2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（11）李仕才AIt'sgenerallybelievedthatpeopleactthewaytheydobecauseoftheirpersonalitiesandattitudes.Theyrecycletheirgarbagebecausetheycareabouttheenvironment.Theypay$5foracaramelbruléelattebecausetheylikeexpensivecoffeedrinks.It'sundeniablethatbehaviorcomesfromourinnerdispositions(性情),butinmanyinstanceswealsodrawinferencesaboutwhoweare,assuggestedbythesocialpsychologistDarylBem,byobservingourownbehavior.Wecanbestrangerstoourselves.Ifweknewourownminds,whywouldweneedtoguesswhatourpreferencesarefromourbehavior?Ifourmindswereanopenbook,wewouldknowexactlyhowmuchwecareabouttheenvironmentorlikelattes.Actually,weoftenneedtolooktoourbehaviortofigureoutwhoweare.Moreover,wedon'tjustuseourbehaviortolearnaboutourparticulartypesofcharacter—weinfercharactersthatweren'ttherebefore.Ourbehaviorisoftenshapedbylittlepressuresaroundus,whichwefailtorecognize. Maybewerecyclebecauseourwivesandneighborswoulddisapproveifwedidn't. Maybewebuylattesinordertoimpressthepeoplearoundus.Weshouldnotmistakenlybelievethatwealwaysbehaveasaresultofsomeinnerdisposition.Whateverpressurestherecanbeorinferencesonecanmake,peoplebecomewhattheydo,thoughitmaynotbeincompliance(符合)withtheirtruedesires.Therefore,weshouldallbearinmindKurtVonnegut'sadvice:"Wearewhatwepretendtobe,sowemustbecarefulaboutwhatwepretendtobe."1.Accordingtothepassage,personalitiesandattitudesarecommonlybelievedto .A.determineone'sbehaviorB.reflectone'stasteC.influenceone'ssurroundingsD.resultfromone'shabits2.WhichofthefollowingwouldDarylBemmostprobablyagreewith?A.Thereturnofawalletcanindicateone'shonesty.11\nB.Akindpersonwillofferhisseattotheold.C.Onerecyclesplasticstoprotecttheenvironment.D.Onebuyslatteoutoftrueloveofcoffee.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthepassage?A.Wefailtorealizeourinnerdispositions.B.Wecanbeinfluencedbyoutsidepressures.C.Ourbehavioristheresultofourtruedesires.D.Ourcharacterscanshapeoursocialrelationships.4.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?A.Personalitiesandattitudes.B.Preferencesandhabits.C.Behaviorandpersonalities.D.Attitudesandpreferences.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。观其行知其人，那么行为又是由什么来决定的呢?1.A【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段的第一句话可知答案。人们通常认为性格和态度决定一个人的行为。故选A。3.B【解析】考查推理判断。画线部分实际上是一个例子，例子前面往往是观点,因此根据画线部分前一句可知答案。我们有时候会受到外界压力的影响。故选B。4.C【解析】考查主旨大意。全文主要阐述的是人的行为和性格的关系，所以选择C项。B(2022·郑州质量检测三)YoumayhaveheardoftheAmericanDream，anidealthathaspoweredthehopesofAmericansforgenerations.ItbeganasabeliefthattheUSwasalandofopportunity，andthatanyonecouldachievesuccessthroughhardwork.Attimes，thedreamhasreferredtohome11\nownership，agoodjob，retirementsecurityoreachgenerationdoingbetterthanthelast.Yettoday，thisconceptseemstohavegreatlychanged.AsTimemagazinepointedout，quitedifferentfromtheoldergeneration，manyMillennials(thegenerationbornafter1980)redefine(重新定义)theAmericanDreamas“daytodaycontrolofyourlife”．They“prizejobmobility，flexibleschedules，anyworkthatismoreinterestingthantyping，andtheabilitytotravel”，saidthemagazine.Homeownership，oncethecornerstoneoftheAmericanDream，isbecomingasmallerpriorityforthisgeneration.Meanwhile，nearly40%ofthemchoosetravelaspartoftheirdream.Andentrepreneurship(创业)isarisingfavorite，asnearly26%ofMillennialsconsiderselfemploymentaspartoftheirdream.Sowhathasledtothishugechange?Manypointfingersatthepooreconomy.