2021届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（二十七）一：词组梳理1．aswell也,一样2．asyet迄今,到目前为止3．意外的byaccident=bychance4．交通事故thetrafficaccident5．根据accordingto6．考虑takesthintoaccount7．因为,由于onaccountof=becauseof后面跟名词,不跟句子8．指责某人某事情accusesbofsth9．指控某人某事情chargesbwithsth10．钦佩某人某事情admiresbforsth11．责备某人某事情scoldsbforsth,blamesbforsth,sbbetoblameforsth12．asidefrom除┄之外13．associate…with…由…联想到…,把…和...联系起来14．associationwith与……的交往15．atadisadvantage处于不利地位16．ataloss不知所措17．atnotime从不,决不18．atonetime曾经,从前曾19．atthecostof以……为代价20．attheleast至少21．一周两次twiceaweek22．两倍那么多:twiceasmanyas,twicebiggerthan,twicethesize/length/widthof23．一、两天adayortwo,oneortwodays24．再两周时间anthertwoweeks,twomoreweeks25．manyastudenthasabook26．总而言之inaword27．有能力做某事情beabletodosth.,becapableofdoing\n1．怎么样whataboutdoing…/howaboutdoing2．当…即将要做某事情beabouttodosth…when…3．尤其是,最重要的是aboveall4．缺席,不在beabsentfrom5．全神贯注于某事情beabsorbedindoingsth.6．主观接受:accept客观接受(接受有形,有实物的东西)receive7．有权利做某事情haveaccesstosth.8．atatime每次,一次9．atall丝毫,根本10．atanymoment即使,随时11．atfirst首先,开始的时候12．atlarge未被捕获的,大多数13．atlast终于,最终14．atleast至少15．atlength最终,详细地16．atmost最多二：习题训练（A）Itiscalculatedthatsomeoftheworld's7,000languagesareindangerofgettingextinct.“Forexample,Ainu,alanguageinJapan,isnowseriouslythreatened,withonly10nativespeakersremaining”saidleadstudyauthorTatsuyaAmanoattheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland.Thescientistsfoundthat25percentoftheworld'slanguagesarethreatened.Afteridentifyingwheretheendangeredlanguageswere,theylookedforanyenvironmentalandsocialoreconomicfactorsthoselanguagesmighthaveincommon,suchaspoorareasorrapidpopulationgrowth.“Wefindthatattheglobalscale,languagespeakerdeclines(减少)arestronglylinkedtoeconomicgrowth—thatis,declinesareparticularlyoccurringineconomicallydevelopedregions,”Amanosaid.“Oneimportantfindingofthisnewstudyisthatlanguagesinthetropicsand\nHimalayanregionarelikelytobeincreasinglythreatenedinthenearfuture,becausetheseregionsstillhavemanylocalindigenouslanguages(本地语)withasmallnumberofspeakers,andatthesametimeareexperiencingrapideconomicgrowth,”Amanosaid.Economicgrowthmayendangerlanguagesforavarietyofreasons.Forinstance,speakersofendangeredlanguagesmayviewanothermorepopularlanguageasofferingeconomicopportunities,andthusforegotheirownlanguages.“Thereareotherimportantfactorsthatmightendangerlanguages,”theresearcherssaid.Forinstance,policiesregardinghowlanguagesareusedandtaughtinschoolscanbeverydifferentamongcountriesandevenwithineachcountry,andthesefactorsmayexplainmoredetailedpatternsinlanguageendangerment.Amanosuggesteditcouldbepossibletoforecastfuturethreatstothediversityoflanguages.“Thereexistsdetailedinformationonfuturechangesintheenvironment,economiesandclimates,”Amanosaid.“Usingsuchinformation,togetherwiththefindingsofthisstudyandfurtheranalysis,wewouldliketounderstandwhatwillhappentotheworld'slanguages,whereitwillhappenandwhichlanguageswillbethreatenedinparticular.”1．WhyisthelanguageofAinumentionedinParagraph1?A．ToshowthatitismostlikelytodisappearinthefutureB．ToprovethatJapaneseisnowseriouslythreatenedC．ToshowthatfewpeoplespeakJapaneseintheworldD．ToprovethatJapaneseismadeupofmanylanguages2．WhatmayendangerthelanguagesmostaccordingtoAmano?A．Thediversityofsociety.B．Thedeclineofthepopulation.C．Theimprovementoftheenvironment.D．Thedevelopmentofeconomy.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“forego”probablymean?A．Employ.B．Desert.C．Record.D．Advance.4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Theworld'slanguagesaredevelopingatarapidspeed.\nB．Thestudymaybeofuseinstoppinglanguagesdyingout.C．Itisratherhardforustoprotectthediversityoflanguages.D．Futurethreatstothediversityoflanguagesareunpredictable.（B）ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence___1___theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen___2___(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modemmethods___3___trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive___4___(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut___5___(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa___6___(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby___7___(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare___8___(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of___9___nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six___10___(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.答案及解析A【答案】ADBB【解析】这是一篇说明文。据统计，世界上7000种语言中有一些濒临灭绝。文章主要讲述了世界上有很多语言面临灭绝的现状，分析了造成语言面临灭绝的原因。1．推理判断题。文章第一段Itiscalculatedthatsomeoftheworld's7,000languagesareindangerofgettingextinct.“Forexample,Ainu,alanguageinJapan,isnowseriouslythreatened,withonly10nativespeakersremaining”可知提到世界上许多语言面临着灭绝的危险，接着以日本的阿伊努语为例，这说明该语言在未来有可能消失。故第1段提到阿伊努语是为了表明它很可能在未来消失。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Wefindthatattheglobalscale,languagespeaker\ndeclines(减少)arestronglylinkedtoeconomicgrowth—thatis,declinesareparticularlyoccurringineconomicallydevelopedregions,”Amanosaid.可知，Amano认为经济的发展有可能引起某种语言的使用人数减少，使得这种语言濒临灭绝。故选D。3．词义猜测题。根据上文Economicgrowthmayendangerlanguagesforavarietyofreasons.Forinstance,speakersofendangeredlanguagesmayviewanothermorepopularlanguageasofferingeconomicopportunities,andthus…可知由于种种原因，经济增长可能危及语言。例如，濒危语言的使用者可能认为另一种更受欢迎的语言提供了经济机会，因此放弃了自己的语言。故可推测划线单词意思为“放弃；舍弃”。A.Employ.雇用；B.Desert.舍弃；C.Record.记录；D.Advance.前进。故选B。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“Usingsuchinformation,togetherwiththefindingsofthisstudyandfurtheranalysis,wewouldliketounderstandwhatwillhappentotheworld'slanguages,whereitwillhappenandwhichlanguageswillbethreatenedinparticular.”（“利用这些信息，结合这项研究的结果和进一步的分析，我们希望了解世界上的语言将会发生什么，将在哪里发生，以及哪些语言将受到特别的威胁。”）可知，这项研究可能有助于阻止语言的消亡。故选B。B【语篇解读】本文为科普文类说明文，介绍了北极熊的生存现状。1.【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为therebe句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。2.【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词hasbeenstudied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。3.【解析】考查介词用法。此处trackingpolarbearpopulations作Modernmethods的定语，用of连接，“methodsofdoingsth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。4.【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用toperform。5.【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语inrecentyears可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填havereported。6.\n【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。7.【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。8.【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后thantheyactuallyare可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。9.【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。10.【解析】考查主谓一致。根据threearedeclining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polarbearsubpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
