2021届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（四十七）一：词组梳理1．accordingto根据2．asamatteroffact实际上3．asmuchas像……那样多4．atheart心底里，本质上5．atonce立刻，马上6．atwill任意，随意7．betterthan好于，胜过，比……好8．bymeansof凭借，以……方法9．bynature本性，天生地10．dueto①因为，由于②应归于11．forfearof唯恐，以免(发生危险)12．forthepurposeof为了……目的13．generallyspeaking一般来说14．inaword总而言之15．inadditionto除……之外16．inagreementwith同意，与……达成一致17．inall总共，总计，合计18．inchargeof负责，主管(表示主动意义)19．inthechargeof由……管理(表示被动意义)20．ineffect实际上，事实上21．infact事实上22．infrontof在……前面23．ingeneral大体上24．inhonourof①纪念②为向……表示敬意25．inparticular尤其，特别26．inplace在适当的位置27．inplaceof代替，取代28．inpraiseof为赞扬\n1．inpreferenceto胜于，优先于2．inpreparation准备3．inresponseto回答，响应4．insearchof寻找，寻求5．inshort总之，简言之6．insight在视野内7．intermsof就……而言8．inthedirectionof朝……方向二：习题训练（A）Therearemanyprogramsforhighschoolstudentstodaythathelplonelyteenagersdealwithloneliness.However,lonelinessisnotonlyanissueforteensbutalsoanimportantandrarelyacknowledgedoneintheelderly.InBritain,TraceyCrouchwasappointedtobethefirstMinisterofLonelinessinordertoaddresstheissuescausedbyloneliness.Thisisthefirsttimesuchapositionhasbeencreated.InBritain,therearearound9millionpeoplewhosaytheyarelonelyfrequently.InGermany,astudyconductedbyRuhrUniversityBochumfoundthat20percentofpeopleovertheageof85feltlonely,andthat14percentofthosebetweenage45and65feltsociallylonely.IntheUnitedStates,morethan25percentofthepopulationlivealone,andmorethan50percentareunmarried.Lonelinessisgenerallyassociatedwithheartdiseaseandanxiety.Additionally,thestressfromlonelinesscancauseyourcellstochangeonamolecular(分子)levelthatreducesitsabilitiestodefendyourbodyagainstdiseases.Infact,doctorsbelievehavingfeelingsoflonelinessisequivalenttosmoking15cigarettesperdayinregardtoitseffectonhealth!InBritain,thenewMinisterofLonelinesswillhelpintroducegovernmentpoliciesontheissueandfundacharity—anorganizationforhelpingpeopleinneed,todevotetheireffortstoaidingloneliness.Therearecharitiesthatlinklonelyseniorstohighschoolstudentsinordertogivethemalineofcommunicationwhenever\ntheyfeellonely!ThepossibilitiesforthenewMinisterofLonelinessareendless.Forexample,shecanprovideeducationservicestohouseholdbusinessessothattheycanidentifylonelycustomersiftheyseeone.Lonelinessfitsintothecategoryofbeingasocialissuethatmustbemonitoredbytheentirecommunityinordertohelpthoseinneed.Therefore,governmentinvolvementinmedicalservicesandcareforseniorsandothersisvitalforhappyseniors.1.HowdoestheauthordevelopParagraph3?A.Bylistingsomestatistics.B.Bygivingexamplesoflonelypeople.C.Bypointingoutsimilaritiesanddifferences.D.Bycomparingdifferentculturesindifferentcountries.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“equivalent”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Relevant.B.Similar.C.Opposite.D.Superior.3.WhatwilltheMinisterofLonelinessdo?A.Dohouseworkforlonelypeople.B.Developfriendshipswiththeelderly.C.Helpfundacharitytoaidlonelypeople.D.Communicatewithanxiousschoolstudents.4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.TheUKbecomesthecapitalofloneliness.B.Lonelinessaffectsoldpeople’slifeworldwide.C.Manyteenagerssufferfromloneliness.D.TheUK’sMinisterofLonelinesssettlesloneliness.