2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练8含解析

2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（8）李仕才A(2022·长春监测二)Afewyearsago,I__felt__like__I__was__stuck__in__a__rut(车辙)，soIdecidedtofollowinthefootstepsofagreatAmericanphilosopher,MorganSpurlock，andtrysomethingnewfor30days.Theideaisactuallyprettysimple.Thinkaboutsomethingyou’vealwayswantedtoaddtoyourlifeandtryitforthenext30days.Itturnsout30daysisjusttherightamountoftime.There’reafewthingsIlearnedwhiledoingthese30daychallenges.Thefirstwasthetimewasmuchmorememorable.ThiswaspartofachallengeIdidtotakeapictureeveryday.IalsonoticedthatasIstartedtodomoreandharder30daychallenges，myselfrecognitiongrew.Iwentfromadeskdwellingcomputernerd(电脑迷)tothekindofguywhobikedtowork.Evenlastyear，IendeduphikingupMt.Kilimanjaro.IwouldneverhavebeenthatadventurousbeforeIstartedmy30daychallenges.Ialsofiguredoutthatifyoureallywantsomethingbadlyenough,youcandoanythingfor30days.Haveyoueverwantedtowriteanovel？Tensofthousandsofpeopletrytowritetheirown50，000wordnovelin30days.Itturnsoutthatallyouhavetodoiswrite1，667wordsadayforamonth.SoIdid.Sohere’smyquestiontoyou：Whatareyouwaitingfor？Thenext30daysaregoingtopasswhetheryoulikeitornot，sowhynotthinkaboutsomethingyouhavealwayswantedtotryandgiveitashot!1．TheunderlinedsentenceinPara.1means________．A．IfeltmylifewasunchangedandboringB．Ididn’tlikefollowingothers’footstepsC．IthoughtthatIwasintroubleD．itseemedthatmycarbrokedown2．TheauthordidallthefollowingthingseverydaytochangeEXCEPT________．A．takeaphotoB．cycletoworkC．writeover1，000wordsD．sticktocomputergames12\n3．Theauthorofthepassageaimsto________．A．talkabouthisownexperiencesB．encouragepeopletotrysomethingnewC．introduceanewphilosophyD．showpeoplethechallengesinlife4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．WouldYouLiketoChangeYourself?B．FedupWithYourLifeC．WaystoChallengeYourselfD．TrySomethingNewfor30Days【解题导语】　本文讲述了作者的亲身经历，告诉读者30天刚好是一段合适的时间去养成一个新的习惯或改掉一个旧的习惯。1．A　解析：句意理解题。根据soIdecidedtofollowinthefootstepsofagreatAmericanphilosopher，MorganSpurlock，andtrysomethingnewfor30days可知，作者认为固有的生活轨迹禁锢了自己，让自己的生活变得乏味。因此决定追随伟大的哲学家摩根·斯珀洛克的思想，用30天的时间去尝试新事物。故选A项。2．D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的关键信息takeapicture和bikedtowork以及第四段中的Itturnsoutthatallyouhavetodoiswrite1，667wordsadayforamonth.SoIdid.可知作者在尝试改变的过程中没有沉溺于网络游戏。故选D项。3．B　解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容，特别是最后一段中的Whatareyouwaitingfor？可知，作者的写作目的是鼓励人们去尝试自己想做的事情，尝试新事物。故选B项。4．D　解析：标题归纳题。作者强调的是用30天尝试一些新的事情，做出改变。故D项符合文章主旨。B(2022·河南毕业班适应性模拟练习)Indianswholikealcoholusuallychoosewhiskeyastheirdrink.But,slowly,wineisgrowingmorepopularinthecountry.India’sfirstvineyard,afarmwheregrapesaregrown,isnamedSula.NageshKambleandhiswifeSnehalhavecometothehillyvineyardfromPune,abouttwohundredkilometerssouth.Theyoungcouplewantedtolearnhowwineismade.Theybegandrinkingwineataspecialeventtwoyearsago.12\n“ItwasinPunewhentherewasawinetastingfestivalgoingon.”SnehalKambletellswhythecouplechosethistimetocometoSula.