情态动词和虚拟语气（测试时间：40分钟，总分：60分）班级：____________姓名：____________座号：____________得分：____________I.用适当的情态动词或括号内所给词的适当形式填空(每小题0.5分，共5分)1.(2022·北京卷)Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevices(器械)that_______shocktheheartbackintowork.2.(2022·北京卷)Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatch_________concentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.3.(2022·天津卷)What_________shethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscaptured(捕捉)andfrozenonsomestranger’sbedroomwall?4.Jackisagreattalker.It'shightimethathe________(do)somethinginsteadofjusttalking.5.We________(face)thedifficultytogether，butwhydidn'tyoutellme?6.Don'thandlethevaseasifit________(be)madeofsteel.7.Sorry，Iamtoobusynow.IfI________(have)time，Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.8.Sometimessmilesaroundtheworld________befalse，hidingotherfeelingslikeanger，fearorworry.9.Accordingtothefactorysafetyrules，allaccidents________bereportedtothesafetyofficer.10.—Schoolisover.HowcanwecontactRobert?—Tryphoninghim.He________behomebynow.Helivesonlyastone'sthrowfromtheschool.【参考答案】1.can 2.should 3.would 4.did/shoulddo 5.couldhavefaced 6.were 7.had 8.can9.shall 10.shouldⅡ.单项填空(每小题0.5分，共5分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.(2022·北京卷)Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,______easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.A.mustB.shouldC.canD.need12\n【答案】C【解析】A.must必须B.should应该C.can能D.need需要。句意:Samuel，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can，答案为C。2.(2022·北京卷)Ifthenewsafetysystem_______touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.A.hadbeenputB.wereputC.shouldbeputD.wouldbeput【答案】A【解析】句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用haddone形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确的。3.(2022·天津卷)Myroomisamess,butI___________cleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.A.daren’tB.shouldn’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t【答案】C【解析】句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢；B.不应该；C.不需要；D.禁止。根据句意，故选C。4.(2022·天津卷)—DoyouhaveBetty’sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise,I___________abletoreachheryesterday.A.hadn’tbeenB.wouldn’thavebeenC.weren’tD.wouldn’tbe【答案】B5.(2022·江苏卷)____________notforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.A.ItwereB.WereitC.ItwasD.Wasit【答案】B【解析】12\n考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were/Should/HadI...，故选B。6.—Whathappenedtotheyoungtreesweplantedlastweek?—Thetrees__________well,butIdidn’twaterthem.A.mightgrowB.wouldhavegrownC.needn’thavegrownD.wouldgrow【答案】B7.Myphone______havebeenstolenwhileIwastakingabus.Ican'tfinditanywhere.A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词。句意：一定是我乘坐公共汽车的时候手机被偷了。我到处都找不到它。can能；must必须；should应该；would将会。musthavedone过去一定做某事。故选B。8.—Didyousaysomethingrudetoherduetowhatshehaddone?—Yes,butI____________so.A.hadbetternotdoB.wouldrathernotdoC.oughtn’ttodoD.wouldrathernothavedone【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。结合语境可知，saysomethingrude已经是过去的动作，答句表示“我宁愿我没说那样的话”，表示与过去事实相反的情况，wouldrather后应用haveV-ed，故选D项。9._____moreenergytomystudyinsteadofbeingcrazyaboutInteractgames,Iwouldbesittinginacomfortableofficenow.A.IfIdevotedB.HadIdevotedC.WouldIbedevotedD.ShouldIbedevoted【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我投入更多的精力在我的学习上，而不是着迷于网络游戏，我现在就会坐在一个舒适的办公室里了。