（B）Youareenjoyinganicedreamuntilyouralarmsuddenlyrings. 1 Isyourclockoutofcontrol?No,it’sjustwinter,makingthesunriselater,soitwillbetwiceashardtocrawloutofbedintothecolddarkness.\nAsthedaysgetshorter,ourmorningslosethatcruciallighttowakeusup,sowakingupgetsharder.Thatmeansyou’llneedtoputinextraefforttogettoworkontime. 2 3 Summerorwinter,youshouldaimtogotobedataboutthesametimeeveryeveningandwakeupataboutthesametimeeverymorning.Trytogiveyourselftimeforeighthourspernight.Avoidstronglightnearbedtime.Soifyoulikereadingbeforeyoucloseyoureyes,tryanactualbookoranEinkscreenlikeaKindle,whichdoesn’temittheharshlightthatphonesandtabletsdo.Buyawakeuplight.Ifyoustillhavetroublewithdarkmornings,itmightbetimetointroducemorelightintoyourroom. 4 Giveyourselfsomethingtolookforwardto.5Sure,youmighthavetogetupforwork,butyou’llwanttobeawakeifyouareexpectingadeliciousbreakfast,oraworkoutthatisactuallyfun.A.Butyoujustdon’twanttogetoutofyourwarmbed.B.Sticktoaregularschedule.C.Philipsmakessomepopularlampsthatproducenaturallightduringgraywinterdays.D.Wakingupiseasierwhenyouhaveagoodreasontobeconscious.E.Toomuchlightcandoharmtoyoureyes.F.Wehaveafewtipsthatmighthelp.G.Butwhenyoulookoutofthewindow,it’sstillblackoutside.答案及解析A[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章主要讲述了孤独不仅存在于青少年中,而且在老年人中也是一个重要的、很少被承认的问题。1.A 细节理解题。根据本段所列举的年龄及百分比的数字可知答案为A项。2.B 词义猜测题。根据本段第二句Additionally,thestressfromlonelinesscancauseyourcellstochangeonamolecularlevelthatreducesitsabilitiestodefendyourbodyagainst\ndiseases.和画线词所在句子可知,来自孤独的压力会导致你的细胞发生分子层面的变化,从而减弱你身体抵抗疾病的能力。医生认为关于孤独对健康的影响与每天抽15支烟相似。故选B项。3.C 细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句InBritain,thenewMinisterofLonelinesswillhelpintroducegovernmentpoliciesontheissueandfundacharity—anorganizationforhelpingpeopleinneed,todevotetheireffortstoaidingloneliness.可知,在英国,theMinisterofLoneliness会帮助介绍政府关于这个问题的政策并资助一个慈善组织——一个帮助有需要的人的组织,致力于帮助孤独(人群)。故选C项。4.D 主旨大意题。根据全文可知针对孤独的问题,在英国,theMinisterofLoneliness被指定去处理孤独引发的问题,帮助处于孤独中的人们。故选D项。B［语篇解读］本文为说明文。文章给读者提出了几条如何在冬日里按时起床的建议。1.G根据下文No,it’sjustwinter,makingthesunriselater,soitwillbetwiceashardtocrawloutofbedintothecolddarkness.（不，现在只是冬天，太阳升起得比较晚，所以从床上爬起来进入寒冷黑暗的环境要困难两倍）可知，G项“但是当你往窗外看时，外面还是黑的”符合此处语境。故G选项正确。2.F根据上文Thatmeansyou’llneedtoputinextraefforttogettoworkontime.（这意味着你需要付出额外的努力才能准时上班）及下文对如何按时起床的建议描述可知，F项“我们有一些建议可能会有帮助”符合此处语境。故F选项正确。3.B根据下文Summerorwinter,youshouldaimtogotobedataboutthesametimeeveryeveningandwakeupataboutthesametimeeverymorning.（无论是夏天还是冬天，你应该每天晚上在同一时间睡觉，每天早上在同一时间醒来）可知，B项“坚持有规律的时间表”符合此处语境。故B选项正确。4.C根据上文Ifyoustillhavetroublewithdarkmornings,itmightbetimetointroducemorelightintoyourroom.（如果你仍然对黑暗的早晨感到困扰，也许是时候给你的房间引入更多的光线了）可知，C项“飞利浦公司制造了一些流行的灯具，在灰色的冬天产生自然光”符合此处语境。故C选项正确。5.D根据上文Giveyourselfsomethingtolookforwardto.（给自己一些期待）及下文butyou’llwanttobeawakeifyouareexpectingadeliciousbreakfast,oraworkoutthatisactually\nfun（但是如果你想要一顿美味的早餐，或者一场真正有趣的锻炼，你就会想要保持清醒）可知，D项“当你有充分的理由保持清醒时，醒来会更容易”符合此处语境。故D选项正确。
