2022高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项50-36ARedheadedbirthdayboyJakeBalcom,newly11,walkedintotheprincipal’sofficeatCentennialLaneElementarySchoolinEllicottCityreadyforhisbigsurprise.Hisnamehadbeenannouncedovertheloudspeakermomentsearlier.Todaywasgoingtobespecial.Backintheday—like,beforefifthgrade—Jake’sparentswouldbringcupcakestoschoolinhishonor.Butthisyear,forthefirsttime,hisHowardCountyschoolhasforbiddenparentsfrombringing“edibletreats”forstudents’birthdays.Thatmeansnomorecupcakes,brownies,chocolatechipcookies,birthdaycake,icecream,RiceKrispiestreatsorpizza.Instead,JakegotahandshakefromPrincipalRobertBruceandacolorfulpencilandacard.“Wehopethatyouhaveaterrificbirthday,”thecardread.Jakejustsmiled,andwentbacktoclass.CentennialLaneispartofamovementacrosstheWashingtonareaandthecountrytotakethebattleagainstchildhoodobesitytooneofeducation’smostbelovedfunctions:theschoolparty.Butsomeareworriedthatthefightisgoingonesteptoofar—andtakingsomeofthefunoutofbeingakid.Schools,wheremanychildreneattwooftheirday’smeals,arebeingpushedtothefrontlinesofthebattleagainstkiddybulge.Afederallawrequiresschoolstocreatewellnesspoliciesthatencouragestudentstobemoreactiveandeatmorehealthfully.SomeschoolsinVirginiahavestartedexerciseclubs.InMaryland,schoolsarecrackingdownonvending-machinejunkfood.AccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDCP),theproportionofoverweightchildrenages6to11hasskyrocketedinrecentdecades,from7percentin1980to16percentin2022.Among12to19-year-olds,therateofobesitymorethantripled,from5percentto16percent.Healthofficialshavecalledobesityapandemic(流行病).AtCentennialLane,theprincipalsaidsomeparentshavecomplainedabouttheschool’snewpolicy,andothershaveadaptedbybringinginnonfoodtreats—suchasrulersorerasers.JakeBalcomsaidhemissedbringingtreatstoschool.Buthewasn’ttoobotheredbytheirabsencebecausehehadcelebratedhisbirthdaywithfriends.Theywenttoseethemovie“Wallace&Gromit:TheCurseoftheWere-Rabbit”andsharedhisbirthdaycakeathishouse.1.WhatisJakeBalcom’sreactiontohisgiftsforhis11-year-oldbirthdayfromhisschool?5\nA.Hefeltpuzzledbythegiftsquitedifferentfromtheformerones.B.Healmostfeltthesameasbeforebecausehehadcelebratedhisbirthdaywithfriends.C.Hepreferredchocolatechipcookies,birthdaycake,icecreamthanpencilsandcards.D.Hewouldratherhaveabirthdaypartythanahandshakefromtheprincipal.答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节推理题。由第四段“Jakejustsmiled,andwentbacktoclass.”和最后一段“Buthewasn’ttoobotheredbytheirabsencebecausehehadcelebratedhisbirthdaywithfriends.”可知，答案为B。2.Theunderlinedphrase“kiddybulge”(inParagraph6)means“______”.A.parents’giftsB.childrne’spartiesC.kids’overweightD.children’sexercises答案解析：答案为C。本题为词义推测题。结合该词所在的下文“…thatencouragestudentstobemoreactiveandeatmorehealthfully.SomeschoolsinVirginiahavestartedexerciseclubs.InMaryland,schoolsarecrackingdownonvending-machinejunkfood.”和下一段的首句“…theproportionofoverweightchildrenages6to11….”可知，答案为C。3.WhichofthefollowingisTUREaccordingtothepassage?A.Parentsallagreethatthefightagainstchildhoodobesityisgoingtoofar.B.AccordingtoCDCP,theproportionofoverweightchildrenhashadatendencyofincreasing.C.Forthisyear’sHalloweenparty,kidscanenjoywhattheylikeasusual.D.JakeBalcomisaprimaryschoolpupilinfourthgrade.答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。由倒数第三段的数据“…from7percentin1980to16percentin2022.Among12to19-year-olds,therateofobesitymorethantripled,from5percentto16percent...”可知，肥胖儿童的比例已经呈现增长趋势，故答案B正确。由第五段“…totakethebattleagainstchildhoodobesitytooneofeducation’smostbelovedfunctions:theschoolparty.Butsomeareworriedthatthefightisgoingonesteptoofar—andtakingsomeofthefunoutofbeingakid.”可知，选项A错误。由第二段“Thatmeansnomorecupcakes,brownies,chocolatechipcookies,birthdaycake,icecream,RiceKrispiestreatsorpizza.Instead,JakegotahandshakefromPrincipalRobertBruceandacolorfulpencilandacard.”可知，选项C错误。由第二段首句“Backintheday—like,beforefifthgrade—Jake’sparentswouldbringcupcakestoschoolinhishonor.”可推理，五年级之前的四年级，父母会带cupcakes到学校，可见Jake5\nBalcom现在应该是五年级的学生了。故选项D错误。