefewerwars.AskthepeopleofIndia（wheremanyofthemspeakatleastsomeEnglish）andPakistan（thesamesituationwithIndia）…IfweallspeakEnglish,willwethenallstarteatingMcDonaldsburgers?Surelynot.IfEnglishbecomesmoredominant（占主导地位的）,itwillkillotherlanguages?Idoubtit.WhenItravelinAfricaorAsia,Iamalwayssurprisedbyhowmanypeoplecanspeaknotonlytheirownlanguagebutoftenoneormoreotherrelatedlanguages,aswellasEnglishandperhapssomeFrenchorGermanaswell.WhenwediscussedthisonTalkingPointacoupleofyearsago,wereceivedawonderfullypoeticemailfromalistenerinIreland.“TheEnglishlanguageisabeautifullanguage.Maybeit’slikearose,”hesaid.“Butwhowouldeverwanttheirgardenjustfullofrose?”Well,Iloveroses,andIthinktheymakeabeautifuladditiontoanygarden.ButthewayIseeit,justbyplantingafewroses,youdon’tnecessarilyneedto-8-\npullouteverythingelse.IfmoreandmorepeoplewanttoplantEnglishroses,that’sfinebyme.58.Bysaying“AskthepeopleofIndia…andPakistan”（inParagraph4）,theauthoristryingtoshowthat_____.A.speakingthesamelanguagedoesn’tnecessarilybringpeaceB.warscandestroytherelationshipbetweentwocountriesC.Englishdoesn’tkillotherlanguagesD.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld59.Whatdoes“garden”inthelasttwoparagraphsstandfor?A.LanguageB.FamilyC.TheworldD.TheEarth60.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreethat______.A.it’sveryhardtoplantmanykindsofflowersinagardenB.it’sgoodforpeoplefromothercountriestolearnEnglishC.moreandmorepeopleliketoplantrosesintheirgardensD.Englishiseasiertolearnthanotherlanguages61.Thispassageismainlyabout________.A.whyEnglishhasbecomeagloballanguageB.howmanypeopleintheworldspeakEnglishC.howpeopleintheworldlearnEnglishasaforeignlanguageD.whetherweneedtoworryaboutEnglishbeingaworldlanguage*********************************************************结束(2022·南京二模，D)In1890WilliamJames,theAmericanphilosopherandphysicianandoneofthefoundersofmodernpsychology,definedpsychologyas“thescienceofmentallife”-8-\nandthisdefinitionprovidesagoodstartingpointforourunderstandingeventoday.Weallhaveamentallifeandthereforehavesomeideaaboutwhatthismeans,eventhoughitcanbestudiedinratsormonkeysaswellasinpeopleandtheconceptremainsdifficulttounderstand.Likemostpsychologists,WilliamJameswasparticularlyinterestedinhumanpsychology，whichhethoughtconsistedofcertainbasicelements:thoughtsandfeelings,aphysicalworldwhichexistsintimeandspace，andawayofknowingaboutthesethings.Foreachofus,thisknowledgeisprimarilypersonalandprivate.Itcomesfromourownthoughts，feelingsandexperienceoftheworld,andmayormaynotbeinfluencedbyscientificfactsaboutthings.Forthisreason,itiseasyforustomakejudgementsaboutpsychologicalmattersusingourownexperienceasastandard.Webehaveasamateurpsychologistswhenweofferopinionsoncomplexpsychologicalphenomena.However,problemsarisewhentwopeopleunderstandthesethingsdifferently.Formalpsychologyattemptstoprovidemethodsfordecidingwhichexplanationsaremostlikelytobecorrect,orfordeterminingthecircumstancesunderwhicheachapplies.Theworkofpsychologistshelpsusdistinguishbetweeninsideinformation，whichissubjective,andmaybeprejudicedandunreliable,andthefacts：betweenourpredictionsandwhatis“true”inscientificterms.Psychology,asdefinedbyWilliamJames,isaboutthemindorbrain,butalthoughpsychologistsdostudythebrain,wedonotunderstandnearlyenoughaboutitsworkingstobeabletocomprehendthepartthatitplaysintheexperienceandexpressionofourhopes,fears,andwishes，orinourbehaviourduringexperiencesasvariedasgivingbirthorwatchingafootballmatch.Indeed,itisrarelypossibletostudythebraindirectly.So,psychologistshavediscoveredmorebystudyingourbehaviour,andbyusingtheirobservationstoobtainhypotheses(假设)aboutwhatisgoingoninsideus.本文主要讲述的是对心理学这一概念的定义和理解。13．Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.A.thefounderofmodernpsychologyB.thedefinitionofpsychologyC.thecomplexityofpsychologyD.theinfluenceofpsychology答案：B。主旨大意题。由首段首句中的“...definedpsychologyas‘thescienceofmentallife’．..”