本句运用了虚拟语气，根据句意可知，从句是对过去时期的推测。所以，从句的完整表达方式应该是ifIhaddevotedmoreenergytomystudyinsteadofbeingcrazyaboutInteractgames.此时，可以省去if，提前had。故选B。12\n10.IfIhadthechance,I_____abusinessatmyuniversitythatwouldbenefitmyclassmates.A.startedB.wouldstartC.hadstartedD.wouldhavestarted【答案】BIII.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（2022·江苏卷）Anewcommoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable,fast-growingindustry,urgingantitrust（反垄断）regulatorstostepintocheckthosewhocontrolitsflow.Acenturyago,theresourceinquestionwasoil.Nowsimilarconcernsarebeingraisedbythegiants（巨头）thatdealindata,theoilofthedigitalage.ThemostvaluablefirmsareGoogle,Amazon,FacebookandMicrosoft.Alllookunstoppable.Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.Butsizealoneisnotacrime.Thegiants’successhasbenefitedconsumers.Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquickdelivery.Farfromchargingconsumershighprices,manyoftheseservicesarefree(userspay,ineffect,byhandingoveryetmoredata).Andtheappearanceofnew-borngiantssuggeststhatnewcomerscanmakewaves,too.Butthereiscauseforconcern.TheInternethasmadedataabundant,all-presentandfarmorevaluable,changingthenatureofdataandcompetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:translationandvisualrecognition,tobesoldtoothercompanies.Internetcompanies’controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea＂God’seyeview＂ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.Thisnatureofdatamakestheantitrustmeasuresofthepastlessuseful.BreakingupfirmslikeGoogleintofivesmalloneswouldnotstopremakingthemselves:intime,oneofthemwouldbecomegreatagain.Arethinkisrequired—andasanewapproachstartstobecomeapparent,twoideasstandout.Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomovefromtheindustrialageintothe21st12\ncentury.Whenconsideringamerger(兼并),forexample,theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms’dataassets(资产)whenassessingtheimpactofdeals.Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatanestablishedcompanyisbuyinganew-bornthreat.Whenthistakesplace,especiallywhenanew-borncompanyhasnorevenuetospeakof,theregulatorsshouldraiseredflags.Thesecondprincipleistoloosenthecontrolthatprovidersofon-lineserviceshaveoverdataandgivemoretothosewhosupplythem.Companiescouldbeforcedtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmanymoneytheymakeformit.Governmentscouldorderthesharingofcertainkindsofdata,withusers’consent.Restartingantitrustfortheinformationagewillnotbeeasy.Butifgovernmentsdon’twantadataeconomycontrolledbyafewgiants,theymustactsoon.1.Whyisthereacalltobreakupgiants?A.Theyhavecontrolledthedatamarket.B.Theycollectenormousprivatedata.C.Theynolongerprovidefreeservices.D.Theydismissedsomenew-borngiants.2.WhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate?A.Datagiants’technologyisveryexpensive.B.Google’sideaispopularamongdatafirms.C.Datacanstrengthengiants’controllingposition.D.Datacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproducts.3.Bypayingattentiontofirms’dataassets,antitrustregulatorscould____________.A.killanewthreatB.avoidthesizetrapC.favourbiggerfirmsD.chargehigherprices4.Whatisthepurposeoflooseningthegiants’controlofdata?A.Bigcompaniescouldrelievedatasecuritypressure.B.Governmentscouldrelievetheirfinancialpressure.C.Consumerscouldbetterprotecttheirprivacy.D.Smallcompaniescouldgetmoreopportunities.