“ModernyoungAmericansseemboundtofaceaworldstampedbyevernarrowingopportunityandsocialstagnation(停滞)，”notedTheDailyBeast.“TherateofMillennialsoutofschoolandoutofworkisunusuallyhighat15%.Manycollegegraduateshavetakenjobsthatdon’trequireadegree，”Timereported.Themagazineworriesthatthesedifficultiesmayleadtoalostgenerationwhoare“unabletoevertrulyfindtheirfeetonthecorporation’sladder”．DanKadlec，areporterofTime，seesMillennialsasresettingtheirexpectations.“Thissituationisdifferentforyoungadultstoday，”hewrote.“AtrueAmericandreamhastofeelattainable，andmanyMillennialsarefeelingtheycanonly11\nattainadaytodaylifestylethatsuitsthem.”1．Theunderlinedword“cornerstone”inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto“________”．A．growth B．balanceC．basisD．purpose2．WhathaschangedMillennials’viewsoftheAmericanDreamaccordingtothepassage?A．Alackofconfidenceinthemselves.B．Fiercecompetitioninthejobmarket.C．Theirdissatisfactionwiththegovernment.D．Thediscouragingeconomyandunemployment.3．DanKadlecthinksMillennials’newdefinitionoftheAmericanDreamis________．A．beautifulB．understandableC．worryingD．positive4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．RedefinitionofAmericanDreamB．MeaningofAmericanDreamC．ValueofAchievingAmericanDreamD．HistoryofChangingAmericanDream【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了80后的美国人对美国梦的重新定义并分析了导致这一改变的原因。1．解析：选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句“Attimes，thedreamhasreferredtohomeownership，agoodjob，retirementsecurityoreachgenerationdoingbetterthan11\nthelast.”可知，最初的美国梦指的是房屋所有权、一份好的工作、退休保障或每一代比上一代做得好。根据第四段第一句“Homeownership，oncethecornerstoneoftheAmericanDream，isbecomingasmallerpriorityforthisgeneration.”可知，房屋所有权曾经是美国梦的基石，而对于这一代来说，却不那么重要了，由此可推知，画线词意为“基础”。故选C。2．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“Manypointfingersatthepooreconomy.”和第七段第一句“TherateofMillennialsoutofschoolandoutofworkisunusuallyhighat15%.”可知，经济低迷和高失业率导致80后的美国人对美国梦的认识发生了巨大变化。故选D。3．解析：选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“AtrueAmericandreamhastofeelattainable，andmanyMillennialsarefeelingtheycanonlyattainadaytodaylifestylethatsuitsthem.”可知，真实的美国梦必须让人觉得可以实现，而许多80后的美国人觉得他们只能实现适合他们的日常生活方式；由此可推知，DanKadlec认为年轻人对美国梦的定义更符合社会现状，更容易实现，更符合情理。B项意为“合情理的，正常的”。故选B。4．解析：选A。标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了80后的美国人对美国梦的重新定义并分析了导致这一改变的原因。A项意为“美国梦的重新定义”，符合本文大意，适合作标题。故选A。CChelyabinsk，Russia—Ameteorite(陨石)movedquicklyacrosstheskyandexplodedovercentralRussiaonFeb.15,2022，rainingfireballsoveravastareaandcausingashockwavethatsmashedwindows，damagedbuildingsandinjured1,200people.PeopleheadingtoworkinChelyabinskheardwhatsoundedlikeanexplosion，sawabrightlightandthenfelttheshockwave，accordingtoaReutersjournalistintheindustrialcity1,500kmeastofMoscow.Thefireball，travellingataspeedof30kmpersecondaccordingtoRussianspaceagencyRoscosmos，hadblazed(熊熊燃烧)acrossthehorizon，leavingalongwhitetrail11\nthatcouldbeseenasfaras200kmaway.Caralarmswentoff，thousandsofwindowswerebrokenandmobilephonenetworkswereinterruptedforashorttime.TheInteriorMinistrysaidthemeteoriteexplosion，averyrarespectacle，alsoreleasedagreatexplosivesound.“Iwasdrivingtowork.Itwasquitedark，butitsuddenlybecamebrightasifitwereday，”saidViktorProkofiev,36，aresidentofYekaterinburgintheUralsMountains.“IfeltlikeIwasblindedbyheadlights.”Themeteorite，whichweighedabout10tonnesandmayhavebeenmadeofiron，enteredEarth’satmosphereandbrokeapart30km50kmabovegroundaccordingtoRussia’sAcademyofSciences.