专题十 定语从句1.(2022·安徽卷)Theexactyear______AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2022.A.when B.whereC.why D.which2.(2022·北京卷)IborrowthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,________myclassmatesrecommendedtome.A.whoB.whichC.when D.where3.(2022·福建卷)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities________theycangainexperienceforgrowth.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.where4.(2022·江西卷)Amongthemanydangers________—sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.A.whichB.whatC.where D.when5.(2022·江西卷)Itwasthemiddleofthenight________myfatherwokemeupandtoldmetowatchthefootballgame.A.thatB.asC.which D.when6.(2022·浙江卷)Idon'tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,________Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.A.whenB.whereC.which D.why7.(2022·江苏卷)Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especiallyatwork________agoodimpressionisamust.A.whichB.whenC.asD.where8.(2022·湖南卷)Iamlookingforwardtotheday________mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.A.asB.whyC.when D.where9.(2022·山东卷)Acompany________profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.A.whichB.whoseC.who D.why10.(2022·四川卷)Untilnow,wehaveraised50，000poundsforthepoorchildren,________isquiteunexpected.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.it1.【答案】D【解析】句意：Angela和她的家人一起在中国度假确切是在2022年。先行词是theexact-10-\nyear，后面的定语从句AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChina中动词spent后面缺少宾语，所以使用关系代词which，在句中作宾语。2.【答案】B【解析】句意：上个星期我从图书馆里借了SherlockHolmes，这是我的同学推荐给我的。本题考查的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是thebookSherlockHolmes，在定语从句中which指代先行词并作为定语从句中的动词recommend的宾语。3.【答案】D【解析】句意：学生应该参与社区活动，在社区活动里他们能够获得成长的经验。本题考查定语从句，先行词是communityactivities，后面的定语从句theycangainexperienceforgrowth是主谓宾句子，并且结构很完整，所以使用关系副词来引导这个定语从句，where在句中相当于inwhich，充当状语。when的先行词通常是表示时间的名词。4.【答案】A【解析】句意：在海员面对的很多危险中，也许最大的危险是雾。本题考查定语从句，先行词是themanydangers，在定语从句中关系代词which指代先行词，在句中作为动词face的宾语，也可以省略。5.【答案】D【解析】句意：我的父亲把我叫醒并要我看足球赛的时候是在半夜。本句中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句。本句容易错选A项，认为是强调句型，实际上themiddleofthenight不能单独作时间状语，如果在themiddleofthenight前面加上in，本题就可以选择A项了。6.【答案】A【解析】句意：直到五年级我才成为一个很认真的攀登者，在那时我登高去拿下一个卡在树枝上的风筝。本题定语从句的先行词是thefifthgrade，后面定语从句中主谓宾句子结构很完整，所以使用关系副词来引导定语从句，因为先行词表示时间，所以使用when。7.【答案】D【解析】句意：在日常交流中这本书帮了我很多，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。本题定语从句的先行词是work，后面的定语从句的主系表结构很完整，所以使用关系副词在从句中作状语，work是模糊化的地点名词，所以用where引导这个定语从句。8.【答案】C【解析】句意：我一直都在期待着我的女儿能够阅读这本书并理解我对她的感情的那一天。本题是一个定语从句，先行词是theday，后面的定语从句主谓宾结构非常完整，所以使用关系副词when在句中作时间状语。9.【答案】B【解析】句意：一个利润来自国内市场的公司，其利润正在下滑的，也许可以开拓国外市场。本题是一个定语从句，先行词是acompany，后面的定语从句中名词profits前面缺少定语修饰，所以使用关系代词whose引导这个定语从句，并在从句中作定语。whoseprofits相当于theprofitsofwhich。10.【答案】B【解析】句意：到现在为止，我们已经为贫穷的孩子募捐到了五万英镑，这一点是完全没有预料到的。本句中的关系代词which指代前面主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。-10-\n定语从句是高考的重点，也是学生英语学习中的难点。从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择是多年来的主要考点。高考对定语从句的考查热点有：which、as的用法；模糊化的地点名词作先行词时，对where的运用；“介词＋which/whom/whose”；定语从句与其他从句，如名词性从句、状语从句的区别，以及与强调句型的区别。