第二部分语法知识贯通专题七 定语从句题组1限时模拟 A单句填空1.[2021河北衡水四校联考,67]ArchitectsinancientChina, paidspecialattentiontodecoration,useddifferentcolorsorpaintingsaccordingtoparticularbuildingfunctionsorlocalcustoms. 2.[2021四省八校开学考,67]Hecalledartificiallightapollutant threatensnocturnal(夜间活动的)animalsandaffectsplantsandmicroorganisms. 3.[2021山西太原质量监测,61]Evenyoungpeopletendtotaketheirleftovershomewhendiningout,mostof wouldpackthedishinadoggiebag(给剩饭打的包)iftheleftoversarestillingoodshape. 4.[2021四川绵阳一诊,62]Today,withthehelpofBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem(BDS), isentirelybuiltbyChineseengineers,weChinesecaneasilyfindourway. 5.[2021江苏盐城统一考试,56]ThecityofFlagstaffisdealingwiththatconfusionthroughitsMasterRecyclerprogram, goalistoshedlightontheconnectionbetweenpersonalconsumptionandclimatechange. 6.[2021山东烟台期中,42]TheWestfirstlearnedofthegiantpandaonMarch11,1869, ArmandDavidreceivedapandaskinfromahunter. 7.[2021江苏南京学情调研,63]HethenhandedToddalargebag,inside werecleanshirtsandshorts,plusabrand-newpairofNewBalancesneakers. 8.[2021四川成都摸底测试,68]Entrepreneursarepeople startcompaniestodevelopneworimprovedproducts. 9.[2021江苏扬州开学检测,18]Thenumberofsmokers, isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear. \n10.[2020皖南八校联考,61]Inthemorning,twoartists, actingskillswerewonderful,cametoourschoolasplanned. 11.[2020山东省实验中学二诊,64]Still,whenyoustartyourjourneyofpositivethinking,youshallmeetwonderfulnewpeople,with youcansharepositiveattitudes. 12.[2020辽宁五校协作体联考,62]InChina,ateahouseisaplace peoplegathertoenjoytea,chatandsocialize. 13.[2020江西南昌重点中学段考,67]Powerwalkingusesbothupperandlowerbodystrength, resultsinstrongermusclesandbones. 14.[2020四川绵阳一诊,62]Itcannotcoverall Lienduredtoreachthetopofthetennisworld. 15.[2020湖南师大附中摸底考试,48]Inaculture peoplefunctionaccordingtoritual,musicisusedtohelpgovernthem. B单句改错16.[2021安徽四校适应性测试]Agoodmanydistinguishedpoetsandwritershavewrittenmanymasterpiecesabouttheappreciationofteaandtheloveforit,amongthemwasLuYuintheTangDynasty. 17.[2021山西大同学情调研]Whenitwastimeformetoleave,mygrandfathergavemesomegiftswhatIlikedverymuch,andhuggedme. 18.[2021河南名校联考]Finally,wereachedanopenfield,whenthereweremanywildplantsfittoeat. 19.[2020四川宜宾一诊]It’sabookcalledThreeHundredTangPoemsoftheTangDynasty,thatwaswrittenbythefamouspoetsintheTangDynasty. 20.[2020安徽示范高中名校联考]Therearemanydifferentteasetsandalmostallkindsofteainhishome,mostofthatIcan’t\nname. 21.[2020四川遂宁联考]Second,Iofteneatfoodwhatishealthyandsafe. 22.[2020黑龙江哈尔滨九中考试]BeingafraidofexpressingmyselfwasoneofthereasonsthatIrarelydidwellinschool. 题组2精选真题 A单句填空1.[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东),39]The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum openedin1759. 2.[2020天津,6]Dr.Rowan, secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping. 3.[2019全国Ⅱ,62]NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield, sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes. 4.[2019浙江,58]Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth givesofflightinthedark. 5.[2019江苏,21]Wehaveenteredintoanage dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue. 6.[2019天津,11]Theirchildisatthestage shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences. 7.[2019北京,9]Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources(资源). 8.[2018全国Ⅱ,69]TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogram givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons. 9.[2018江苏,23]Self-drivingisanarea Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline. \n10.[2018天津,2]Kate, sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia. 11.[2017丙卷(全国Ш),64]ButSarah, hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty. 12.[2017江苏,28]In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation. 