完形填空(建议用时:40分钟)A(2022·徐州模拟)体裁夹叙夹议文话题助人感悟词数316Ihadn’tevengotachancetoenterthestorebeforeanAfricanAmericanwomanapproachedmeandaskedifIwouldhelpherreturnanitem(商品).Theitemshehad 1 wasintendedforherdaughter,butshehadalreadyreceiveda 2 one.Thelady 3 toexchangetheitemforsomethingelseinthestorebutshewastoldsheneededanID 4 thedealcouldnottakeplace.Iwenttothe 5 withthewomansowecouldusemyID.Thesalesassociateimmediatelystarted 6 herofaskingthefirst 7 personshesawtohelpher.Althoughthatwas 8 ,Ididn’tunderstandwhyit 9 .Afterall,noteveryoneisgiventheopportunityto 10 anIDinthiscountry.Then,weaskedtospeakwithamanager,whoexplainedthattherewasno 11 toreturntheitemwithoutareceiptandthenwentontosaythewomancouldnot 12 shepurchasedtheitem.“ 13 I,ayoungwhitefemale,weretoenterthestoreandrequestyoutomakeanexchangewithoutareceipt,Iwouldnotbe 14 theprivilege—asIhaveprooffromthepast,”Isaid.Hemusthaverealizedatthatmomentwhathehaddone,becausehe 15 toexchangetheitem.Therearemanyvaluablelessonsinthestory.Thefirstistohelpastrangerinneed.I 16 whenthewomanaskedformyhelp,but 17 inmyheadIaskedmyself,“Whynot?Whatvalid 18 doIactuallyhave?”Ihadnone,soIhelpedher.Thesecondlessonisnottojudgeabookbyits 19 .Thewomanlookedpoor,butshe 20 thesametreatmentasanyoneelsedoes.1.A.purchased B.shown C.lost D.mended2.A.sameB.popularC.similarD.different3.A.managedB.wantedC.refusedD.promised4.A.forB.orC.andD.so5.A.counterB.departmentC.marketD.window6.A.warningB.informing-8-\nC.remindingD.accusing7.A.fairB.familiarC.impossibleD.random8.A.wrongB.trueC.reasonableD.meaningful9.A.matteredB.happenedC.passedD.worked10.A.leaveB.payC.findD.obtain11.A.requestB.placeC.wayD.need12.A.answerB.proveC.supportD.admit13.A.UnlessB.AndC.InsteadD.If14.A.orderedB.askedC.deniedD.given15.A.agreedB.preparedC.failedD.remembered16.A.struggledB.wonderedC.hesitatedD.nodded17.A.totallyB.graduallyC.hardlyD.quickly18.A.feelingsB.goalsC.reasonsD.ideas19.A.designB.coverC.contentD.price20.A.deservedB.requiredC.receivedD.appreciated【拓展训练】翻译句子。1.你在指责我作弊吗?(accuse)____________________________________________________________________2.他们会把他们取得的任何进步都告诉他。(inform)____________________________________________________________________3.这张旧照片使我想起了我们最后一次见面。(remind)____________________________________________________________________4.他们警告他说独自航行危险重重。(warn)-8-\n____________________________________________________________________B(2022·北京模拟)体裁夹议文话题事物的全面性词数301Bewareofthosewhousethetruthtodeceive(欺骗).Whensomeonetellsyousomethingthatis 1 ,butleavesoutimportantinformationthatshouldbe 2 ,hecancreateafalseimpression.Forexample,someonemightsay,“Ijust 3 ahundreddollarsonthelottery.Itwasgreat.Itookthatdollarticketbacktothestoreand 4 itinforonehundreddollars!”Thisguyisawinner, 5 ?Maybe,maybenot.Wethendiscoverthatheboughttwohundred 