2022高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项50-35ADuringtimesoftrouble,FranklinDelanoRooseveltspokefromasmallroomwithoutafireplaceintheWhiteHousebasementtomillionsofAmericans.Inhiscalmandconversationalmanner,hereassured（使……恢复信心）thenationinthedepthsoftheGreatDepression（大萧条）andthroughaWorldWar.SaulBellowdescribedhisownexperienceoflisteningtoPresidentRoosevelt,holdthenationtogether,usingonlyaradioandthepowerofhispersonality.“IcanrecallwalkingeastwardontheChicagoMidway…drivershadpulledover,parkingbumpertobumper,andturnedontheirradiostohearRoosevelt.Theyhadrolleddownthewindowsandopenedthecardoors.Everywherethesamevoice,itsoddEasternaccent,whichinanyoneelsewouldhaveangeredMidwesterners.Youcouldfollowwithoutmissingasinglewordasyouwalkedby.Youfeltjoinedtotheseunknowndrivers,menandwomen…”ThenationneededtheassuranceofthoseFiresideChats,thefirstofwhichwasdeliveredonMarch12,1933.Betweenaquarterandathirdoftheworkforcewasunemployed.EverybankinAmericahadbeenclosedforatleasteightdays.It’shardforustoimagine.ItwasthehardesttimeoftheGreatDepression.The“Fireside”wassymbolic（象征性的;mostofthechatscamefromasmallroomintheWhiteHousebasement.FrancesPerkins,Roosevelt’sSecretaryofLabor,describedthechangethatwouldcomeoverhimjustbeforethebroadcasts:“Hisfacewouldsmileandlightupasthoughhewereactuallysittingonthefrontporch(门廊)orintheparlorwiththem.Peoplefeltthis,andcametorespectandlovehim.”Inthatfirstradiovisit,Rooseveltbeganbyexplaininghowthebankingsystemworked:“Whenyouputmoneyinabank,thebankdoesnotplacethemoneyintoasafe—depositvault（金库房.Itinvestsyourmoneyinmanydifferentformsofcredit—bonds,mortgages.”Hewentontoannouncethatthebankswouldreopenthenextday.1.Themainpurposeofthearticleisto.A.giveexamplesofthepowerofradiobroadcastingB.makepeopleexaminetheirattitudestowardmoneyC.suggestthatRooseveltwasAmerica’sgreatestpresidentD.showhowRooseveltreassuredAmericansduringhardtimes5\n答案解析：答案为D。本题为主旨大意题。纵观全文，本文主要讲述美国总统罗斯福在困难时期如何恢复人们的信心。第一段为本文的中心段落，后面的内容都是围绕本段展开。故答案为D。2.Accordingtothearticle,theFiresideChatsraisedthehopesofAmericansbecausePresidentRoosevelt.A.spoketotheminafriendlyandconfidenttoneB.explainedtothemhowtoinvesttheirmoneyC.wasopenabouthisownfearsforthecountryD.usedhumortodrawtheirattentionawayfromtheirproblems答案解析：答案为A。本文为细节题。从第一段的第二句话“Inhiscalmandconversationalmanner,....”可知，与此意思最接近的就是选项A。3.Thename“FiresideChats”wasprobablyintendedto.A.demandlistenerstoprotectresourcesB.encouragespiriteddiscussionamonglistenersC.requestpeopletodesireforhopeandreassuranceD.persuadeAmericanstotalkwiththeirfamilies答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。从文章第四段首句“ThenationneededtheassuranceofthoseFiresideChats,thefirstofwhichwasdeliveredonMarch12,1933.”可知，FiresideChats主要是帮助人们恢复希望和信心。故答案为C。4.SaulBellow’sdescriptionofhisownexperienceoflisteningtoPresidentRooseveltshows.A.howpopularandencouragingRoosevelt’sFiresideChatswereB.howeasilyRoosevelt’sFiresideChatscouldbeunderstoodC.whatgreatinterestgeneralpublictookinnationalaffairsD.whatahardlifeAmericanshadinGreatDepression答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推断题。从文章第二段“…holdthenationtogether,...”和倒数第二段““Hisfacewouldsmileandlightupasthoughhewereactuallysittingonthefrontporch(门廊)orintheparlorwiththem.Peoplefeltthis,andcametorespectandlovehim.”可知，罗斯福的FiresideChats受到人们的欢迎，并鼓舞着人们。