2022高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项50-33AAchildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinalmostthesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesasformaltexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualsituationofthetimeandthechild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimormakinghimsadthinking.Toprovethelatter,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftensorryforcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Astofears,thereare,Ithink,somecasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarises(出现)fromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc.donotexist;andthat,insteadofbeingfondofthestrangesideinfairytales,thechildshouldbetaughttolearntherealitybystudyinghistory.Ifindsuchpeople,Imustsaysopeculiar(奇怪的)thatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircaseweresound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonastickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirbelovedgirl-friend.Nofairystoryeverdeclaredtobeadescriptionoftherealworldandnocleverchildhaseverbelievedthatitwas.1.Theauthorconsidersthatafairystoryismoreeffectivewhenitis______.A.repeatedwithoutanychange B.treatedasajokeC.madesomechangesbytheparent D.setinthepresent答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节推理题。由第一段的“Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualsituationofthetimeandthechild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.”可知，作者认为如果父母讲神话故事结合小孩所在的真实时间情况，而不仅仅是从故事书上读故事，效果更好。故答案为C，即父母如果对神话故事作一些变化，更有效。解答此题要注意同一意思的不同表达。2.Accordingtothepassage,greatfearcantakeplaceinachildwhenthestoryis_______.A.inarealisticsetting B.heardforthefirsttimeC.repeatedtoooften D.toldinadifferentway答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。由第二段“Astofears,thereare,Ithink,somecasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,5\nthisarisesfromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.”可知，作者认为如果故事只讲了一遍，小孩会产生恐惧感。故答案为B。3.Theadvantageclaimed(提出)forrepeatingfairystoriestoyoungchildrenisthatit_______.A.makesthemlessfearfulB.developstheirpowerofmemoryC.makesthembelievethereisnothingtobeafraidofD.encouragesthemnottohavestrangebeliefs答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推理题。由第二段的最后一句话“Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.”可知，作者认为不断的重复故事可以让小孩变得熟悉(familiarity)故事,这样恐惧的痛苦（painoffear）就会变成恐惧的快乐（pleasureofafear），故答案为A。B，D在文章中未提及；C选项“让小孩相信没有什么可害怕的”意思与此不符，且此答案显得绝对。4.Theauthor’smentionofsticksandtelephonesismeanttosuggestthat______.A.fairystoriesarestillbeingmadeupB.thereissomemisunderstandingaboutfairytalesC.peopletrytomodernizeoldfairystoriesD.thereismoreconcernforchildren'sfearsnowadays答案解析：答案为B。本题为推断题。从第三段“…Iftheircaseweresound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonastickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirbelovedgirl-friend.”和第四段“Nofairystoryeverdeclaredtobeadescriptionoftherealworldandnocleverchildhaseverbelievedthatitwas.”可知，作者的观点是神话故事不是对现实世界的描述，没有哪个聪明的小孩相信它们是真的。故答案为B，作者用sticksandtelephones来证明一些人对神话故事存在误解。5.Oneofthereasonswhysomepeoplearenotinfavoroffairytalesisthat_______.A.theyarefullofimaginationB.theyjustmakeupthestorieswhicharefarfromthetruthC.theyarenotinterestingD.theymaketeachersofhistorydifficulttoteach答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。从第三段的首句“Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc.donotexist…”可知，也有人反对神话故事是因为它们不是客观真实的，故答案为B。解答此题同样要注意同义句的转换，“notinfavorof”与objectto同义；”notobjectivelytrue”与“farfromthetruth”同义。B5\nWiththepossibleexceptionofequalrights,perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty(死刑).Manyarguethatitisaneffectivedeterrent(威慑)tomurder,whileothersthinkthereisnoenoughproofthatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.Theargumentadvancedbythoseopposed（反对）tothedeathpenaltyisthatitiscruelandinhumanpunishment,thatitistilemarkofabadsocietyandfinallythatitisofquestionableeffectivenessasadeterrenttocrime(罪行)anyway.Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryaction.Throughoutrecordedhistorytherehavealwaysbeenthosepeculiarpersonsineverysocietywhomadeterriblecrimessuchasmurder.Butsomearemoredangerousthanothers.Forexample,itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherintimeofblindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplanandcarryoutthemurderofoneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.Thus,murder,likeallothercrimes,isamatterofdifferentdegree.Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.Thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimemaybeopentodiscussion.Butthemajorityofpeoplebelievethatthedeathpenaltyprotectsthem.Theirbeliefisprovedbythefactthatthedeathpenaltypreventsmurder.Forexample,from1954to1963,whenthedeathpenaltywascarriedoutfromtimetotimeinCalifornia,themurderrateremainedbetweenthreeandfourmurdersforeach100,000population.Since1964thedeathpenaltyhasbeendoneonlyonce,andthemurderratehasrisento10.4murdersforeach100,000population.Thesharpclimbinthestate'smurderrate,whichbeganwhenkillingsstopped,doesnothappenbychance.Itcertainlyshowsthatthedeathpenaltydoesdetermanymurderers.Ifthelawaboutdeathpenaltyisvetoed(否决),somepeoplewillbemurdered-somewhoselivesmayhavebeensavedifthedeathpenaltywereineffect.Thisisreallyalifeordeathmatter.Thelivesofthousandsofpeoplemustbeprotected.1.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto_____.A.speakforthemajority B.supportavetoC.speakillofthegovernment D.argueforthevalueofthedeathpenalty答案解析：答案为D。本题为文章的主旨大意题。由第一段的“Manyarguethat…,whileothersthink...”和最后一段的首句“Thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimemaybeopentodiscussion.”可知，本文讨论死刑的价值。2.WhichofthefollowingisamongtheheatedargumentsacrosstheUSAbesidesdeathpenalty?A.Airpollution.B.ThewaragainstIraq.C.Equalrights.D.Electionofpresident.5\n答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。从第一段的首句“Withthepossibleexceptionofequalrights,perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty(死刑).”可知，除了人权问题，在美国讨论最热烈的问题是死刑。3.Thenumbersinthelastparagraphshowthat______.A.iftheysticktodeathpenalty,thenumberofmurderswillbereducedB.deathpenaltyalmoststoppedfrom1954to1963C.thepopulationofCaliforniahasrisenD.deathpenaltyisoflittlevalue答案解析：答案为A。本题为推理题。从最后一段的第二句“Butthemajorityofpeoplebelievethatthedeathpenaltyprotectsthem.”和最后三句“Ifthelawaboutdeathpenaltyisvetoed(否决),somepeoplewillbemurdered-somewhoselivesmayhavebeensavedifthedeathpenaltywereineffect.Thisisreallyalifeordeathmatter.Thelivesofthousandsofpeoplemustbeprotected.”都是在强调死刑可以保护人的生命，故答案为A,如果国家坚持死刑，谋杀案件的数目会减少。由本段的第四句话“Forexample,from1954to1963,whenthedeathpenaltywascarriedoutfromtimetotimeinCalifornia…”可知，1954年到1963年期间，死刑时不时地在California执行，并不是废除了，故选项B错误。C选项在文中未提及，D选项与本段的中心意思违背。4.Itcanbeinferredthatthewriterthinksthat______.A.thedeathpenaltyisthemostimportantproblemintheUnitedStatestodayB.thesecondtypeofmurderers(inParagraph4)shouldbesentencedtodeathC.thevetoofthelawaboutdeathpenaltyisoflittleimportanceD.thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimeisnottobediscussed答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。细读第四段，由“itisonething…blindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplan…inthestyleofabutcher.Thus,murder…isamatterofdifferentdegree.Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.”可知，作者认为谋杀分为“blindanger（盲目的愤怒）”和“coldlyplan…inthestyleofabutcher（冷酷的屠夫式的谋杀），谋杀的程度不一样，如果是第一种就仅仅让谋杀者与社会隔离即可，而不是后一种谋杀者的命运，言外之意就是后一种谋杀应该判死刑。故答案为B。结合前面几题的分析，第一段作者认为除了人权问题，在美国讨论最热烈的问题是死刑。故选项A错误。从最后一段倒数第三句话“Ifthelawaboutdeathpenaltyisvetoed,somepeoplewillbemurdered-somewhoselivesmayhavebeensavedifthedeathpenaltywereineffect.”可知，如果死刑被否决，一些本可以挽救的生命就会被谋杀，可见死刑的否决对保护人的生命有着重要的意义，C选项的意思与此相反，故错误。D选项与最后一段的首句“Thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimemaybeopentodiscussion.”表达相反，故错误。5\n5