13.[2017浙江11月,57]Likemanythingsinlife,it’sanongoingprocess,andthebestpartoftheprocessisthatthere’senoughroomforimprovement, meansyou’lljustkeepgettingbetterandbetter. 14.[2016乙卷(全国Ⅰ),65]ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s, IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter... 15.[2016丙卷(全国Ш),67]SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius, livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks. 16.[2016浙江,11]Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof hasbeenproved. B单句改错17.[2020全国Ⅱ改错]Thankyouforyourletter,whatreallymademehappy. 18.[2019全国Ⅰ改错]OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground. 19.[2018全国Ⅰ改错]Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish. 20.[2017丙卷(全国Ш)改错]Aroundmeinthispicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments. 21.[2016四川改错]ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom’sfavorite. \nA专项语篇型填空(定语从句)Thefollowingispartofthestorythatmostofmyfellowstudentsshowinterestin,thetitleof 1 Idon’tseemtoremember. JanePlatt, 2 travelstoLondonbecauseofamysteriousletter,istheonlyperson 3 witnessesamurderatLondonVictoriaStation.Thedetectiveto 4 shegivesherstatementdisappears.Janegoestoanofficetoanswertheletterthatshehasreceived, 5 shediscoversthatheruncleGordon,wholivesinSouthAmerica,hassentherasmallboxandtellshertoopenitonlyatthetime 6 sheisinrealtrouble.Jane, 7 parentshavenevermentionedGordon,isskepticalofthebox, 8 shegivestoherfriendTony.TheygotoScotlandYardandseeInspectorGroves,whohasnotheardofthemurder.JanegivesGrovesthemurderedman’sticketfoundbesidehisbody.ThenJaneandTonydecidetogotoRedhill,from 9 themurderedmancame.Onthetraintheymeetaman, 10 saysheknowsJane’suncleGordon. B语法填空[2021四川成都七中考试]Dressedinaflowingrobe(长袍) 1 (decorate)withfloralembroidery(花卉刺绣)fromthepastera,stylistXiaoHanglookslikeshecamefromatimemachine.ShewalksacrossthenoisyBeijingsubway, 2__ (attract)curiousglancesandquestions. China 3 (welcome)westernfashionandfuturistictechnologyduringthepastdecades, 4 agrowingnumberofyoungpeoplelikeXiaoarelookingatthepastfortheirdressingchoices. 5 (obvious),theyprefertoputontraditional"hanfu",or"Hanclothing". Thesehistoric 6 (costume)areenjoyingacomebackbecausethegovernmentispromotingtraditionalculture.Perioddramashavealsocontributedtoa 7 (great)interestintraditionalChineseclothingandahigherdemandforit. \nXiao, 8 usedtoworkatastate-ownedmachinemanufacturingcompany,nowrunsherownhanfubusiness.Shedressescustomersforphotoshootsandevenplanshanfu-styleweddings.However,thereisstillsomewaybeforethestylereacheswide 9 (accept)inChina.Manypeoplesaytheirhesitationisduetotheoddlookstheygetwhenthey’rewearinghanfu 10 public. C短文改错[2021贵州贵阳摸底考试]Lastweekend,ourschoolwasheldaninterestingactivity,aimingtorelieveusseniorthreestudentsofpressure. LastMondaymorning,ourP.E.teachertoldusweshouldprepareforanactivitycalled"TongZhouGongJi",thatmeans"beinginthesameboat".Onhearingthenews,I,togetherformybestfriend,registeredforitexcited.Theactivityrequiredeffectivecooperationwithteammate.Therefore,wepracticedthegameafterschoolduringthefollowingdays.Undertheguidanceoftheirteacher,wemasteredtheskillsandgotprepared.Thencomesthebigday.Wemanagedtorunningfastatthesamepacearminarm.Theplaygroundwasfilledwithlaughterandcheers.Afewminuteslate,wecrossedthefinishingline. Wedidgoodjobandfeltveryhappy.答案专题七 定语从句题组1 限时模拟A单句填空1.who 分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Architects"建筑师",指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,故此处用who引导。2.that/which 句意:他称人造光是一种污染物,这种污染物威胁夜间活动的动物,并影响植物和微生物。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为pollutant"污染物",指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故填that或which。