“TheenergyreleasedwhenitenteredtheEarth’satmospherewasequaltoafewkilotonnes，”theacademysaid，“thepowerofasmallatomicweaponexploding.”NodeathswerereportedbuttheEmergenciesMinistrysaid20,000rescueandcleanupworkersweresenttoUralsRegionafterPresidentVladimirPutintoldEmergenciesMinisterVladimirPuchkovtoeaseandhelpthevictims.TheInteriorMinistrysaidabout1,200peoplehadbeeninjured，atleast200ofthemchildren，andmostfrombrokenpiecesofglass.1．Whatdowelearnaboutthemeteoritefromthepassage?A．Itisaveryhugeballmadeofiron.B．Itquicklybrokeapartontheground.C．ItexplodedoverRussia’sUralsRegion.D．It’ssimilartoanAbombinweight.22．Theunderlinedword“smashed”inPara.1isclosestinmeaningto“________”．A．broke B．meltedC．swallowed D．cleared3．Wecanknowfromthepassagethat________.A．Moscowis1,500kilometersawayfromtheeastofChelyabinskB．manyhousesweredestroyed，withlotsofpeoplereportedmissingC．ViktorProkofievbecameblindafterseeingtherarespectacleD．theshockwavebrieflyinfluencedmobilephonenetworks4．Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?A．“MeteoriteRush”BeginsinRussia11\nB．PresidentPutinOrdersAssistanceC．MeteoriteHitsRussia,1,200PeopleHurtD．MeteoriteFliesQuicklyAcrossRussia【参考答案】语篇解读 文章报道了陨石在俄罗斯乌拉尔地区爆炸，导致1200人受伤的事件。1．解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“explodedovercentralRussiaonFeb.15,2022”以及倒数第二段中的“rescueandcleanupworkersweresenttoUralsRegion”可知，陨石在俄罗斯乌拉尔地区爆炸。答案： C2．解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“causingashockwavethatsmashedwindows，damagedbuildingsandinjured1,200people”以及第四段中的“thousandsofwindowswerebroken”可推知smashed与broke的意思最接近。答案： A3．解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“mobilephonenetworkswereinterruptedforashorttime”可知D项正确。答案： D4．解析： 主旨大意题。第一段是本则新闻的主旨，C项既点明了事件主题“陨石袭击俄罗斯”，又报道了其后果“1200人受伤”，所以选C项。答案： C。D(2022·日照检测二)Whilemostteenagerswerestudyingtogetintoatopuniversity，one19yearoldboywasstarringinhisfirstmovie,BlueGateCrossing.ItwasafilmaboutloveoncampusanditwaswellreceivedinTaiwan.ManysayitwasthisfilmthatputBolinCheninpositionforhislaterglitteringcareerinshowbusiness.Infact,itwasnotuntilheplayedatroubledyoungmaninthemovieBuddhaMountainthatheregainedhispassionforacting.Whilebeingcalleda“youthidol”mayseemlikeacompliment,itisatitlethatChenhastriedtoshakeoff.Hebelievesthatayouthidolmeansyousimplyrely11\nonyourappearance,notyouractingtalent.ThemostimportantthingforChennowistotakemoreinitiative(主动性)asanactor.“Tome,anactorislikeachesspiece,waitingforproducersanddirectorstoputhimsomewheretheywanthimtobe，”Chen,toldNetEase.“ButIwanttobethegameplayer.”Heeventookhisambitionastepfurther—settinguphisownproductioncompany.ButjustwhenChenstartedtofocusonoffscreenwork,hislifeonscreentookanotherturn.HewonthetitleofBestLeadingActoratthe2022GoldenBellAwardsonOct.26forhisroleinhitTVdramaInTimewithYou.Whenaskedwhyheacceptedthepart，whichisanother“youthidol”role,hetoldYangchengEveningNews，“Iplayeditformygrandfather.HetoldeveryonearoundthatIamanactor,butIusedtoplayinmovies,notTVseries.Nowheisinthehospital.IhopethathecanwatchmyperformancesbysimplyturningontheTV.”Chenisaveteran(老手)intheentertainmentworld,butunlikemanystars,hehasn’tledaluxuriouslife.Hedoesn’tevenhaveacarbutwalks,ridesabikeortakesataxiwheneverhegoesout.Hedoesn’thaveahouse,either.“Everyonewilleventuallyfindsomeplacetoliveanyway,whybothertobuyproperty(地产)？”heaskedTaiwanmagazineBusinessToday.1．WhatdoesBolinChenthinkofhistitle“youthidol”？A．Helikesitverymuch.B．Hethinksitacompliment.C．Hewantstogetridofit.11\nD．