【文章大意】本文主要讲的是信息时代的信息数据的垄断现象。一些科技巨头Google,Amazon,Facebook,Microsoft等对数据的垄断引来了有关部门的反垄断调查。12\n2.C【解析】根据第三段中的＂Internetcompanies’controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea＂God’seyeview＂ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.＂可知，互联网公司对数据的掌控使得它们拥有了很大的权力，说明数据会加强大公司的统治地位。4.D【解析】根据倒数第二段Companiescouldbeforcedtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmanymoneytheymakefromit.Governments...withusers’consent.＂可知，由于大公司垄断数据信息，不利于小公司更好地服务消费者，也不利于政府开展工作。弱化这种垄断将会给小公司带去更多的发展机会。IV.完形填空(每小题1分，共20分)阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。YearsagowhenIvolunteeredatahomelessshelter,Italkedwithaboy，Albert.Hesaidhelikedmy 1 .＂Doyouwanttoseemine?＂hesaid， 2 hisleg.Hewasbarefoot.Hesaidhe’dbeenmeaningtopickupapairbuthadn’tgottenone.Ifelta 3 feelinginmystomach.AfewdayslaterIwasathomehelpingto 4 mydaughter.IsmiledwhenI 5 thesocksoverherfeet.Atthatmoment，Albertflashedinmy 6 .Atnoon，Iwenttoadepartmentstoreand 7 ashoppingcartwithsocks—nothing 8 ，justwhitecottonmen’ssocks.Thenextmorning，IdrovetothePalisadesPark，whichisacommonovernight—destinationfor 9 individuals，Igrabbedoneofthe 10 frommytrunkandwalkedacrossthegrass.Itwasdarkout.Itwasabeautifulfeelingto 11 beforethesunandmostlivingthings.12\nIheadedforagroupofthreemen.Twowereasleepandthethirdwasdiggingthroughhisshoppingcart.Itwasloadedwithplasticbottlesandsomeclothes，andafewbooks—most 12 ，everythingheownedinthisworld.AsIwalkedtowardhim，heturnedand 13 me，perhapsquestioningmyintention.＂Ithoughtyoumight 14 somenewsocks，＂Itoldhim，handinghimapair.Helooked 15 atfirstbuttookthem，smiledandsaid，＂Thankyou.＂Igavetwomore 16 forhispartners.I 17 .After20minutes，Ireturnedforthesecondbag.Anhourlater，I 18 allthesocks.Mostpeopleweresleeping，andIfeltlikea(n) 19 SantaClaus.Iknewwhentheywokeuptheywouldfindaverymeaningful 20 .Thatgavemeanamazingfeeling.1.A.booksB.bagsC.socksD.trousers2.A.liftingB.hidingC.foldingD.bending3.A.genuineB.strongC.curiousD.sinking4.A.feedB.dressC.teachD.comfort5.A.threwB.touchedC.wrappedD.slid6.A.positionB.viewC.mindD.room7.A.filledB.equippedC.decoratedD.exchanged8.A.uglyB.cheapC.difficultD.fancy9.A.wealthyB.homelessC.lazyD.proud10.A.parcelsB.containersC.bagsD.boxes11.A.getupB.leavebehindC.getbackD.turndown12.A.unbelievablyB.strangelyC.importantlyD.likely13.A.attackedB.watchedC.foundD.asked14.A.chooseB.purchaseC.needD.donate15.A.confusedB.ashamedC.shockedD.happy16.A.socksB.packagesC.dollarsD.pairs17.A.talkedB.movedC.playedD.held18.A.soldoutB.putawayC.gaveoutD.turnedaway19.A.realB.honestC.gratefulD.reliable20.A.bookB.changeC.lifeD.present12\n【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了几年前作者在帕利塞兹帕克公园—无家可归的人的避难处当志愿者时，在他和一个名叫Albert的男孩的谈话中，他了解到这个男孩很渴望得到一双袜子，因为他光着脚，一直以来都想拾到一双，可是连一只都没拾到。作者听后心里沉甸甸的，于是他就到百货大楼买了一购物车的白色纯棉男袜，开着卡车连夜送到了他们的避难处，并像圣诞老人那样把这些袜子分发给了那些无家可归的人。3.D根据上文的表述＂他说他一直打算拾到一双袜子，但是他一只也没拾到。＂可知本句的意思该是＂我感觉到我的胃里有一种正在下沉的（sinking）感觉（即心里沉甸甸的）。＂所以D项符合语境之意。故选D。4.B根据下句可知本句的意思该是＂几天后我正在家给我女儿穿衣服（dresssb给某人穿衣服）＂。所以B项符合语境之意。故选B。5.D根据上句可知本句的意思该是＂当我给她往脚上穿袜子时（slide使悄悄转动，滑动），我笑了。＂所以D项符合语境之意。故选D。6.C根据上两句的意思可知本句个意思该是＂Albert在我的脑海（mind头脑）里闪过。＂所以C项符合语境之意。故选C。7.A根据上文可知本句的意思该是＂在中午，我去了一家百货店并且买了满满的一购物车的袜子（fill…with…用……装满……）。所以A项符合语境之意。故选A。8.D根据上句和本空后面半句的意思可知本句的意思该是＂……没什么奇思妙想（fancy奇特的，昂贵的），只想白色的纯棉男袜。＂所以D项符合语境之意。故选D。