“...itisouranniversarythisweek,sowearekindofcelebrating.”SulaVineyardsisIndia’slargestIndianwinemaker.TenyearsagoitopenedatastingroomtocreateawinecultureamongpeopleliketheKambles.About200，000peoplevisiteveryyear.Itisespeciallybusyonweekends.Visitorsexplorethevineyards.Then,theylearnhowtotastewine.Indiantraditionhasnotbeenapprovingofalcoholicdrinks.Anduntilnow,whiskeyisthekindofalcoholthatthegeneralpublichasaccepted.NeerajAgarwalisvicepresidentofSulaVineyards.Hehasseenthechangethathastakenplacesincethecompanystruggledtosellitsfirstseveralthousandbottlesofwinein2000.LastyearSulasoldmorethansevenmillionbottles.Mr.Agarwalbelievesthatwineishelpingchangeopinionaboutalcohol.“Infiveyears,thescenariohascompletelychanged.Earlier,talkingaboutalcoholintheopenandseeingawomanhavingaglassofwineinhandwasataboo(禁忌).Now,it’swonderful,familiescoming,sittingtogetherandenjoying.”YoungprofessionalsarethemainsupportsofthegrowthinIndia’swinemarket.Themarketisexpandingatabout13percentayear.Indianwomenstillrepresentaverysmallnumberofthewinedrinkersinthecountry.Buttheirnumbersaregrowingmorethantwiceasfastasmen.InbigcitieslikeDelhiandMumbai,womenbuyingwineorhavingadrinkisnolongerconsideredunacceptable.1．NageshKambleandhiswifecametoSulaVineyardsmainlyto________．12\nA．takechargeofthevineyardB．learnaboutwinemakingC．createawinetastingcultureD．celebratetheirweddinganniversary2．WhomostprobablymadetheremarksinParagraph6?A．Awinesalesman.B．ThevicepresidentofSulaVineyards.C．Ayoungprofessional.D．Avisitorwhoexploredthevineyards.3．WhocontributesmosttothegrowthinIndia’swinemarket?A．Vineyardsvisitors.B．Winemakers.C．Indianwomen.D．Youngprofessionals.4．Thetextmainlytellsusthat________．A．thereisaloveofwinegrowinginIndiaB．IndiansusuallychoosewhiskeyastheirdrinkC．SulaVineyardsisIndia’slargestIndianwinemakerD．Indianmenrepresentthelargestnumberofwinedrinkers　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章以一对年轻夫妇到一个葡萄园学习酿酒的事情，阐述了一个事实：一直反对饮酒的印度人现在开始理解并越来越接受饮酒。这些主要源于年轻一代的支持。1．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“Theyoungcouplewantedtolearnhow12\nwineismade.”可知，他们夫妻俩是来葡萄园学习如何酿酒的。故选B。2．解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Mr.Agarwalbelievesthatwineishelpingchangeopinionaboutalcohol.”可知，葡萄园副园长Mr.Agarwal认为现在人们改变了对酒精的态度，而第六段是具体阐述，即第六段中的话也是副园长Mr.Agarwal说的。故选B。3．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“YoungprofessionalsarethemainsupportsofthegrowthinIndia’swinemarket.”可知，D项正确。4．解析：选A。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，以前印度人是反对酒精的，而这些年情况逐渐改变，印度人越来越喜欢饮酒。A项概括了本文的主要内容。故选A。CBurstingintotheclassroomfromrecess(课间休息),15childrentaketheirseatsandfacethewomantheyknowasMs.Yang.“Whatdayisittoday？”sheasks,inMandarinChinese(普通话)．“Confucius'birthday！”thefifthgradersshoutinMandarin.“WhydowecelebrateConfucius'birthday？”“Becausehe'sthegreatestteacherinthehistoryofChina！”