B5\nEnglishhasbecometheworld'snumberonelanguageinthe20thcentury.IneverycountrywhereEnglishisnotthenativelanguage,especiallyintheThirdWorld,peoplemuststrivetolearnittothebestoftheirabilities,iftheywanttoparticipatefullyinthedevelopmentoftheircountries.ButmanypeopleareconcernedthatEnglish'sdominance(优势地位)willdestroynativelanguages. Acloseexaminationreveals（显示）agreatnumberoflanguageshavefallencasualtytoEnglish.Forexample,ithaswipedoutHawaiian,Welsh,ScotchGaelic,Irish,nativeAmericanlanguages,andmanyothers.Luckily,someoftheselanguagesarenowbeingrevived（复苏）,suchasHawaiianandWelsh,andtheselanguageswillliveagain,hopefully,ifdedicatedpeoplecontinuetheirworkofrevivingthem.InthecaseofWelsh,itsrevivalissosuccessfulthatthelanguageisnowbeingusedasamediumofinsturctioninschoolsanduniversitiesinWales.ManyleadersoftheseThirdWorldcountriesareobsessedwith(被迷住)EnglishandforthemEnglishiseverything.TheyseemtobelievethatifthestudentsspeakEnglish,theyarealreadyknowledgeable.TheseleadersspeakandwriteEnglishmuchbetterthantheirnationallanguages.IftheseleadersdeliverspeechesanywhereintheworldtheyuseEnglishandtheyfeelmoreathomewithitandproudoftheirabilityaswell.Thecitizensoftheircountriesdonotunderstandtheirleaders'speechesbecausetheyaremadeinaforeignlanguage. Allthegreatestcountriesoftheworldaregreatbecausetheyconstantlyusetheirownlanguagesinallnationaldevelopmentactivities,includingeducation.Fromapsychologicalpointofview,thosewhoaretaughtintheirownlanguagefromthestartwilldevelopbetterselfconfidenceandself-reliance.Fromalinguisticpointofview,thebestbrainscanonlybeproducedifstudentsareeducatedintheirownlanguagefromthestart.Thosewhoaretaughtinaforeignlanguagefromthestartwilltendtobeimitatorsandlackself-confidence.Theywilltendtorelyonforeignconsultants. Thereisnothingwrong,however,inlearningaforeignlanguageatadvancedlevelsofeducation.Butthebestthingtodoistohaveagoodeducationinone'snativelanguagefirst,thengoabroadtohaveauniversityeducationinaforeignlanguage.1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisprobably_________.A.tostressthepositionofEnglishB.toappealtheprotectionofnativelanguagesC.toshowtheimportanceofgraspingEnglishforemployees5\nD.todemonstrate(阐述)Englishistheworld’snumberonelanguage答案解析：答案为B。本题为主旨题。虽是对第一段的大意提问，但实则是对全文的中心进行定位。考生要确定第一段的主题句（topicsentence）.是第一句话“Englishhasbecometheworld'snumberonelanguageinthe20thcentury.”还是该段的最后一句话“ButmanypeopleareconcernedthatEnglish'sdominancewilldestroynativelanguages.”？即作者关注的问题是英语还是本国语言？略读后文可知，由于更多的国家讲英语，很多其他语言已经消失，然而也有一些语言在复苏，同时也谈到了母语对国家和个人的作用。因此，本文的重心是关注本国语言。故答案为B。2.TherevivalofHawaiianandWelshshowsanylanguagewillliveifit________.A.isagainstforeignlanguageB.isusedasamediumineducationC.istaughtinschoolsD.isdonebydedicatedpeople答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节题。从第二段“...andtheselanguageswillliveagain,hopefully,ifdedicatedpeoplecontinuetheirworkofrevivingthem.”可知，答案为D。3.Theunderlinedexpressioninparagraphthreeprobablyrefersto_________A.theyaresuretouseEnglishbetterwiththeirfamiliesB.theyuseEnglishbetterintheircountriesthaninforeigncountriesC.theirnativelanguageispoorerthantheirEnglishD.theyarenotafraidthatcriticalaudiencefindtheirerrors答案解析：答案为B。本题为句意推断题。理解该句需要结合上下文。由划线部分的前一句话“TheseleadersspeakandwriteEnglishmuchbetterthantheirnationallanguages.”可知，这些领导用英语讲话和写作比用本国语言要好，因此可以推断，他们用英语发表演讲的时候，会感觉运用自如.故答案为B。本题的混淆选项C选项“他们的本国语言比英语要差”强调的是本国语言，而划线部分强调的是领导人的英语运用能力。4.Intheopinionofthewriter,whichstatementbelowisNOTtrue?A.Anativelanguagehasgreateffectonthedevelopmentofanation.B.Theearlierapersonlearnsaforeignlanguage,thegreaterhisabilitywillbe.C.Learningaforeignlanguageshouldbearrangedinalatertime.D.Thenativelanguagewillgreatlyinfluenceone’slife.答案解析：答案为B。本题为推断题。从倒数第二段首句“Allthegreatestcountriesoftheworldaregreatbecausetheyconstantlyusetheirownlanguagesinall5\nnationaldevelopmentactivities,includingeducation.”可知，所有伟大的国家之所以伟大是因为他们在发展国家的时候使用了本国语言，故答案A正确。从倒数第二段后部分内容可知，从心理学的角度讲，一开始就学习母语的人会更自信，更独立；从语言学的角度讲，大脑只有在最开始学母语的情况下才能发展最好；而一开始就学外语的人会变成模仿者并缺乏自信。可以推断，作者认为母语对人的生活有影响，外语学习应该安排在后面，而不是越早学外语，一个人的能力就越强。故C、D正确，B错误。5
