第二部分语法知识贯通专题二非谓语动词高考帮·备考方向导航1.[2020全国Ι,66]ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4 (find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin. 2.[2020全国Ⅱ,63]Theyrepresenttheearth (come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings. 3.[2020全国Ⅱ,68]Theyareeasy (care)forandmakegreatpresents. 4.[2020浙江,60]Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology (change)lives. 5.[2020天津,14]Thedancer’sincredibleperformancehadtheaudienceonitsfeet (clap)for10minutesattheendoftheshow. 6.[2020北京,8]Apieceofstone (find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthumanrelatives,knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought. 7.[2020浙江1月,60]Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge (compare)toyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulationbecomesolder thanbefore.8.[2019全国Ш,70]Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars, (listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals. 9.[2019天津,4] (learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture. 10.[2018全国Ι,63]Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof (die)earlybyrunning. 11.[2018全国Ⅱ,64]Anotherreasonforcorn’srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice (improve)waterquality. \n12.[2020全国Ι改错]Mymomtoldmehowtopreparingit. 13.[2019全国Ι改错]Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball. 14.[2018全国Ι改错]Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish. 习思用·语法特训一、单句填空1.Wearingthecorrectclothesfordifferentoccasionswasveryimportant,despiteitmeant (change)clothesfiveorsixtimesaday. 2.Asmorepeoplearedecidingnot (eat)meatandanimalproducts,vegetarianism(素食主义)isbecomingonerisingtrendintheUK. 3.Wecanalsoremindteenagersthatweshouldwashourhandsandfollowotherheathadvicenotonly (protect)ourselves,butalsotohelptoeasethestress. 4.Accordingtoresearch (publish)intheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition,peoplewhoatemoreredmeatorprocessedmeatintheirdiethadahigherchanceofdyingfromalong-lastingdisease. 5.Sadly,histeamarrivedatQomolangmaBaseCamp,only (inform)thatalljourneyshadbeenstoppedbecauseofanavalanche(雪崩)thathadkilled16people. 6.Aninternationalteam (lead)byscientistsoftheuniversityhasdevelopedtheworld’sfirst3Dartificialeyewithbettercapabilitiesthananyotherexistingbionic(能力超人的)eyes, (bring)newhopetopatientswithvisualimpairment(视力受损). 7.Forme,Icouldnotresistthisopportunity (experience)thelifeofaChineseemployeeandlearnsomuchaboutChineseculture. 8. (Consider)thatvocabularyerrorsoftenleadtocommunicatingobstacles,teachersshouldpayspecialattentiontostudents’vocabularyerrors. \n9.TeresaAmabileofHarvardBusinessSchoolhasspentmorethanadecade (study)theworkhabitsof238people,collectingatotalof12,000diaryentriesamongthem. 10.Heencouragedthestudents (study)scienceandcontributetothedevelopmentofChina. 二、单句改错1.Sometimesasmileissopowerfulthatitgivespeoplesufferfromdisastersgreatcourage. 2.MostChinesechildren’sbooksaretoohardforforeignerslikeme.It’llbediscouragingtoreadbooksofthiskind,especiallythosechoseatrandom. 3.ItallstartedwhenIwasgivenasmartphoneintheeighthgradebyagoodfriend.Ibecamefondofwatchingmovies,chatonlineandplayingaddictivegames. 4.Dosportseverydaycankeepusactivealldaylong,helpusbuildupourbodyandreducetheriskofdiseases. 5.Afterhavingsomephotostaking,wereturnedtoschoolonfoot. 6.Seenthatthereisoftenpoorvisibility,thesitechosenasanairportisnotappropriate. 三、"语法—写作"迁移练 完成句子,注意运用适当的非谓语动词形式。1.[2020全国Ⅱ]Inordertorelease (由我们的学习造成的压力),IwenttoXingxingFarm (摘一些橘子)togetherwithmyclassmateslastweekend. 2.[2020全国Ⅱ] (沐浴在阳光下),wesangandlaughedwhilepickingoranges. 