\n3.whom 句意:即使是年轻人,外出就餐时也往往会把剩菜带回家,如果剩菜还好,他们中的大多数人都会把菜装在打包袋里。分析句子结构可知,此处为"表示部分的词+of+关系代词"引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词为表示人的youngpeople,所以空处填whom。4.which 分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为BeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem(BDS),空处在从句中作主语,故填which。5.whose 分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为MasterRecyclerprogram,空处在从句中作定语,所以关系词用whose。6.when 分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为March11,1869,空处在从句中作时间状语,所以关系词用when。7.which 分析该句结构可知,此处为"介词+关系代词"引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词为表示物的alargebag,故填which。8.who/that 分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为people,且定语从句中缺少主语,故填关系代词who/that。9.as 句意:据报道,吸烟者的数量在一年之内就下降了17%。空处在此引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代整个主句的内容,表示"正如",故填as。asisreported据报道,是常见表达。10.whose 空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为twoartists,指人,且关系词在从句中作定语,故此处用whose引导。11.whom 分析句子结构可知,此处为"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句,先行词为people,表示人,故填关系代词whom。12.where 空处引导定语从句,先行词为aplace,空处在从句中作地点状语,故填where。13.which 分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面整个主句,空处在从句中作主语,故填which。14.that 此处引导定语从句,从句修饰不定代词all。当先行词为不定代词时,定语从句的引导词只能用that,而不能用which。15.where 句意:在一种人们根据礼节行事的文化中,音乐被用来帮助管理他们。此处为定语从句,修饰先行词culture,关系词在从句中作状语,再结合句意可知,此处表示抽象的地点,应填where,相当于inwhich。B单句改错\n16.them→whom 分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词poetsandwriters表示人,又关系词作介词among的宾语,所以将them改为whom。17.what→that 分析句子结构可知,此处引导定语从句,修饰先行词gifts,关系词在从句中作liked的宾语,又先行词前有some修饰,因此关系词应该用that。18.when→where 分析句子结构可知,此处引导定语从句,先行词为anopenfield,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用where。19.that→which 此处引导非限制性定语从句,且先行词是物,所以应用which引导。20.that→which 逗号后为"表示部分的词+of+关系代词"引导的非限制性定语从句,介词后面不能用that,要用which或whom;此处先行词指物,故将that改为which。21.what→which/that 句意:其次,我经常吃健康、安全的食物。此处的food是先行词,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故把what改成which/that。22.that→why 句意:害怕表达自己的想法是我在学校很少表现好的原因之一。先行词是reasons,关系词在定语从句中作原因状语,故将that改为why。题组2 精选真题A单句填空1.which/that 分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句且在定语从句中作主语,先行词为theBritishMuseum,故此处用关系代词which/that。2.whose secretary与Dr.Rowan之间为所属关系,所以应该用关系代词,whose引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作定语。3.which 先行词是thepetshop,指物,非限制性定语从句中缺少宾语,故填which。4.that/which 分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为apieceofcloth,指物,且定语从句中缺少主语,故填关系代词that/which。5.when 句意:我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为anage,空处在定语从句中充当时间状语,故用关系副词when。6.where 句意:他们的孩子处于一个会说个别词但不会说完整句子的阶段。先行词stage意为"阶段",空处引导定语从句,在从句中作状语,此处表示抽象的地点,故用关系副词where。7.who/that 句意:从大学中受益最多的学生是那些完全投入到学术生活中并充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。分析句子结构可知,空格后的信息是对those的修饰,those指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词who/that。\n8.that/which 句意:2005年政府发起了一个土壤测试项目,给农民推荐特定的肥料,中国农业部发现在2005至2011年间,肥料的使用减少了770万吨。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是asoil-testingprogram,指物,且定语从句中缺少主语,故填关系代词that或which。9.where 分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是area,关系词在从句中充当地点状语,因此用where,相当于inwhich。10.whose 句意:凯特去澳大利亚工作了,读大学的时候我和她的姐姐合住一个房间。从句子结构看,本空要用关系词引导定语从句,先行词为Kate,且关系词在从句中作定语,因此用whose。11.who Sarah是主句主语,wants是主句谓语,由此可以判断空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Sarah,指人,从句中缺主语,故填who。12.whose 此处指"世界粮食计划署的宗旨之一",先行词为theWorldFoodProgramme,空处在从句中作定语,因此填whose。13.which 句意:像生活中的许多事物一样,它(扩大词汇量)是个一直进行的过程,这个过程最好的部分在于有足够的进步空间,也就是说你将会不断变得越来越好。根据句意及句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为"there’senoughroomforimprovement"这句话,空处作从句的主语,故填which。14.when 分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为themid-1980s,关系词在从句中作时间状语,故填关系副词when。