高考英语能力测试基础训练15构词法构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的，只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。所以我们在学习英语词汇的时候一定要灵活学习和掌握，随时准备应付所出现的情况。Ⅰ.单项填空1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.A.care B.carefulC.careless D.carelessness2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild，sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death3.Thechildlooked________athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sadlyD.sad4.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.A.chemistryB.chemicalC.chemistD.physician5.Thethree-________chairisn’tsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff.A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged6.Stephensonbecamethe________railwayengineerintheworld.A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership7.Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem，Jacklooked________aboutathisclassmates.A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely8.Toeveryone’s________，thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.A.satisfiedB.satisfactoryC.satisfyingD.satisfaction9.—Whatareyoudoinghere?—Oh，myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout________inEnglish.7\n—Youcanwrite________passageinEnglish?A.600words；a600-words B.600-word；a600-wordsC.600words；a600-word D.600words；a600-words10.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.A.permitB.permissionC.permittingD.permittence11.Youmustcomewithustothepolice________.Ourheadiswaitingforyou.A.headquartersB.headlineC.headmasterD.headache12.Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident；youdidit________.A.intendB.intentionC.intentionallyD.intentional13.Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswitha________smile.A.practiceB.practiseC.practicalD.practiced14.The________orderedhimtopaya$100fine.A.judgerB.judgmentC.judgeD.judgement15.MyTVisoutoforder.Canyoutellmewhatisthe________newsaboutIraqWar?A.latelyB.latestC.laterD.latter16.TheGreatWallismorethan6000liin________.A.longerB.lengthC.longD.longing17.Tomy________，Ipassedtheexameasily.A.joyB.joyfulC.joylessD.joyness18.Canadaismainlyan________country.A.English-speakingB.speak-EnglishC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken19.How________heis!Heisalwaysacting________.Heisreallya________.A.foolish；foolishly；foolB.fool；foolish；foolC.foolish；fool；foolD.foolishly；foolish；fool20.Thenecklacethatshelostisveryexpensive.It’sofgreat________.A.valuableB.valueC.valuelessD.unvaluable21.Therewere________fishintheriverinSouthAmerica.7\nA.indangerB.dangerC.dangerousD.dangerless22.Theletter“b”intheword“doubt”is________.A.soundB.silentC.silenceD.sounded23.Thechildlookedatme________.A.strangerB.strangelyC.strangeD.strangeless24.Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheir________bravely.A.freeB.freelyC.freedomD.frees25.Whatyousaidsounded________butinfactitwasuntrue.A.reasonableB.reasonfulC.reasonlessD.unreason26.Wehavetolearn________technologyfromothercountries.A.advanceB.advancingC.advantageD.advanced27.Thechildrenliveinavillage________.Theycomeherealmosteveryday.A.nearbyB.nearC.nearlyD.nearby28.MrBlackisan________inthearmy，notan________inthegovernment.Youcannoteasilyfindhiminhis________.A.official；officer；officeB.officer；office；officialC.official；official；officialD.officer；official；office29.You’dbettergiveupsmokingifyouwanttokeep________.A.healthB.healthyC.healthilyD.healthier30.________speaking，Ididn’tdoitonpurpose.A.HonestlyB.HonestC.HonestyD.Dishonest31.Itsoundslikeagoodplan，buttherearesome________difficultiesincarryingitout.A.practicedB.practicalC.practiceD.practicing32.Hisfatherpossessesa________factory，whichdoesmostofthepollutiontothisriver.A.paper-makeB.paper-makingC.papers-madeD.paper-made33.Marxlefthishomelandforsome________reasons.A.politicallyB.politicsC.politicalD.politician7\n34.It’s________topersuadehimtogiveupsmoking.He’sverystubborn.A.possibleB.possiblyC.impossibleD.impossibility35.Dancaughttwo________birdsinthewoodlastweekandtheyarestill________inthecage.A.alive；liveB.live；liveC.live；aliveD.alive；alive36.Thedoctorsaidthattheoldman’sconditionwas________andthattheyhadtriedtheirbest.A.hopeB.hopedC.hopefulD.hopeless37.Annfeltso________thatshecouldhardlyopenhereyes.A.sleepyB.asleepC.sleepD.sleeping38.Westoodthere________atthe________sight.A.frightened；frightfulB.frightening；frightfulC.fright；frighteningD.frightful；fright39.Thedoctor’sadvice________himfromdrinkingandsmoking.A.encouragedB.couragedC.encouragementD.discouraged40.I’dliketobuyahouse，modern，comfortableandaboveallinaquiet________.A.neighbourB.neighbourhoodC.neighboursD.neighbour’sⅡ.