Heisnotworthyofit.2．BolinChen’swordsinPara.4suggestthathe______.A．likestoplaygamessuchaschessB．wantstotakeanactivepartinproducinghisfilmsC．cannotgetalongwellwithsomedirectorsD．thinksproducersaremoreimportantinmakingafilm3.BolinChenplayedapartintheTVdramaInTimewithYoubecausehe______.A．failedinoffscreenworkB．hadbecomea“youthidol”C．wantedtodelighthisgrandfatherD．wantedtosucceedinthenewfield4.ThemainideaofthelastparagraphisthatBolinChen______.A．isaveteranintheentertainmentworldB．hasn’tmademuchmoneyfromhisworkC．doesn’tliketheentertainmentworldD．prefersadifferentlifestylefrommoststars【解题导语】 本文介绍了演员陈柏霖的不同之处，他不喜欢别人称呼自己为“青春偶像”，他努力拍戏，却没有像其他明星一样过着奢侈的生活。1．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“Whilebeingcalleda‘youthidol’mayseemlikeacompliment,itisatitlethatChenhastriedtoshakeoff.”可知，陈柏霖并不喜欢别人赞美自己为“青春偶像”，他想要摆脱这个称赞，故选C项。2．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ButIwanttobethegameplayer.”可知，作为一名演员，他想更加主动地参与电影的制作，故选B项。11\n3．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Iplayeditformygrandfather”和“IhopethathecanwatchmyperformancesbysimplyturningontheTV.”可知，他拍这个电视剧是为了让爷爷一打开电视就能看到他的表演，即为了使爷爷高兴，故选C项。4．解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Chenisaveteran(老手)intheentertainmentworld,butunlikemanystars,hehasn’tledaluxuriouslife.”可知，本句总领本段，指出陈柏霖和其他大多数明星的不同之处，他没有过着奢侈的生活，故选D项。E(2022·深圳第一次调研)Muchinformationcanbeconveyed，purelythroughoureyes,sotheexpression“eyesalsotalk”isoftenheard.Canyourecallanyexperiencethatfurtherprovesthisstatement？Onabusyoumayquicklyglanceatastranger，butnotmakeeyecontact.Ifhesensesthatheisbeingstaredat，hemayfeeluncomfortable.Itisthesameindailylife.Ifyouarestaredatformorethannecessary，youwilllookatyourselfupanddowntoseeifthereisanythingwrongwithyou.Ifnothinggoeswrong，youwillfeelangryaboutother’sstaringatyouthatway.Eyesdoconveyinformation，right?Lookingtoolongatsomeonemayseemtoberudeandaggressive.Butthingsaredifferentwhenitcomestostaringattheoppositesex.Ifamanlooksatawomanformorethan10secondsandrefusestoturnawayhisgaze(注视)，hisintentionsareobvious.Thatis，hewishestoattractherattention，tomakeherunderstandthatheisshowingaffectionforher.However，thenormaleyecontactfortwopeopleengagedinconversationisthatthespeakerwillonlylookatthelistenerfromtimetotime,inordertomakesurethatthelistenerdoespayattentiontowhattheformerisspeaking,totellhimthatheisattentive.Ifaspeakerlooksatyoucontinuouslywhenspeaking，asifhetriestocontrolyou,youwillfeeluneasy.Apoorliarusuallyexposeshimselfbylookingtoolongatthevictim,sincehebelievesthefalseideathattolookstraightintheeyeisasignofhonestcommunication.Infact,continuouseyecontacthappensbetweenloversonly,whowillenjoy11\nlookingateachothertenderlyforalongtime,toshowlovethatwordscannotexpress.Evidently,eyecontactshouldbedoneaccordingtotherelationshipbetweentwopeopleandthespecificsituation.1．Whatmayapersonusuallydoonabus?A．Glanceatastrangerwitheyecontact.B．Useeyestotalktoastrangerpolitely.C．Glanceatastrangerwithouteyecontact.D．Talktoastrangerpolitelyafteraquickglance.2．Whatdoesitmeanifamanlooksatawomanforover10seconds?A．Helikeshereyes.B．Headmiresher.C．Heknowsherwell.D．Hemakescontactwithher.3．Whyisapoorliareasytobeseenthrough?A．Hethinksthatheishonest.B．Hewantstocontrolthevictim.C．Hefeelsuneasyaboutothers’eyecontact.D．Helooksstraightatthevictimfortoolongatime.4．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．EyesCanSpeakB．EyeContactMattersC．Don’tStareatOthersD．UseYourEyeContact参考答案1—4、CBDA11