和尾句中的“theconceptremainsdifficulttounderstand”可知本段主要说的是心理学的定义，故选B。14．FromParagraph2,wecanknowthatproblemsarisebecause________.-8-\nA.ofthedifferencebetweeninsideinformationandthefactsB.ofdifferentthoughtsandfeelingsaboutpsychologyC.peopleusuallymakejudgementsbasedontheirownideasD.amateurpsychologistscannotusescientificterms答案：C。事实细节题。总览第2段中的内容可知，问题的出现是由于人们通常是基于自己的想法作出判断，因而会见仁见智，故选C。15．Accordingtothepassage,psychologistsstudythebrainmainly________.A.inadirectwayB.withtheirownexperienceC.byobservinghowitworksD.bywatchingpeople'sbehaviour答案：D。事实细节题。由第3段尾句“So，psychologistshavediscoveredmorebystudyingourbehaviour，andbyusingtheirobservationstoobtainhypothesesaboutwhatisgoingoninsideus.”可知D项正确。16．Whichofthefollowingcanbethefirstsentenceinthefourthparagraph?A.Psychologyisalsoaboutthewayspeopleusetheirmentalabilitiestooperateintheworldaroundthem.B.WilliamJamesisconsideredtobethegreatestpsychologistinthe1890s.C.Psychologysuggeststhatlivingbeingsadapttoachangingenvironmentsothattheycansurvive.D.Itisimportantforpsychologists，aswellasordinarypeople，tobeawareofthereasons.答案：A。推理判断题。从语篇结构可知，第1段引出心理学的概念，第2段谈论心理学的构成要素以及就同一问题产生歧义的原因，第3段说的是研究心理学的方法是研究人的行为，按行文逻辑推理第4段应该是谈论心理学也是关于人们把脑力应用到他们周围的世界的方式。故选A。(2022·江西九校联考，E)Beingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlife.Relationshipswithfamily,friends,neighbors，evenpets,willalldothetrick,butthebiggestlongevity(长寿)boostseemstocomefrommarriageoranequivalentrelationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858byWilliamFarr，whowrotethatwidowers(鳏夫)wereatamuchhigherriskofdyingthantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessincethensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman'slifeandtwotoawoman's.Theeffectholdsforallcausesofdeath，whetherillness,accidentorselfharm.-8-\nEveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyou,marriagecanmorethancompensate.LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn'tsmoke.There'saflip_side，however，aspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse'sdeath，andcaringforaspousewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesamesevereproblems.Evenso,theoddsfavourmarriage.Ina30yearstudyofmorethan10,000people，NicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects.Sohowdoesitwork?Theeffectsarecomplex，affectedbysocioeconomicfactors，healthserviceprovision，emotionalsupportandothermorephysiological(生理的)mechanisms.Forexample，socialcontactcanboostdevelopmentofthebrainandimmunesystem，leadingtobetter,healthandlesschanceofdepressionlaterinlife.Peopleinsupportiverelationshipsmayhandlestressbetter.Thentherearethepsychologicalbenefitsofasupportivepartner.Alifepartner，childrenandgoodfriendsareallrecommendedifyouaimtoliveto100.Theultimatesocialnetworkisstillbeingmappedout,butChristakissays：“Peopleareinterconnected，sotheirhealthisinterconnected.”善于交际和拥有良好的婚姻关系和社会关系网络是长寿的良方。17．LindaWaite'sstudiessupporttheideathat________.A.oldermenshouldquitsmokingtostayhealthyB.marriagecanhelpmakeupforillhealthC.themarriedarehappierthantheunmarriedD.unmarriedpeoplearelikelytosufferinlaterlife答案：B。事实细节题。由第2段第2、3句“LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn'tsmoke.”可知答案。18．Itcanbeinferredfromthecontextthatthe“flipside”(Line5,Para.2)refersto________.A.thedisadvantagesofbeingmarriedB.theemotionalproblemsarisingfrommarriage-8-\nC.theresponsibilityoftakingcareofone'sfamilyD.theconsequenceofabrokenmarriage答案：A。推理判断题。由第2段后半部分的“aspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse'sdeath,andcaringforaspousewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesamesevereproblems.”可推断出说的是婚姻的副作用，故答案为A。19．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsocialnetworks?A.Theyhaveeffectssimilartothoseofamarriage.B.Theyhelpdeveloppeople'scommunityspirit.C.Theyprovidetimelysupportforthoseinneed.D.Theyhelprelievepeopleoftheirlife'sburdens.答案：A。推理判断题。由尾段内容可推知A项正确。20．