15.who 分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Confucius,指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,故填who。16.which 句意:科学家已经提出了许多关于人类为什么会流泪的理论,其中没有一个得到了证明。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是manytheories,关系词在定语从句中作of的宾语,应该填关系代词which,noneofwhich共同构成从句的主语。B单句改错17.what→which 在非限制性定语从句中,关系词指代前面的事物,且在从句中作主语,只能用which。18.where→when 本句含有一个定语从句,先行词为Oneafternoon,关系词在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when。故把where改为when。\n19.which→where或在which前加in 先行词是pond,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故应把which改为where或在which前加in。20.they→that/which 先行词为things,关系词在从句中作主语,故关系词既可以用that也可以用which。21.what→that/which或去掉what 分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,先行词为Thedishes,指物,且关系词在从句中作宾语,应用that或which引导该定语从句,作宾语的关系代词也可以省略。A专项语篇型填空(定语从句) 本文讲述了一个扣人心弦的侦探故事的一部分。1.which 分析句子结构可知,这里是非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作of的宾语,指代前面的先行词story,故填which。2.who 空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词为JanePlatt,指人,因此用who引导定语从句。3.that 关系词引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语,先行词为person,且先行词前有theonly修饰,故用that引导该定语从句。4.whom 定语从句使用了"givesth.tosb."结构,空前有介词to,关系词作to的宾语,先行词为Thedetective,故填whom。5.where 这里是非限制性定语从句,先行词为anoffice,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。6.when 先行词是thetime,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,因此用when引导定语从句。7.whose 此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词为Jane,关系词在从句中作定语,修饰parents,表示"简的父母",故填whose。8.which 此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词是thebox,指物,关系词在从句中作gives的宾语,故填which。9.which 此处是"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句,先行词为Redhill,指物,关系词在从句中作from的宾语,故填which。10.who 空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是aman,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,故填who。B语法填空\n 设计师肖航经营着自己的汉服公司,她为客户提供汉服拍照服务,甚至策划汉服风格的婚礼。与过去崇尚西方的时尚风格相对,越来越多的年轻人更喜欢中国传统服装文化。1.decorated 考查过去分词。分析该句结构可知,空处作名词robe的后置定语,修饰该名词;robe和动词decorate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故空处用过去分词decorated。2.attracting 考查现在分词。分析该句结构可知,主语She和动词attract之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故空处用现在分词attracting。3.haswelcomed/hasbeenwelcoming 考查动词的时态。空处作谓语。根据该句时间状语"duringthepastdecades"可知,该句陈述的是从过去发生持续到现在的事情,而且还可能继续下去,故用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时。4.but 考查连词。空前陈述"多年来中国一直欢迎西方时尚和极其现代的技术";空后表述"越来越多像肖这样的年轻人在选择服装时把目光投向过去",空处前后为转折关系,故填but。 5.Obviously 考查副词。分析该句结构可知,空处修饰后面的整个句子,故用副词形式。6.costumes 考查名词的单复数。costume可以用作可数名词,根据该句系动词are可知,此处应用复数形式。7.greater 考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的比较级"higher"可知,空处与此对应,也应当用比较级。句意:历史剧也促使人们对中国传统服饰产生了更大的兴趣和更高的需求。8.who 考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Xiao,指人,空处在从句中作主语,故用who引导该定语从句。9.acceptance 考查名词。形容词修饰名词,根据形容词wide可知,空处用名词形式,此处表示"广泛接受"。10.in 考查固定搭配。inpublic为固定搭配,意为"公开地",符合语境。句意:很多人说,他们之所以会犹豫是因为公开穿汉服时别人会用奇怪的眼神看他们。C短文改错文章介绍了学校为缓解高三学生压力举办的比赛。作者参加了"同舟共济"这一活动,积极准备,并享受比赛的过程。1.删除held前面的was 动词语态误用。此处表示"上周末,我们学校举行了一项有趣的活动",hold与主语ourschool之间为主动关系,所以删除held前面的was。2.that→which 关系词误用。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为表示物的名词TongZhouGongJi,关系词在从句中作主语,所以将that改为which。\n3.for→with 介词误用。togetherwith为固定表达,意为"和……一起",所以将for改为with。4.excited→excitedly 形容词和副词混用。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰动词registered,需要用副词,所以将excited改为excitedly。5.teammate→teammates 名词单复数误用。根据常识和语境可知,"同舟共济"活动需要与队友有效合作,队友应该不止一个,所以将teammate改为teammates。6.their→our 代词误用。结合语境可知,此处表示"在我们老师的指导下",所以将their改为our。7.comes→came 动词时态误用。结合全文可知,本文讲的是上周发生的事,时态应该为一般过去时,所以将comes改为came。8.running→run 动词形式误用。managetodosth.为固定表达,意为"设法做成某事",所以将running改为run。9.late→later 副词误用。此处表示"几分钟之后,我们越过了终点线",故此处应该用副词later,意为"以后,之后"。10.did后面加a 冠词漏用。此处job为可数名词,在文中第一次出现,表泛指,需要用不定冠词,且good的发音以辅音音素开头,所以在did后面加a。