exclaimsabrownhairedgirl.SheisspeakingMandarin.EnglishisrarelyheardinLisaYang'sclassattheChineseAmericanInternationalSchool(CAIS),despitethefactthatfewstudentsarenativespeakersofMandarin.TheUnitedStatesisactivelytryingtoincreasethegroupofstudentsin“criticallanguages”suchasMandarin.ThestudentsatCAISarewayaheadinsuchatrend.Founded25yearsago,thissmallprivateschoolinSanFrancisco,USA,doeswhatfewotherAmericanschoolsdo:ItproducesfullyfluentspeakersofMandarinChinese,byfarthemostcommonlyspokenlanguageintheworld.MandarinChineseissuddenlyhotinAmericanschools.AsChinabecomestheworld'sleadingeconomysometimesthiscentury,schoolsintheU.S.arescramblingtoaddMandarintotheirlistofforeignlanguagesorexpandChineseprogramsalreadyinplace.“Itreallyisalmostunprecedented(无前例的).PeoplearelookingatChinaasaforcetobereckonedwith...AndtoensurethattheU.S.hastheabilitytoconducttrade,12\nandtoworkwiththeChinese,certainlyhavinganunderstandingofChineselanguageandcultureisanadvantage，”saidMartyAbbottoftheAmericanCouncilontheTeachingofForeignLanguages(ACTFL)．TodevelopChineselanguageprogramshasnotbeensmooth.Ashortageoftrainedteachershasmadeitdifficultforsomeschoolstojointherace.Whenschoolsdogetteachers,theyoftenhirethemstraightfromChina,andtheteachersusuallysuffercultureshockwhentheycometotheU.S.RobertLiuremembershisfirsttwoyearsinanAmericanclassroom.Itwasnotaneasyadjustment.“InChina,studentsrespecttheirteachers，”hesaid.LiufoundthatAmericanstudents,however,expectanactiveteachingstyle.Hehadtousegamestoengagethemratherthanlectures.Toavoidmanyoftheproblemswithforeignteachingstyles,theCAIShasbeenworkingwiththeChinesegovernmenttoimprovetrainingofteacherswhoaresenttotheU.S.文章大意：本文为一篇说明文。随着中国经济地位的增长，美国的很多学校掀起了学习汉语的热潮。1．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．UnderstandingChineselanguageandcultureishelpfultoworkwithChinese.B．Chineselanguageprogramshavemettroubleduringthedevelopment.C．ManyotherAmericanschoolsdothesameasCAIS,founded25yearsago.D．AlackoftrainedMandarinChineseteachersisaproblemfortheprograms.答案：C　推理判断题。根据文章第八段第一句“Founded25yearsago,thissmallprivateschoolinSanFrancisco,USA,doeswhatfewotherAmericanschoolsdo...”可知，C项中“ManyotherAmericanschools”表述错误。故答案选C。2．WhatkindofproblemisthemostdifficulttoadjustinteachingChineseinAmerica?A．ToadaptthemselvestotheAmericanlifestyles.B．TocommunicatewiththeAmericanstudents.C．TogetalongwellwiththeAmericanstudents.D．Tobefitfortheculturaldifferencesinteachingstyles.答案：D　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句中的“theteachersusuallysuffercultureshockwhentheycometotheU.S．”和倒数第二段内容可知，中国老师到美国任教时，遭遇到的最大问题就是文化冲击，由于教学风格的不同，老师们需要做出很大的调整。故答案选D。3．Themeaningoftheunderlinedword“scrambling”issimilarto________.A．climbingB．rushing12\nC．changingD．beating答案：B　词义猜测题。根据第九段画线词上下句内容可知，画线词所在句的句意为：由于中国将会成为本世纪领先的经济体，很多美国学校正在加紧将普通话列入他们的外语名单当中或扩大现在已有的汉语项目。因此，画线词应为“加速，加紧”之意，故答案选B。4．Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat________.A．thestudentsinLisaYang'sclassusuallyspeakChineseB．therearefewAmericanstudentsinLisaYang'sclassC．wecelebrateConfucius'birthdaybecausehe'sthegreatesthistoryteacherD．inAmericathestudentsdon'trespecttheirteachers答案：A　细节理解题。根据第六段中“EnglishisrarelyheardinLisaYang'sclass...”可知，在杨老师的课堂上很少用英语。A项表述正确。故答案选A。根据第五段的内容可知，C项错误；B、D两项在原文中没有涉及。故排除。