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.It'simportantthatwedevelopasocialnetworkwhenyoung.B.Tostayhealthy，oneshouldhaveapropersocialnetwork.C.Gettingadivorcemeansriskingareducedlifespan.D.Weshouldshareoursocialnetworkswitheachother.答案：B。推理判断题。由尾段尾句“Peopleareinterconnected,sotheirhealthisinterconnected.(人们是相互关联的，健康也是如此)”可推断出B项正确。(2022·厦门适应性考试，E)TheNezPerceIndiansareatribethatlivedinthePacificNorthwestoftheUnitedStates.AtthetimeoftheLewisandClarkexpedition(远征队),whichwasoneofthefirstjourneysbyAmericansfromtheAtlanticcoasttothePacificcoastandbackagain,theNezPerceterritory(领土)coveredabout17millionacres,coveringpartsofWashington,Oregon,andIdaho.Butthatwasabriefsweethistory.InSeptember1805,whenLewisandClarkcameofftheRockiesontheirwestwardjourney,theentireexploringpartywashungryandill—tooweaktodefendthemselves.-8-\nHadtheNezPercechosentoattackthem,theycouldhaveputanendtotheLewisandClarkexpeditionthereonthebanksofClearwaterRiver.InsteadtheNezPercewelcomedthewhiteAmericansandlookedafterthemuntiltheymadeafullrecovery.ThusbeganalongfriendshipbetweentheNezPerceandwhiteAmericans.Butwhitemen'sgreedforlandandgoldfinallybrokethefriendship.In1855GovernorIsaacStevensofWashingtonTerritoryinvitedtheNezPercetoapeaceconference.Hesaidtherewereagreatmanywhitepeopleinthecountry,andmanymorewouldcome.Butthechiefofthetribeatthattime,OldJoseph,replied,“Takeawayyourpaper.Iwillnottouchitwithmyhand.”Thingswerequietforawhileafterthat,butnotforlong.WhenOldJosephdied,thechiefshipwaspassedontoYoungJoseph.Inthelate1870s,governmentofficialscametoordertheNezPercetoleavetheWallowaValleyandthenbeganhardbattlesbetweentheNezPerceandthewhitesoldiers.Afterthetribehadfoughtthirteenbattlesandmoved1,600milestowardsCanadainanattempttoretreat(撤退)north,YoungJoseph,gaveintotheUnitedStatesArmy.Herewashisfamousstatement,“Hearmemychiefs.Iamtired;myheartissickandsad.FromwherethesunnowstandsIwillfightnomoreforever.”In1885,ChiefJosephwassentalongwithmanyofhisbandtotheColvilleReservationinWashingtonwhereJosephcontinuedtoleadhisbandforanother25years,attimescomingintoconflictwiththeleadersof11othertribeslivingonthereservation.本文讲述了印第安部落TheNezPerce与白人的恩怨。16.WhatisTRUEoftheLewisandClarkexpedition?A.TheywerewellcaredforbytheNezPerce.B.TheyendedtheirexpeditiononthebanksofClearwaterRiver.C.TheystartedthefirstbattlewiththeNezPerce.D.TheywerethefirstAmericanstotravelfromtheAtlantictothePacific.答案：A。推理判断题。由第二段第三句话“InsteadtheNezPercewelcomedthewhiteAmericansandlookedafterthemuntiltheymadeafullrecovery.”可知，theNezPerce照顾探险队直到他们完全康复，因此A项正确；第二段第二句话“HadtheNezPercechosentoattackthem,theycouldhaveputanendtotheLewisandClarkexpeditionthereonthebanksofClearwaterRiver.”是虚拟语气，是假设，所以B项错误；C项错误，文中找不到根据；由第一段第二句话“...whichwasoneofthefirstjourneysbyAmericansfromtheAtlanticcoasttothePacificcoastandback-8-\nagain...”可知，D项错误，是最早之一而不是第一次。17.WhatendedthefriendshipbetweentheNezPerceandtheWhites?A.OldJoseph'sproudmanner.B.Thebreakdownofthepeacetalk.C.Agrowingnumberofwhitemenintheland.D.Whitemen'sincreasingdemandforlandandgold.答案：D。细节理解题。由第三段第二句话“Butwhitemen'sgreedforlandandgoldfinallybrokethefriendship.”可知，白人的贪婪破坏了他们的友谊。18．YoungJosephgaveinatlastbecause________.A.hegrewolderB.hewasterriblyillC.hehatedthewarD.helostotherchiefs'support答案：C。推理判断题。由第五段最后Joseph说的话可知，他对战争厌倦了。19.WhichmapmostprobablyshowsthepaththeNezPercetookinthelate1870s?答案：A。识图理解题。由第一段第一句话“TheNezPerceIndiansareatribethatlivedinthePacificNorthwestoftheUnitedStates.”和第五段“Afterthetribehadfoughtthirteenbattlesandmoved1,600milestowardsCanadainanattempttoretreat(撤退)north”可知，TheNezPerceIndians是从美国西北部向北朝加拿大方向撤退，因此A图正确。20.Thepassagemightbefollowedbyaparagraphabout________.A.thecustomsandtraditionsoftheNezPerceIndiansB.thelastyearsofChiefJosephintheColvilleReservationC.lastingfightsbetweentheNezPerceandthewhitesD.constantconflictsbetweentheNezPerceandothertribes解析：B。推理判断题。文章后三段讲的是部落首领Joseph，因此接下来会讲他在保留地里的最后的生活。-8-