9.B根据文章开头第一句＂whenIvolunteeredatahomelessshelter,Italkedwithaboy,Albert.＂中的暗示词＂homeless＂可知本句的意思该是＂……我开车到了帕利塞兹帕克公园，这是一个常见的夜晚逗留的地方—无家可归的（homeless）人的目的地。＂所以B项符合语境之意。故选B。10.C根据句最后一段第一句＂After20minutes,Ireturnedforthesecondbag＂中的暗示词＂bag＂可知此句的意思该是＂我匆匆地从我的卡车上抓下来一个袋子（bag），然后走过了草地。＂所以C项符合语境之意。故选C。12\n15.A根据本句的意思＂他起初看上去很困惑（confused困惑的、糊涂的），但是还是收下袜子，并且笑了，还说‘谢谢你’＂可知A项符合语境之意。故选A。16.D根据本句的意思＂为了他的伙伴我又给了两双（pairs）＂可知D项符合语境之意。故选D。17.B根据下文可知本句的意思该是＂我移动（move）着。20分钟后，我又返回去拿第二个袋子。＂所以B项符合语境之意。故选B。18.C根据上文和本句的意思＂一个小时后，我分发（giveout）了所有的袜子。＂可知C项符合语境之意。故选C。19.A根据本句的意思＂大多数人都在睡觉，并且我觉得像一个真正的（real）圣诞老人。＂可知A项符合语境之意。故选A。20.D根据本句的意思＂我知道当他们醒来时，他们将发现一个很有意义的礼物（present）。那将给我一个惊人的感觉。＂可知D项符合语境之意。故选D。V.语法填空(每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Onceafarmerlosthiswatchinhisbarn,inwhichlotsofgrainwaskept.Thewatch, 1 wasagiftfromhisfather,wasveryimportanttohimandhewasdeterminedtofindit.Aftersearchingthebarnforalongtime,however,hegaveupandaskedforhelpfromagroupofchildrenwhowereplayingnearby.Hepromisedtogiveagreatrewardto 2 foundthewatch. 3 (hear)this,thechildrenhurriedinsidethebarnimmediately. 4 searchedeverywherebutstillcouldnotfindthewatchburiedinthegrain.Thefarmerwasabouttogiveup 5 alittleboywentuptohimandaskedtobegiven 6 secondchance.Thefarmerlookedathimandthought,＂Whynot?Afterall,thiskidlookshonest.＂12\nSothefarmersentthelittleboybackintothebarn.Afterawhilethelittleboycameout 7 thewatchinhishand!Thefarmer, 8 (surprise)buthappy,askedtheboyhowhesucceededwheretheresthadfailed.Theboyreplied,＂Ididnothingbut 9 (sit)quietlyandlistenforthesoundofthewatch.＂Thisshowsusthatsometimesapeacefulmindcanthink 10 (well)thananexcitedone.【文章大意】这篇短文主要记述了一位农民在谷仓里面，丢失了自己的手表。无奈之下，请求一群孩子们帮忙。最后被一位小男孩凭借着手表发出的声音，找到了这块手表。从而告诉我们一个道理，有时候平和的心态，冷静思考更有助于我们解决问题。3.Hearing【解析】此处是非谓语动词作状语，thechildren和hear是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填Hearing。【解析】4.They指代上文的thechildren作这句话的主语用They。5.when【解析】句意：这个农民刚要放弃，这时一个小男孩朝他走过来。beabouttodosthwhen意为＂刚要做某事这时……＂。故填when。12\n10.better【解析】和than搭配用比较级。故填better。VI.短文改错(每小题1分，共10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。LiHuaisanEnglishlearnerwhowanttoimprovehisreadingskills,andherarelypractices.Yesterdayhecameandaskedusforadvices.＂Anygoodathlete,＂Isaid,＂whowilltellyouhepracticeshardlytogetinshapeandachievehighhonors.Seldomwehearofanyathletebecomingachampionwithoutanyeffort.Weconsidertrainingtobeapartofthegame.Onceheisinshape,itiseasierofanathletetosucceed.Readingskillsdevelopthesameway.Anypersonwhoreadsalotareboundtoimprovehisreadingcomprehension.＂Feelingashamed,LiHuamadeuponhismindtopracticemoreinfuture.【答案】LiHuaisanEnglishlearnerwhowantwants toimprovehisreadingskills,andbut herarelypractices.Yesterdayhecameandaskedusme foradvicesadvice.＂Anygoodathlete,＂Isaid,＂willtellyou12\nhepracticeshardlyhard togetinshapeandachievehighhonors.Seldom∧ do wehearofanyathletebecomingachampionwithoutanyeffort.Weconsidertrainingtobeapartofthegame.Onceheisinshape,itiseasieroffor anathletetosucceed.Readingskillsdevelopthesameway.Anypersonwhoreadsalotareis boundtoimprovehisreadingcomprehension.＂Feelingashamed,LiHuamadeuponup hismindtopracticemoreinfuture.第六处：将hardly改为hard，hardly意为＂几乎不＂，hard意为＂努力地＂，此处表示＂努力训练＂。第七处：在Seldom后面加do，seldom是表达否定含义的词，放于句首时，后面的句子应用部分倒装，又因此句用一般现在时，所以应在we前面加do。第八处：将of改为for，因为easier不是表达人的品质的形容词。第九处：将are改为is，因为句子的主语Anyperson表示单数。第十处：将upon改为up，makeupone’smind是固定短语，意为＂下定决心＂。12