D(2022·河南三市第二次调研)Mostly,onlyasingleansweriscorrecttoaquestion.Butthereisonequestionthathasnumberlesscorrectanswers.Thatquestionis“What’syourname？”Everyonegivesadifferentanswer,buteveryoneiscorrect.Haveyoueverwonderedaboutpeople’snames?Wheredotheycomefrom?Whatdotheymean?People’sfirstnames,orgivennames,arechosenbytheirparents.Sometimesthenameofagrandparentorothermembersofthefamilyisused.Someparentschoosethenameofawellknownperson.AboycouldbenamedGeorgeWashingtonSmith;agirlcouldbenamedHelenKellerJones.Somepeoplegivetheirchildrennamesthatmeangoodthings.Clarameans“bright”；Beatricemeans“onewhogiveshappiness”；Donaldmeans“worldruler”；Leonardmeans“asbraveasalion”．12\nTheearliestlastnames,orsurnames,weretakenfromplacenames.AfamilywiththenameBrookorBrooksprobablylivednearabrook;someonewhowascalledLongstreetprobablylivedonalong,pavedroad.TheGreenwoodfamilylivedinornearaleafyforest.Otherearlysurnamescamefrompeople’soccupations.ThemostcommonoccupationalnameisSmith,whichmeansapersonwhomakesthingswithironorothermetals.Inthepast,Smithswereveryimportantworkersineverytownandvillage.Someotheroccupationalnamesare：Carter—apersonwhoownedordroveacart;Potter—apersonwhomadepotsandpans.TheancestorsoftheBakerfamilyprobablybakedbreadfortheirneighborsintheirnativevillage.TheCarpenter’sgreatgreatgreatgrandfatherprobablybuilthousesandfurniture.Sometimespeoplewereknownforthecoloroftheirhairorskin,ortheirsize,ortheirspecialabilities.WhenthereweretwomenwhowerenamedJohninthesamevillage,theJohnwiththegrayhairprobablybecameJohnGray.OrtheJohnwhowasverytallcouldcallhimselfJohnTallman.JohnFishwasprobablyanexcellentswimmerandJohnLightfootwasprobablyafastrunneroragooddancer.Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather’sname.Englishspeakingpeopleaddedsorson.TheJohnsonsaredescendantsofJohn;theRobertsfamily’sancestorwasRobert.IrishandScottishpeopleaddedMacorMcorO.PerhapsalloftheMacDonnellsandtheMcDonnellsandtheO’DonnellsaredescendantsofthesameDonnell.12\n1．WhichofthefollowingisNOTcoveredinthesurnamesofthepassage?A．People’scharacters.B．People’soccupations.C．Placeswherepeoplelived.D．Talentsthatpeoplepossessed.2．Accordingtothepassage,theancestorsofthePotterfamilymostprobably________．A．ownedordroveacartB．madethingswithmetalsC．builthousesandfurnitureD．madekitchentoolsorcontainers3．SupposeanEnglishcouplewhoseancestorslivednearaleafyforestwantedtheirnewbornsontobecomeaworldleader,thebabymightbenamed________．A．BeatriceSmithB．LeonardCarterC．DonaldGreenwoodD．GeorgeLongstreet4．Theunderlinedword“descendants”inthelastparagraphmeansaperson’s________．A．ancestorsB．latergenerationsC．friendsandrelatives12\nD．colleaguesandpartners【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了西方人姓名的来历。西方人的姓一般跟居住地、职业和个人天赋有关；名字常常用以表达个人美好的愿望。有一些家庭的孩子的名字是在父亲的名字后面加上s或者son。1．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第五段第二句中的“AfamilywiththenameBrookorBrooksprobablylivednearabrook”可知，姓可能跟居住地有关，故排除C项；根据第六段第一句“Otherearlysurnamescamefrompeople’soccupations.”可知，姓可能与职业有关，故排除B项；根据第八段第一句“Sometimespeoplewereknownforthecoloroftheirhair...ortheirspecialabilities.”