要点储备一：定语从句的几个基本概念作用起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词Therewasanaccidentthat/whichhappenedatthestreetcorner.(that/which引导定语从句，从句置于先行词anaccident之后；that/which为关系代词，在从句中作主语)Thereasonwhyhewaslateforclasswasthathewascaughtinthetraffic.(why引导定语从句，从句置于先行词thereason之后；why为关系副词，在从句中作原因状语)位置在一个名词或代词后面，或被某些状语分隔先行词被修饰的名词或代词关系词引导定语从句的词，分关系代词与关系副词。它的作用：一是放在先行词与定语从句中间，起连接作用；二是在从句中充当一个成分要点储备二：关系代词与关系副词的具体作用关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother？whom,which和that在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose人,物主语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人,物主语，宾语，表语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语，宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主语，宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostas作宾语一般不省略-10-\nyesterday.关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.when可用on/inwhich代替where地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.where可用in/atwhich代替why原因原因状语Ican'timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.why可用forwhich代替-10-\n要点储备三：that与which,who与whom的用法区别情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1.先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词时2.先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等词修饰时3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4.先行词既指人又指物时5.先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时6.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时Thebookthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech？只用which,who,whom，而不用that的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指物，用who/whom指人2.在由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人，whose表所属关系3.先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用whoHehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.要点储备四：as与which的区别定语从句区别例句在限制性定语从句中名词前有such和thesame或as,so修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don'treadsuchbooksasyoucan'tunderstand.在非限制性定语从句中关系代词先行词含义位置典型句型例句as整个主句正如，像在主句前、中、后均可Asanybodycansee,asiswellknown＝asisknowntoall,asoftenhappens，ashasbeensaidabove，asisoftenthecaseIampatientwithmychild,whichmyhusbandseldomis.Sheisafinesinger,ashermotherusedtobe.Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn'texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980swhich1.先行名词2.部分主句内容3.整个主句1.相当于先行词2.这一点(＝andthat)只能在先行词之后从句为否定含义时，关系代词只能用which要点储备五：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别-10-\n类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句1.对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开2.关系代词作从句宾语时，可省略TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.Thebook(that/which)helenttomewasmissing.非限制性定语从句1.对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。2.从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that,why引导；任何关系代词或副词都不能省略3.非限制性定语从句的适用情形：(1)独一无二的词作先行词(2)从句中表部分信息或包括所有时，如：...,some/any/most/30%/one/all/noneofwhich/whom...Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.Hehasthreesons,noneofwhomisadoctor.Hefellillsuddenly,forwhichhedidn'tattendthemeetingyesterday.HewenttoBeijingin2022,wherehebecamefamousaftersevenyears.