改错练习(每小题有一个构词法错误，请找出并更正)1.TheMiludeerarelivinginthewildinanaturalpark.2.Thisblouseisfitforhimatall.It’stoolongandthecolorhasrun.3.Thepossiblythatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.4.Wemuststrengthgovernmentofthepeople，bythepeopleandforthepeople.5.Thespermwhalecandivetoadeepofmorethan1000metersinthesea.6.Heisaveryfamousactress.Hehasplayedmanyimportantpartsindifferentfilms.7.Personal，I’dratherstayathomewatchingTV.8.Becauseofherill，shecan’tgooutforthesight-seeing.7\n9.Thankyouforyourdescribeoftheconditionshere.10.It’sreallydustinthisroom.It’salongtimesincesomeonelastlivedinit.11.Wealldon’tknowhowdarkhappens.12.Heopenedtheenvelope，foldedtheletterandbegantoreadit.13.Sheoffereduslotsofvalueinformation，whichplayedanimportantpartincatchingthethief.14.Wewishyouapleasurejourneybackhome.15.Thecaptainmadeanapologizetothepassengersforthedelaycausedbybadweather.16.Iwishthatyoucouldinterviewthesejournalswhocome.17.Coralisnotaplantbutavariousofanimallife.18.Inmyopinion，Harryisthemostsuitfulpersonforthejob.19.Thefoodwasgoodbuttheservewaspoor.20.Thismeetingisofgreatimportanttoallofus.21.Therecomesalargecollectionofsoldiersinthedistant.22.Whenhegottothedestination，hewasquiteoutofbreathe.23.Traditionally(传统上)speaking，RussiaisaEuropecountry.24.“Actual”means“infact”，andwecanalsouse“asamatteroffact”.25.ItispossibletopersuadeAdamtogiveupthatdecide.26.Thedoctorsaidthatthepatiencewascomfortableaftertheoperation.27.Somepeoplesaythatthisnewdiscovermightchangethewholesocietycompletely.28.TheChinesegovernmenttreasurethefriendlybetweenthepeopleoftwocountriesandwearewaitingforapeacefulsettlementofthismatter.29.Shewasafraidofhighanddarednotjumpoutoftheplane.30.Hermotherdiedofhungryaftertheflood.31.Ibetyouaremistakethistime.7\n32.Themansaidthathewasmerelyapass-byandthathedidn’twatchtheaccident.33.—Doyoufollowme?—Yes，perfect.34.PersonalpossessofgunscauseslotsoftroublesintheUSA.35.Thegreatestwealthyisbeingcontentwithalittle.36.Ibelieveourdreamthathumanswilltraveltoandfromthemoonwillcometruthoneday.37.Failisthemotherofsuccess.38.Everyyearmillionsofvisiterscometovisitthedams.39.TheChinesepeoplearebuildingsocialistandhaveachievedgreatprogress.40.Peopleallwentuptooffertheircongratulateontheirwinningthekeymatch.【答案】Ⅰ.单项填空1~5BDACB6~10CBDCB11~15ACDCB16~20BAAAB21~25CBBCA26~30DADBA31~35BBCCC36~40DAADB【部分解析】6.leading主要的，领头的。9.这类合成词用作前置定语时必须用连字符连接，而且不能有复数。10.permit的名词是permission。11.headquarters总部。12.intentionally是intend的副词形式，“故意地”。13.practiced在这里作“熟练的”解。14.judge在这里作“法官”解。20.beofgreatvalue“很有价值”。7\n22.silent“不出声的”“沉默的”。24.freedom“自由”，名词。30.honestlyspeaking，“老实说”。36.hopeless，“没有希望的,绝望的,不可救药”。38.frightened意为“感到害怕的”，frightful“可怕的”，frightening“令人害怕的”。40.neighbour表“邻居”，neighbourhood表“周围环境”。Ⅱ.改错练习1.natural→nature 2.fit→unfit 3.possibly→possibility 4.strength→strengthen 5.deep→depth 6.actress→actor 7.Personal→Personally 8.ill→illness 9.describe→description 10.dust→dusty 11.dark→darkness 12.fold→unfolded 13.value→valuable 14.pleasure→pleasant 15.apoligize→apology 16.journals→journalists 17.various→variety 18.suitful→suitable 19.serve→service 20.important→importance 21.distant→distance 22.breathe→breath 23.Europe→European 24.Actual→Actually 25.decide→decision 26.patience→patient 27.discover→discovery 28.friendly→friendship 29.high→height 30.hungry→hunger 31.mistake→mistaken 32.pass-by→passer-by 33.perfect→perfectly 34.possess→possession 35.wealthy→wealth 36.truth→true 37.Fail→Failure 38.visiters→visitors 39.socialist→socialism 40.congratulate→congratulations7