可知，姓可能与人的头发的颜色、特殊的技能等有关，故排除D项；只有A项文中未提及。故A项正确。2．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“Otherearlysurnamescamefrompeople’soccupations.”可知，姓与职业有关；根据该段最后一句中的“Potter—apersonwhomadepotsandpans”可知，姓Potter的人，很可能是从事制造炊事用具的人。potsandpans意为“炊事用具”。故D项正确。3．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“TheGreenwoodfamilylivedinornearaleafyforest.”可知，住在森林附近的人姓Greenwood；根据第四段中的“Donaldmeans‘worldruler’”可知，Donald意为“世界的统治者”，由此可推知，一个住在森林附近、想要他的孩子成为世界领袖的人，他给孩子起的名字应为DonaldGreenwood。故C项正确。4．解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一、二句“Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather’sname.Englishspeakingpeopleaddedsorson.”可知，有一些家庭的孩子的名字是在父亲的名字后面加上s或者son，由此可推知，Johnsons是John的后代。故画线词意为“后代”。故B项正确。EImaginethisscene:it’sblowingoutside,andyousnuggle(蜷伏)uponthesofaunderawarmquilt,chattingandrecallingwithyourclosestfriends.12\nThatcontent,cosyfeelinghasanameinDanish—hygge.And,asDenmarkrecentlywonthetitleof“thehappiestcountryintheworld”,theconceptofhyggeisknowntomoreandmorepeopleinterestedinfindingwaystounderstandthisconcept.Hygge—originallyfromaNorwegianwordmeaningwell-being—doesn’thaveanexactequivalent(等同物)inEnglish.It’softentranslatedascoziness,orasbloggerAnnaWesttoldtheBBC,“cozinessofthesoul”.But,asprofessorMarenSparkexplains,“Hyggewasnevermeanttobetranslated.Itwasmeanttobefelt.”Basically,hyggeinvolvescreatingawarm,cosyatmosphereandenjoyingitwithyourlovedones.Danishwintersarelonganddarkandsoachievinghyggeisparticularlyrelevantduringthisseason.AtypicalHyggeactivityduringwintercouldbeenjoyingdelicioushomemadefoodandlight-heartedconversationwithfriends—preferablyinthewarmglowofcandlelight,ormaybesippingaglassofwineinthehottubafteradayspentskiing.However,hyggeisn’tonlylimitedtothecoldwintermonths—itcanalsodescribethatwarm,fuzzyfeelingyougetafterawalkthroughaforestwithfriendsonsummer’sdayorafamilybarbecueinthepark.Hyggeismeanttobeshared.1.Theauthorasksthereaderstoimaginethesceneinthefirstparagraphto_________.A.helpthereaderstocalmdownB.introducethetopicofthepassageC.presentthemainideaofthepassageD.remindthereadersoftheirpastmemories2.WhatdotheunderlinedwordsbyMarenSparkmean?A.Thetranslationoftheword“hygge”isnotgoodenough.B.OnlyDanishspeakersknowwhat“hygge”means.C.“Hygge”iseasytotranslatebuthardtofeel.D.Wecangetthetruemeaningof“hygge”byfeelingit.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbebestdescribedasa“hygge”activity?A.Skiinginthecoldwintermonths.B.Livingthroughlongdarkwinters.12\nC.Takingafternoonteawithfriends.D.Walkingaloneintheforest.4.Theauthorwritesthispassageto_________.A.explainB.persuadeC.commentD.advertise【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，举例说明丹麦语hygge只可意会不可言传，需要用心去感受。1.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段首句“Thatcontent,cosyfeelinghasanameinDanish—hygge.”可知，作者让读者想想这样舒适的场景就是为了引出hygge这一话题。2.D【解析】推理判断题。根据画线部分前的“doesn’thaveanexactequivalentinEnglish.”可知，画线部分的意思是hygge只可意会不可言传。4.A【解析】写作意图题。根据文章内容可知，文章通过举例说明hygge只可意会不可言传，所以本文是为了解释丹麦语hygge的意思。12