6 ,andonlyonewasawinner.He’sreallyabig 7 !Hedidn’tsayanythingthatwas 8 ,buthedeliberatelyleftoutsomeimportant 9 .That’scalledahalf-truth.Half-truthsarenottechnically 10 ,buttheyarejustasnot 11 .Untrustworthycandidatesin 12 campaignsoftenusethistactic(手段).Let’ssaythatduringGovernorSmith’slastterm,thestatelostonemillionjobsand 13 threemillionjobs.Thenshe 14 anotherterm.Oneofheropponentsrunsanad 15 ,“DuringGovernorSmith’sterm,thestatelostonemillionjobs!”That’strue. 16 ,anhoneststatementwouldhavebeen,“DuringGovernorSmith’sterm,thestatehadanetgainof 17 millionjobs.”Advertiserswillsometimesusehalf-truths.It’s 18 thelawtomakefalseclaimssotheytrytomisleadyouwiththe 19 .Anadmightboast,“NineoutoftendoctorsrecommendYuckyPillstocurenosepimples.”It 20 tomentionthattheyonlyaskedtendoctorsandnineofthemworkfortheYuckyCorporation.Thiskindofdeceptionhappenstoooften.It’sasadfactoflife:Liesarelies,andsometimesthetruthcanlieaswell.1.A.falseB.trueC.interestingD.boring2.A.includedB.containedC.ignoredD.referred3.A.lostB.foundC.donatedD.won-8-\n4.A.changedB.tookC.turnedD.made5.A.rightB.wellC.reallyD.though6.A.booksB.papersC.ticketsD.balls7.A.winnerB.loserC.fighterD.thinker8.A.trueB.realC.doubtfulD.false9.A.detailsB.informationC.mistakesD.errors10.A.storiesB.truthC.messagesD.lies11.A.pleasantB.excitingC.honestD.clever12.A.politicalB.commercialC.personalD.public13.A.stoppedB.foundC.avoidedD.gained14.A.seeksB.getsC.achievesD.searches15.A.writingB.tellingC.sayingD.speaking16.A.OtherwiseB.HoweverC.MeanwhileD.Because17.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four18.A.forB.toC.againstD.in19.A.wordsB.factsC.dataD.truth20.A.failsB.triesC.managesD.plans【拓展训练】根据文章内容回答问题。1.Supposeaboysayshewaslateforschoolbecausehehadaflattire,howcanyoufindheistellingahalf-truth?(nomorethan20words)____________________________________________________________________2.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardthesituationinthepassage?(nomorethan10words)-8-\n____________________________________________________________________答案解析A【文章大意】作者通过讲述在商店里帮助一位穷顾客的故事,说明了两个道理:第一,做人应该有一副热心肠;第二,人无论贫富,都是平等的,都应享受同等的权利和地位。1.【解析】选A。考查词汇复现。根据第三段中shepurchasedtheitem可知,她买的这件商品本来是为女儿买的。2.【解析】选C。考查前后照应。根据下文exchangetheitemforsomethingelse,应该是她的女儿已经有了类似的东西。如果选A项的话,要将a改成the。3.【解析】选B。考查词义辨析。因为女儿已经有了类似的东西,所以这位妇女想换一件另外的商品。managetodosth.成功做了某事;wanttodosth.想要做某事;refusetodosth.拒绝做某事;promisetodosth.许诺做某事。4.【解析】选B。考查前后照应。根据下一段的内容可知,调换商品需要有ID卡(商家发放的一种顾客身份标识卡)才可以,否则无法调换。5.【解析】选A。考查背景常识。根据常识可知既然作者决定帮助这位妇女,应该和她一起走到商店的柜台处。6.【解析】选D。考查对上下文语境的理解。根据全文语境可以看出,这位黑人妇女在商店受到了不公正的待遇,被拒绝调换商品。售货员看到她找到作者帮助,十分不礼貌地指责她不应该随便找个人来帮忙。accuse指责;warn警告;inform通知;remind提醒。7.【解析】选D。考查词义辨析。random任意的;fair公平的;familiar熟悉的;impossible不可能的。8.【解析】选B。考查对上下文语境的理解。这位妇女并不认识作者,找到她属于随机行为。因此售货员的话符合事实。9.