重点突破七注意1when,where与that/which的选用(1)当先行词是stay,period,interval,time,age,occasion等，从句中缺状语时，用when(2)先行词是spot，sport，family，theInternet，society，case，situation，condition，scene等模糊化的地点名词，从句中缺状语时，用where(先行词是stage，可用where或when引导)(3)从句中缺主语宾语时，用that/whichTheoldmanwillneverforgethisstaytherewhenhefoundhismissingson.Shebroughtthepolicetothesamespotwhereshewitnessedtheaccident.Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.Sheputforwardsomeconditionsthat/whichsheattachedtothecontract.2从句中谓语动词的数当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致Tomwasoneofthe_boyswhowere_praisedbytheheadmasteryesterday.Tomwasthe(only)_oneoftheboyswhowas_praisedbytheheadmasteryesterday.I,_whoamyourteacher,willtrytohelpyou.3“介词＋关系代词”中介词的选择及其关系词的选择介词＋(1)关系代词不能省略(2)介词的选用与从句中谓语动词有关或与先行词有关或与整句语境有关(3)此结构引导的定语从句可与“此结构＋不定式”互换Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(turntosb.forhelp)Tom,inwhosecarIwenttothestation,ismygoodfriend.RecentlyIboughtanancientvase,thepriceofwhich(＝whoseprice)wasveryreasonable.Hehasnomoneywithwhichhecanbuyfood.＝Hehasnomoneywithwhichtobuyfood.＝Hehasnomoneywhichtobuyfoodwith.4分隔定语从句(同位语从句)分隔定语从句与先行词之间被同位语、状语、谓语等成分分开(解题关键：移开分隔部分，找准先行词)I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwhoImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.(定语从句)Thenewscamethatourteamwonthematch.-10-\n(同位语从句)5特殊引导结构fromwhereduringwhichtimeinwhichcasesincewhen(定语从句中用现在完成时)bywhen(定语从句中用完成时)Hestoodbeforethewindow,fromwherehewatchedhisstudentsplayingfootball.HewasborninWorldWarⅡ，duringwhichtimethousandsofmillionsofpeoplewerekilled.Hemaynotcome,inwhichcasewewillgotherewithouthim.Hewenttothecityin2022,sincewhenhehasmadegreatprocessinhiscareer.TheysettledinSeatlelastyear,bywhenshehadobtainedamaster'sdegreeineconomics.6从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择(1)定语从句中缺状语时，用关系副词when,where,why；从句中缺主语、宾语时用关系代词that,which(2)theway作先行词时，从句中缺状语时用that,inwhich或不用任何关系词ThisisjustthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.Hereturnedtothesameplacewherehehadfoundhiswatch.Theway(that/inwhich)hehandledtheproblemwassimple.Theway(that/which)hethoughtoftohandletheproblemwassimple.7与其他从句以及并列句的区别与结果状语从句的区别ThisissuchaheavybagasIcan'tcarry.ThisissuchaheavybagthatIcan'tcarryit.与并列句或独立主格结构的区别Therearetwoholes,eachofwhichwasmadebymice.＝Therearetwoholes,eachofthemmadebymice.＝Therearetwoholes,andeachofthemwasmadebymice.MyfriendMarymaybeill,inwhichcaseIwillvisither.＝MyfriendMarymaybeill,andinthatcaseIwillvisither.＝MyfriendMarymaybeill;inthatcaseIwillvisither.与名词性从句的区别Asisknowntoall,thecompasswasfirstmadeinChina.＝ItisknowntoallthatthecompasswasfirstmadeinChina.＝WhatisknowntoallisthatthecompasswasfirstmadeinChina.与强调句型的区别Itwasat7o'clockp．m.thathecameback.(强调句型)Itwas7o'clockp．m.whenhecameback.(定语从句)-10-\n1.Shesuggestsanotherapproach,one，Ithink,________suitsusbetter.A.that B.where C.which D.who2.Jim'smotherdoesn'tpushtoohardonhim,________reallybenefitalotfromherrelaxedattitude.A.which B.what C.that D.who3.Withthedevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople________villageItaughtarenowlivingahappylife.A.inwhose B.whose C.inwhich D.which4.Naturallyasmile________theeyesparticipateisextremelycommunicative.A.towhich B.inwhich C.atwhich D.withwhich5.Whatsetshumanbeingsapartfromanimalsisnotthepursuitofhappiness,butthepursuitofmeaning,________isuniquetohumans.A.that B.what C.which D.as6.InSouthAfrica,Englishisthelanguage________blackparentswishtheirchildrentobeeducated.A.forwhich B.thatC.inwhich D.when7.