3.[2020天津5月]Ialso (喜欢看一些有趣的)EnglishfilmsontheInternet,whichhelps (提高我的听说技能). \n4.[2020江苏]AlltheseeffortsmadetheinaccessiblethingsaboutChina (很容易被外国观众理解). 5.[2019全国Ι] (了解到中国画展览将要举办)atthegallerynextmonth,Iamwritingtoapply (成为一名志愿者). 答案专题二 非谓语动词1.tofind usesth.todosth."使用……来做某事"。故填不定式tofind。2.coming 句中已有谓语动词represent,空处应填非谓语动词。theearth和come之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,且不表将来,所以填coming。3.tocare 此处考查"Sth.+be+adj.+todo"结构。注意此处用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。4.tochange 根据语境可知,"农业使人们首次体验到科技改变生活的力量",此处用动词不定式作定语。5.clapping 分析句子结构并根据句意可知,此处是havesb.doingsth.结构,故填clapping。6.found 此处表示在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头。分析句子结构可知,主句谓语为suggests,主句主语为"Apieceof...beach",设空处需用非谓语,find和stone之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。故填found。7.compared 分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词,且compare与逻辑主语oldgenerations是动宾关系,故填compared。comparedto也可看作固定结构,意为"与……相比",作状语。8.listening listen与其逻辑主语we之间是主谓关系,此处应用动词-ing作伴随状语。9.Learning 句意:学会批判性地思考是当今儿童未来所需的一项重要技能。分析句子结构可知,主句的谓语动词是is,is之前的内容是主语,故此处应用动词-ing短语作主语,表示一般性的陈述概念,故用动词-ing。10.dying reduceone’sriskof...意为"降低某人……的风险",介词of后应用动词-ing作宾语。\n11.toimprove 句意:玉米(产量)增加的另一个原因:为了改善水质,政府鼓励农民种玉米代替水稻。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。12.preparing→prepare 此处为"how+不定式"结构,作told的宾语。13.say→saying 句中的say与句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系,且其表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生,应用动词-ing作状语,表示伴随状况。14.sell→selling 介词by后面应接动词-ing作宾语。一、单句填空1.changing 句意:在不同的场合穿着恰当的衣服是非常重要的,尽管这意味着一天要换五六次衣服。meandoingsth."意味着做某事",符合句意。2.toeat 句意:随着越来越多的人决定不吃肉和动物制品,素食主义在英国正成为一种上升趋势。decide(not)todosth."决定(不)做某事",为固定结构。3.toprotect 句意:我们还可以提醒青少年,我们应该洗手并且遵从其他健康建议,不仅为了保护自己,也为了帮助缓解压力。空格所在句已有谓语,故空处应用非谓语动词。根据句意,此处表示目的。notonly...butalso...连接两个并列的动词不定式短语作目的状语。4.published 句意:根据发表在《美国临床营养学杂志》上的一项研究,饮食中食用较多红肉或加工肉类的人死于长期疾病的概率更高。空处作后置定语修饰research,publish与其逻辑主语research之间为动宾关系,用过去分词,表示"被发表"。5.tobeinformed 逗号前的句子中已有谓语动词arrived,逗号后无连词,故空格处用非谓语动词;根据语境以及空前的only可知,空处用不定式作结果状语表示一种意料之外的结果。inform与句子主语histeam为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用不定式的被动式。6.led;bringing 分析句子结构可知,Aninternationalteam为主语,hasdeveloped为谓语,句中已有主谓结构,所以设空处均应用非谓语动词。因team与lead为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用其过去分词作后置定语,表示"被领导"。bring与前面整个句子所表述的事情为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing作伴随状语。7.toexperience 句中已有谓语couldnotresist,故空处用非谓语动词;由语境可知,此处用来修饰名词opportunity,故用不定式作后置定语。8.Considering 句意:考虑到词汇错误往往会导致交际障碍,教师应该格外关注学生的词汇错误。consideringthat为固定结构,意为"考虑到……,就……而论"。\n9.studying spendtime(in)doingsth.为固定句型,意为"花费时间做某事"。此处省略了介词in,更要注意要用动词-ing形式。10.tostudy 句意:他鼓励学生学习科学,为中国的发展作贡献。此处考查encouragesb.todosth."鼓励某人做某事",因此空处应用动词不定式作宾补。二、单句改错1.suffer→suffering 句意:有时一个微笑(的力量)如此强大,以至于它能给遭受灾难的人们很大的勇气。so...that引导结果状语从句,从句主语为it,谓语动词为gives,间接宾语为people,直接宾语为courage,所以suffer应该用非谓语动词形式。people和suffer是逻辑上的主谓关系,且不表示将来的动作,故应用动词-ing作后置定语。2.chose→chosen 分析句子结构及句意可知,those后的成分作定语,应该用非谓语动词形式。动词choose与those之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。choose的过去式是chose,过去分词是chosen。3.chat→chatting and连接三个并列成分,根据watching和playing可知,此处应用动词-ing形式作介词of的宾语。4.Do→Doing 分析句子结构可知,can前的内容作主语,故用动词-ing作主语。5.taking→taken 此处考查使役动词have的用法,应用非谓语动词作宾补,又因take与其逻辑主语somephotos之间是动宾关系,故用过去分词表示被动和完成。6.Seen→Seeing 句意:鉴于这里能见度经常欠佳,所以这个位置选为机场是不合适的。seeingthat为固定结构,意为"鉴于,由于,因为"。三、"语法—写作"迁移练1.thepressureresultingfromourstudy;topicksomeoranges2.Bathedinsunshine3.enjoywatchingsomeinteresting;(to)improvemylisteningandspeakingskills4.easilyunderstoodbytheforeignaudience5.KnowinganexhibitionofChinesepaintingswillbeheld;tobecomeavolunteer