【解析】选A。考查词义辨析。售货员所指责的情况属实,但作者不明白随便找个人来帮忙就有那么值得关注吗(有什么值得如此大惊小怪的呢)。matter关系重大;happen发生;pass通过;work工作。10.【解析】选D。考查词义辨析。毕竟不是所有的人都有机会获得ID卡的。obtain得到;leave离开;pay付款;find找到。-8-\n11.【解析】选C。考查前后照应。根据下文“thenwentontosaythewomancouldnot shepurchasedtheitem.”说明经理要设置退换商品的门槛。经理解释说即使有了ID卡,如果没有收据的话,也是没有办法退换商品的。12.【解析】选B。考查背景常识。根据常识可知,收据能证明该商品是在他这里买的。13.【解析】选D。考查语法结构。经理的这种无赖的行为激怒了作者,于是作者以自己的经历为例来进行反驳。if如果;unless除非;and和instead均不能引导条件状语从句。14.【解析】选C。考查词义辨析。如果我,一位白人女性,到这里要求换货,没有收据,我是不会被(你们)拒绝的。因为我有过去的经历为证。deny拒绝;order命令,订购;ask要求;give给。15.【解析】选A。考查对上下文语境的理解。从语境可知,经理意识到自己的言行失当,因此同意换商品。agree同意;prepare准备;fail失败;remember记住。16.【解析】选C。考查前后照应。根据句中but后面的内容可知,作者在妇女请求帮助时,一开始也犹豫过。17.【解析】选D。考查词义辨析。但她很快地调整心态,扪心自问:“为什么不帮她,我有不帮她的正当理由吗?”quickly迅速地;totally完全,全部地;gradually逐渐地;hardly几乎没有。18.【解析】选C。考查词义辨析。reason理由;idea主意;feeling感情;goal目标。19.【解析】选B。考查固定表达。从下文可知,这位妇女看起来非常穷。售货员和经理的无礼行为可能与此有关。作者想要表达的是,我们不应该以貌取人(不能通过书的封皮确定一本书的质量)。20.【解析】选A。考查词义辨析。人虽然穷,但有资格和别人享受同等的待遇。deserve值得;require要求;receive收到;appreciate感激。【拓展训练】1.Areyouaccusingmeofcheating?2.Theywillinformhimofanyprogresstheyhavemade.3.Theoldphotoremindedmeofthelasttimewehadmet.4.Theywarnedhimofthedangersofsailingalone.B 【文章大意】作者以只给出部分事实的事情为例,指出我们不应该只看事物的表面事实,因为这些事实有时是片面的。1.【解析】选B。考查词语复现。根据Bewareofthosewhousethetruthtodeceive.可知。2.【解析】选A。考查词义辨析。当有人告诉你部分事实,但省略了应该包括在内的重要信息时,他就能创造虚假的印象。include通常表示把某事物或某人作为其中的一部分包含在内;-8-\ncontain通常指某容器中盛或装有某物,还可以指某种物质中含有某成分或含有其他物质;ignore忽视;refer提及。3.【解析】选D。考查对上下文语境的理解。根据下文Thisguyisawinner可知是买彩票中了一百美元。win赢得;lose失去;find找到;donate捐赠。4.【解析】选C。考查固定搭配。turnin上交;change改变;take拿;make制作。5.【解析】选A。考查对上下文语境的理解。根据Maybe,maybenot.可知,本句意为“这个人是个赢家,对吗?”6.【解析】选C。考查对上下文语境的理解。根据Itookthatdollarticketbacktothestoreand itinforonehundreddollars!”可知。7.【解析】选B。考查背景常识。买彩票的人买了200张彩票,但只赢了100美元,因此是输家。8.【解析】选D。考查对上下文语境的理解。根据That’scalledahalf-truth.可知。9.【解析】选B。考查词语复现。根据第一段中Whensomeonetellsyousomethingthatis ,butleavesoutimportantinformationthatshouldbe ,hecancreateafalseimpression.可知。10.【解析】选D。考查词语复现。根据文章最后一句Liesarelies,andsometimesthetruthcanlieaswell.可知。11.【解析】选C。考查背景常识。根据常识可知half-truths不诚实。12.【解析】选A。考查前后照应。根据下文所举的例子来看,这是一次政治竞选活动。political政治的;commercial商业的;personal个人的;public公开的。13.【解析】选D。考查词语复现。根据DuringGovernorSmith’sterm,thestatehadanetgainof millionjobs.”可知。14.【解析】选A。考查对上下文语境的理解。史密斯州长谋求第二个任期。seek谋求;get得到;achieve达到;search搜寻。15.【解析】选C。考查词义辨析。根据ad可知是广告上写着……。16.【解析】选B。考查对上下文语境的理解。分析句意可知前后为转折关系。however然而;otherwise否则;meanwhile与此同时;because因为。17.【解析】选B。考查对上下文语境的理解。根据Let’ssaythatduringGovernorSmith’slastterm,thestatelostonemillionjobsand________threemillionjobs.可知。18.【解析】选C。考查背景常识。造假当然是违背法律的。19.【解析】选D。考查前后照应。根据句中的false可知。20.【解析】选A。考查词义辨析。它未提及他们只问了十名医生,其中九名为theYuckyCorporation工作。-8-\n【拓展训练】1.Hedidn’ttellheactuallycametoschoolbybus./Hehadaflattireafterhegottoschool.2.Thewriterfeltdisappointed/sadbuthelpless.-8-