—WheredidyouhavethediscussionwithProfessorSnow?—Itwasintheclassroom________wehadabiologylessonyesterday.A.which B.when C.that D.where8.—Howarethingsgoing,Janet?—Theyhavesetouttodealwiththepresentsituation________theythinkdeservestheirimmediateattention.A.which B.whereC.when D.what9.Thecamerayoumentionedisofhighquality,butitis________expensiveacamera________Ican'tafford.A.so;that B.so;asC.too;that D.too;as10.Globalwarminghasbecomeaseriousproblem,________wemustfindsolutions.A.fromwhichB.towhichC.withwhichD.inwhich11.________isoftenthecasewithelderpeople,mygrandmatalkedaboutmynewhairstyleforatleast30minutes.A.What B.Which C.As D.It12.Whendeeplylostinthought,________heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when13.Henrymadealistofallthepossiblesolutions,________seemedhelpfulinhandlingthepresentsituation,though.A.noneofthem B.noneofwhich-10-\nC.allofwhich D.allofthem14.Fromthisyear,reformswillbepushedthroughinsometestareas,________thegovernmentwillsetgrainpricesbasedmoreonthemarket.A.where B.which C.that D.why15.Idon'tlikeanyhumorinthisseriousspeechbecauseIcan'tthinkofanycircumstance________thiswouldbebeneficialoruseful.A.whichB.whetherC.whereD.as1.【答案】A【解析】句意：她提出了另一个途径，一个我认为较适合我的途径。Ithink是插入语；that作定语从句中的主语，先行词为不定代词，不用关系代词which。2.【答案】D【解析】句意：Jim的妈妈对他不是过分严格，从她的宽松态度中他真正获益良多。从句先行词是him,指人用who不用which。3.【答案】A【解析】句意：随着农业的发展，我曾教过书的那个村庄的人们正过着幸福的日子。此处，whose在从句中作定语，inwhosevillage＝inthepeople'svillage。4.【答案】B【解析】句意：自然地，有眼神参与的微笑是一种极好的交流方式。定语从句的先行词是smile，participate是不及物动词，后跟宾语时要接介词in。5.【答案】C【解析】句意：不是对幸福的追求而是对生命意义的追求才使得人类与动物不同，这是人类独有的。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整句话的内容。as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，但表“正如”，且常用于被动语态中。6.【答案】C【解析】句意：在南非，黑人父母都希望他们的孩子能够接受英语教育。beeducatedinsth.(在……方面受教育)。定语从句中主语宾语齐全，故用inwhich来引导从句。7.【答案】D【解析】句意：——你在哪里和Snow教授讨论的？——就在我们昨天上生物课的那间教室里。where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词theclassroom。本题实际是强调句型的省略句，完整句应是：ItwasintheclassroomwherewehadabiologylessonyesterdaythatIhadthediscussionwithProfessorSnow.8.【答案】A【解析】句意：——Janet，目前事情进展如何？——他们已开始着手处理这种值得立即关注的现状。theythink是插入语，先行词是(thepresent)situation，又因定语从句中缺少主语成分，故用which来引导定语从句。9.【答案】B【解析】句意：你提到的相机质量好，但太贵我买不起。too不与从句搭配，排除C、D两项；can'tafford后缺少宾语，说明是个定语从句，故用关系代词as。如选that，则是结果状语从句，从句中应不缺任何成分。10.【答案】B【解析】句意：全球变暖已经成为一个严重的问题，对此我们必须找到解决方法。根据solution的介词搭配判断正确答案为B项。11.【答案】C【解析】句意：正如所有的老人一样，我祖母对我的新发型唠叨了不下30分钟。asisoftenthe-10-\ncasewith...意为“对……而言是常有的事，正如……一样”，常用于非限制性定语从句。12.【答案】C【解析】句意：每当陷入沉思，他经常这样，他就会废寝忘食。本题考查非限制性定语从句，which指代“deeplylostinthought”，在从句中作表语。13.【答案】B【解析】句意：Henry列出了所有可能的解决方法，但是没有一个似乎有助于应对现状。though表前后转折，故用none；由seemed可知为从句，需用关系代词，故选B项。14.【答案】A【解析】句意：今年开始，将在一些试验地区完成改革。在这些试验地区，政府将更多地基于市场设定粮食价格。非限制性定语从句中不缺主语宾语，故选用where，指代先行词sometestareas。15.【答案】C【解析】从结构判断此处是circumstance后的定语从句，排除B项；而从句中主干完整，应该用关系副词，which和as是关系代词，故选C项。请使用“课后训练·语法专项突破十”活页练习，及时查漏补缺！-10-