4.WhichofthefollowingisthemeasuretakenbytheCentennialLaneElementarySchool?A.Startingexerciseclubs.B.Crackingdownonvending-machinejunkfood.C.Forbiddingparentsfromtakingthefoodtotheschool.D.Takingallthefunoutofbeingakid.答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。题干对CentennialLaneElementarySchool所采取的措施提问。由第二段“…hasforbiddenparentsfrombringing“edibletreats”forstudents’birthdays.”和第五段“CentennialLaneispartofamovement…”可知，C选项正确。由第六段“SomeschoolsinVirginiahavestartedexerciseclubs.InMaryland,schoolsarecrackingdownonvending-machinejunkfood.”可知，选项A，B错误。第五段最后一句话提到“Butsomeareworriedthatthefightisgoingonesteptoofar—andtakingsomeofthefunoutofbeingakid.”，故选项D错误。BApopularsayinggoes,“Sticksandstonesmaybreakmybones,butwordswillneverhurtme.”However,that’snotreallytrue.Wordshavethepowertobuildusuportearusdown.Itdoesn’tmatterifthewordscomefromsomeoneelse’sorourselves---thepositiveandnegativeeffectsarejustaslasting. Wealltalktoourselvessometimes.We’reusuallytooembarrassedtoadmitit,though.Infact,wereallyshouldn’tbebecausemoreandmoreexpertsbelievetalkingtoourselvesoutloudisahealthyhabit.This“self-talk”helpsusmotivateourselves,rememberthings,solveproblems,andcalmourselvesdown.Beaware,though,thatasmuchas77%ofself-talktendstobenegative.Soinordertostaypositive,weshouldonlyspeakwordsofencouragementtoourselves.Weshouldalsobequicktogiveourselvesapatontheback.Thenexttimeyoufinishaproject,dowellinatest,orfinallycleanyourroom,joinmeinsaying“Goodjob!”Often,wordscomeoutofourmouthswithoutusthinkingabouttheeffecttheywillhave.Butweshouldbeawarethatourwordscausecertainresponsesinothers.Forexample,whenreturninganitemtoastore,wemightusewarm,friendlylanguageduringtheexchange.Andtheclerkwillprobablyrespondinasimilarmanner.Orharsh（刻薄的）andcriticallanguagewillmostlikelycausetheclerktobedefensive.Wordspossesspowerbecauseoftheirlastingeffect.Manyofusregretsomethingweoncesaid.Andwerememberunkindwordssaidtous!Beforespeaking,weshould5\nalwaysaskourselves:Isitloving?Isitneeded?Ifwhatwewanttosaydoesn’tpassthistest,thenit’sbetterleftunsaid.Wordspossesspower:bothpositiveandnegative.Thosearoundusreceiveencouragementwhenwespeakpositively.Wecanofferhope,buildself-esteem（自尊）andmotivateotherstodotheirbest.Negativewordsdestroyallthosethings.Willweuseourwordstohurtortoheal?Thechoiceisours.1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat________.A.wordshavealastingeffectonus B.notsticksandstonesbutwordswillhurtus C.inspiringwordsgiveusconfidence D.negativewordsmayletusdown 答案解析：答案为A。本题考查段落大意。段落大意一般通过段落的topicsentence来体现，第一段的最后一句话“…thepositiveandnegativeeffectsarejustaslasting.”即为该段的topicsentence,故A选项正确.。2.Thereisnosenseforustofeelembarrassedwhenwetalktoourselvesbecause_______.A.itdoesnoharmtohave“self-talk”whenwearealoneB.almosteverybodyhasthehabitoftalkingtothemselvesC.wecanbenefitfromtalkingtoourselvesD.talkingtoourselvesalwaysgivesuscourage答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由第三段“This“self-talk”helpsusmotivateourselves,rememberthings,solveproblems,andcalmourselvesdown.Beaware,though,thatasmuchas77%ofself-talktendstobenegative.Soinordertostaypositive,weshouldonlyspeakwordsofencouragementtoourselves.”可知，虽然77%的自言自语是消极的，但是自言自语可以激发我们，帮助我们记住事情、解决问题和使我们保持镇定。为了保持积极，我们对自己应该只讲鼓励的话语。由此可推断，自言自语让我们收益。故C选项正确，A选项错误。B选项只是一种现象，不是原因，D选项显得绝对，故均不选。3．Theunderlinedpartinthethirdparagraphmeansthatweshouldalsooccasionally_______.A.giveourselvesamusement B.praiseourselves C.remindourselves D.makeourselvesrelaxed 5\n答案解析：答案为B。本题为句意推断题。结合划线部分的下文“Thenexttimeyoufinishaproject,dowellinatest,orfinallycleanyourroom,joinmeinsaying‘Goodjob!’”可知，当我们完成了任务，考试考得好，或者打扫完房间后，要对自己说“干得好！”，故可推断划线部分应该意为表扬我们自己。4．Theauthorwouldprobablyholdtheviewthat_________.A.itisbettertothinktwicebeforetalkingtoothers B.encouragingwordsaresuretoleadtokindoffersC.negativewordsmaystimulateustomakemoreprogressD.peopletendtorememberfriendlywords答案解析：答案为A。由倒数第二段“Beforespeaking,weshouldalwaysaskourselves:Isitloving?Isitneeded?Ifwhatwewanttosaydoesn’tpassthistest,thenit’sbetterleftunsaid.”可知，作者认为在我们讲话前要想一想所讲的话受人喜欢吗？受人需要吗？如果不是这样，就最好不要讲。再结合最后一段，话语有着积极和消极的力量，因此我们讲话一定要小心。故答案为A，最好三思而后言。5
