任务型阅读(建议用时:20分钟)1(2022·徐州模拟)Simplyincreasingphysicalactivitylevelsaloneisunlikelytoreducebodyweightinyoungchildren,andthereforewillprobablynotpreventobesity(肥胖),althoughitmaysetthestageforahealthierlifestyle,theresultsofastudyconductedinScotlandsuggest.Instead,acombinationofincreasedphysicalactivityandotherlifestylechangeslikestickingtoahealthydietmaybeneededtostopthetrendofobesity.“Manychildrenareobese,evenatpreschoolage,”DrJohnJ.ReillyfromtheUniversityofGlasgowandhiscolleaguesnoteintheBritishMedicalJournal.Consideringthegenerallackofevidenceonproperwaystopreventobesityinthisagegroup,Reilly’steamhad545childrenfrom36nurseryschoolsinthe“MovementandActivityGlasgowIntervention(干预)inChildren”orMAGICtrial.Thetrialwasspecificallydesignedtoseeifanincreaseinactivitycouldreducebodymassindex(身体质量指数).Eachweekfor24weeksroughlyhalfofthepreschoolers,whowereanaverageof4.2yearsold,participatedinthree30-minuteactiveworkoutswhileatnurseryschoolandtheirparentswereencouragedtoincreasethechild’sactivitylevelsathome.Theotherhalfofthechildren,servingascontrasts,followedtheirusualnurseryschoolschedule.Accordingtotheresearchers,thephysicalactivityinterventionhadnosignificanteffectonbodymassindexofthechildren.However,comparedwithcontrastchildren,interventionchildrenshowgreatergainsinbodymovementskills,which,theresearcherssay,mayincreaseconfidenceinphysicalability,perhapsincreasingtheopportunitiesoffutureparticipationinphysicalactivityorsports.Inaword,Reillyandhiscolleaguessuggestthat“successfulinterventionstopreventobesityinearlychildhoodmayrequirechangesnotjustatnurseryschool,andhome,butinthewiderenvironment.Changesinotherbehaviors,includingdiet,mayalsobenecessary.”TopicWhetherexercisealonecan(1) obesityinyoungchildren.ResearchersDrJohnJ.Reillyandhis(2) fromtheUniversityofGlasgow-6-\nPeopleresearched545childrenfrom36nurseryschoolsProcess◇abouthalfofthepreschoolers(3) 4.2onaverage:◇participatinginactiveworkoutsatnurseryschool◇(4) parentstoincreasetheiractivitieslevelsathometheotherhalf:◇living(5) accordingtothenurseryschoolschedule.(6) ◇Exercisealonehasno(7) onlosingweight.◇Interventionchildrenshowgreatergainsinbody(8) skills,whichcanmakethemmore(9) inphysicalability.◇Successfulinterventionstopreventobesityinearlychildhoodmayrequirechangesinboththe(10) andotherbehaviors,includingdiet.2(2022·南通模拟)Couldyoubelievethattheidealpersonisneverthebestatanything?Ourheadsaresofullofambitionsaboutwealthandpowerthatwespinourwheelsuntilweburnourselvesoutandarelefthopelessandexhausted.Thereisgreatpressuretoattainthehighestlevelofachievement.Bysatisfyingourvanity(虚荣)wedoourselvesmoreharmthangood.TheonlywaytoachievesustainablehappinessistopracticetheGoldenMean(中庸之道).TheideaoftheGoldenMeanhasexistedforthousandsofyears.ItisatthecentreofbothEasternandWesternphilosophyandhasmoreinfluencethantheteachingsofAristotleandConfucius.Theideaissimple.Everyqualityhasextremesatbothends.TheGoldenMeanisthenaturalbalancebetweentheseextremes.Atthisharmoniouspointgoodnessandbeautyareachieved.Socratesusedtheexampleofextremedevotiontoathleticsversus(与……相比)extremedevotiontomusictoillustratethisidea.Theathletebecomesoverlyaggressiveandcruel,whilethemusicianbecomesoverlysoftandwomanish.Theidealissomeonewhopracticesbothathleticsandmusicandacquiresaharmoniousmixtureofbothqualities.ConsideranexamplefrommoderntimesthatI’msureeveryonehasobserved.Thefirstpersonisextremelycareerdriven.Eachdayhefocusesonadvancinghimself.Hespendslonghoursat-6-\ntheoffice,competesmercilesslywithhiscoworkers,andflattershissuperiors.Asaresulthehasalmostnopersonallife.Thesecondperson’sonlypursuitisleisure.Helikestowastetimewithhisfriendswatchingtelevisionandplayingvideogames.Whichofthesepersonsissuperior?Manypeoplewouldargueforthehardworker.Butatsecondglancehislifeisrathercold.Hisobsession(痴迷)withsuccesshasconflictedwithhiscoworkersandlefthimwithoutafamily.Hemaybecomerich,buthowwillheenjoyit?Thesecondmanisnobetter.Hehaswastedhislifeinlaziness.Hehasrefusedtodevelophimselfandexistsasalazybones.Bothmenareworthyofpity.Ithinkwe’dallagreetheidealwouldbesomewhereinbetweenthesetwopeople.SohowdowefindtheabstractGoldenMean?Itallstartswithsettingtherightgoals.Wheneveryoumakeagoalyouneedtodoitwiththerightintention.Don’tsetgoalswiththeintentiontocommandotherpeople.Instead,trytostartwithagoalthatisinbetweentotalselfishnessandtotalselflessness.ThenextsteptoreachingtheGoldenMeanisknowingyourlimits.Youneedtoknowwhenonemoreprojectisgoingtostressyouout.Theideaistomaintainbalanceatalltimes.AnothersteptoachievingtheGoldenMeanisbeingawareofyourpersonalneeds.Sureweneedmoneyandsuccess,buthavinggoodrelationshipswithfriendsandfamilyisjustasimportant.IknowtheGoldenMeanishardtoliveby,butitisthekeytofindingyourinnerconfidence.BenFranklinsaid,“Thewisekeeplearningfromthemistakesofothers,fools,scarcelyfromtheirown.”Nexttimeyoufindyourselfwillingtodoanythingtobethebestofthebest,takeamomenttoreconsider.Youmayfinditisbettertobethebest“you”youcanbe.WhatistheGoldenMean?PassageoutlinePassagedetailsProblemsandsolution◇We(1) somuchaboutwealthandpowerthatwecanburnourselvesout.◇Peopleareinpursuitoftheirextremesundergreat(2) .◇TheonlywaytosolvetheseproblemsistopracticetheGoldenMean.ExplanationoftheGoldenMeanTheGoldenMeanisthenatural(3) betweentheseextremeswhichexistatbothendsofeveryquality.Supporting(4) ◇By(5) theathleteandthemusician,Socratesbelievestheideal-6-\npersonshouldacquireaharmoniousmixtureofbothqualities.◇Thecareer-drivenpersonis(6) tohisofficework,competingwithhiscolleaguesandflatteringhissupervisors.Theleisure-seekingpersonwasteshislifeinlaziness.Bothdeservepity.(7) toachievingtheGoldenMean◇Settherightgoals,whichareneithertotallyselfishnortotally(8) .◇Knowyourlimitsand(9) balanceatalltimes.◇Knowyourpersonalneeds.Moneyandsuccessareneeded,buthavinggoodrelationshipswithothersalso(10) .答案解析11.【解析】prevent。此题属于原文词汇。本题考查学生对文中第一段“thereforewillprobablynotpreventobesity”信息识别能力。2.【解析】colleagues。此题属于原文词汇。本题考查学生对文中第三段“DrJohnJ.ReillyfromtheUniversityofGlasgowandhiscolleagues”信息识别能力。3.【解析】aged。此题属于转换词汇中的词组转换。本题考查学生对文中第四段“roughlyhalfofthepreschoolers,whowereanaverageof4.2yearsold”理解和运用能力。此题aged4.2相当于of4.2yearsold。4.【解析】encouraging。此题属于转换词汇中的词形转换。本题考查学生对文中第四段“andtheirparentswereencouragedtoincreasethechild’sactivitylevelsathome.”理解和运用能力。根据表格上一行的participating,可知此空应填encouraging。5.【解析】normally。此题属于转换词汇中的句型转换。本题考查学生对文中第四段“Theotherhalfofthechildren,servingascontrasts,followedtheirusualnurseryschoolschedule.”理解和概括能力。6.【解析】Conclusion。此题属于概括性词汇。本题考查学生对于表格右侧内容的高度概括能力。7.【解析】effect。此题属于原文词汇。本题考查学生对文章倒数第三段“thephysicalactivity-6-\ninterventionhadnosignificanteffectonbodymassindexofthechildren.”信息识别能力。8.【解析】movement。此题属于原文词汇。本题考查学生对文章倒数第二段“interventionchildrenshowgreatergainsinbodymovementskills”信息识别能力。9.【解析】confident。此题属于转换词汇中的词形转换。本题考查学生对于文章倒数第二段“mayincreaseconfidenceinphysicalability”理解和运用能力。原文confidence作动词increase的宾语,此题confident作them的补足语。前面说过,“make+名词/代词+形容词”是一个常用句型。10.【解析】environment。此题属于原文词汇。本题考查学生对于文章最后一段“butinthewiderenvironment.”信息识别能力。21.【解析】expect/desire。此题属于转换词汇中的词组转换。本题考查学生对文中第一段“Ourheadsaresofullofambitionsaboutwealthandpower”理解和运用能力。此处将beofambitionsabout换成了expect/desire。2.【解析】pressure。此题属于原文词汇。本题考查学生对文中第二段“Thereisgreatpressuretoattainthehighestlevelofachievement.”信息识别能力。3.【解析】balance。此题属于原文词汇。本题考查学生对文中第三段“TheGoldenMeanisthenaturalbalancebetweentheseextremes.”信息识别能力。4.【解析】examples。此题属于原文/概括性词汇。本题考查学生对表格右栏信息的高度概括能力。当然,此题也可从文中“Socratesusedtheexampleof”得到暗示。5.【解析】comparing。此题属于转换词汇中的词组转换。本题考查学生对文中“versus(与……相比)”理解与运用能力。6.【解析】devoted/dedicated/committed。此题属于转换词汇中的词组转换。本题考查学生对文中“Eachdayhefocusesonadvancinghimself.Hespendslonghoursattheoffice”信息理解和运用能力。7.【解析】Steps。此题属于概括性/原文词汇。本题考查学生对表格右侧信息的高度概括能力。当然,此题也可从“ThenextsteptoreachingtheGoldenMean”得到暗示。8.【解析】selfless。此题属于转换词汇中的词形转换。本题考查学生对文中“trytostartwithagoalthatisinbetweentotalselfishnessandtotalselflessness.”理解和运用能力。此处将selflessness转换成了形容词。9.【解析】maintain/keep。此题属于原文词汇。本题考查学生对文中“Theideaistomaintainbalanceatalltimes.”信息识别能力。10.【解析】counts/matters。此题属于转换词汇中的句型转换。本题考查学生对文中“havinggood-6-\nrelationshipswithfriendsandfamilyisjustasimportant.”理解和运用能力。count意思是“重要”,注意此处的主谓一致。-6-
