专题十一 名词性从句1.(2022·江苏卷)—Whatamess!Youarealwayssolazy!—I'mnottoblame,Mum.Iam________youhavemademe.A.how B.whatC.that D.who2.(2022·北京卷)Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas________hescoredthewinninggoal.A.where B.whenC.how D.why3.(2022·北京卷)Somepeoplebelieve________hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.A.whatever B.wheneverC.wherever D.however4.(2022·福建卷)Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoing________you'reafraidtodo.A.that B.whatC.how D.whether5.(2022·浙江卷)“Everytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea.”Thisis________mymotherusedtotellme.A.what B.howC.that D.whether6.(2022·大纲卷)Exactly________thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.A.whether B.whyC.when D.how7.(2022·湖南卷)AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeis________happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.A.which B.thatC.what D.where8.(2022·陕西卷)________thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.A.Why B.WhenC.That D.What9.(2022·四川卷)Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid,“That's________Iwasborn.”A.when B.howC.why D.where10.(2022·重庆卷)—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoidea________hedidit;that'soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.A.when B.whyC.that D.how1.【答案】B【解析】句意：——这么乱！你总是这么懒！——妈妈，要怪也不应当怪我啊。我这么懒也是你娇惯出来的。本题考查名词性从句中的表语从句。what引导表语从句，并在从句中作宾语补足语。that在表语从句中不能作成分；how在从句中作状语；who指人，通常都作主语。-9-\n2.【答案】B【解析】句意：对于足球明星而言最佳的时刻是他攻入制胜一球的时候。本题考查表语从句。从句中缺少表时间的连接副词，所以选when。3.【答案】A【解析】句意：有人相信无论以前发生了还是现在正在发生什么都会在未来重演。本题考查宾语从句的引导词。宾语从句中缺少主语，所以选择连接代词whatever(无论什么)。4.【答案】B【解析】句意：站起来！有了勇气，你才可以去做你不敢做的事情。本题考核宾语从句的引导词。what在句中充当引导词，同时也是动词do的宾语。5.【答案】A【解析】句意：“每次你吃糖果时，喝点绿茶。”这是我妈过去常同我说的。本题考查表语从句。表语从句中动词tell后面缺少直接宾语(tellsb.sth.)，故选what。6.【答案】C【解析】句意：土豆确切是在何时被引进欧洲还不确定，但是很可能是在1565年左右。本题考查主语从句。根据后半句“itwasprobablyaround1565”可知本句谈论的是时间。故C项正确。7.【答案】C【解析】句意：正如JohnLennon曾经说过的，生活就是当你忙于制定其他的计划时，所发生在你身上的事情。本题考查表语从句。从句中缺少主语和引起从句的连词，所以使用what。8.【答案】B【解析】句意：这被延误的航班什么时间起飞要看天气。本题考查主语从句。由于从句主谓完整，不缺宾语，所以不能选择what。本句表示时间，所以选择when。9.【答案】D【解析】句意：奶奶指着那个医院说：“那就是我出生的地方。”本句考核的是表语从句。本句中的关键词是thehospital，表示的是地点，故D项正确。10.【答案】B【解析】句意：——Mike拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取通知，这个是不是真的？——是呀，但我不明白他为什么这么做。那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。根据句意，说话者不明白拒绝的原因，故选B项。高考对名词性从句的考核，一是考查连接词的的基本用法；二是考查多种从句混杂使用的情况。设问的角度越来越多样化，语境越来越真实，句子结构也渐趋复杂。对复杂句子结构的分析也是衡量学生掌握英语语言能力的重要标志之一。高考热点：what的功能；that/what,whether/if,who/whoever/whomever/nomatterwho,what/whatever/nomatterwhat,whichever/whatever,what(＋a(n)＋)n./how＋adj./adv.的区别；主句从句时态的一致性；从句的语序；与其他从句的区别。要点储备一：名词性从句基本概念种类作用与位置常用关联词例句主语从句在复合句从属连词：that,whether,Whetherhewillcomeornot-9-\n中作主语，相当于名词，一般放置谓语之前，也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放句尾if连接代词：whose,who,which,what,whatever,whoever,whichever等连接副词：when,where,why,how(long/far/many/much/often/muchfurther),wherever,whenever,however等(－ever一般只用于主语从句与宾语从句)doesn'tmattermuch.Whoevercomesherewillbewelcome.表语从句在复合句中作表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后(也可由asif/though,because引导)Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.宾语从句在复合句中作宾语，相当于名词介词宾语从句，不能用if/which引导Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.同位语从句放在名词(news,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,thought,hope,fact等)之后，表明其具体内容，从句不能用if/which引导Thefactthatheliedagaingreatlysurprisedus.要点储备二：名词性从句常见句型主语从句Itbe＋adj.(obvious/clear/true/certain/good/wonderful/funny/possible/probable/likely/necessary/natural/surprising/admirable/desirable/amazing/astonishing)＋that–clause.It'sneverclearwhyhehadn'treportedtheaccidentsooner.Itbe＋n.(nowonder/anhonour/agoodthing/apity/nosurprise/commonknowledge/commonsense/(a)commonpractice)＋that－clause.Itbe＋过去分词(said/reported/thought/expected/announced/hoped/suggested/ordered/advised/decided/arranged)＋that－clause.It＋vi.(seems/appears/turnsout/happens/chances)＋that－clause.Itsuddenlyoccurredtomethat–clause.It＋wh－/that－clauseWhether－clausedependsonsth.＝Itdependsonsth.whether－clause.众所周知句型：Whatisknowntoallisthat－clause.Itisknowntoallthat－clause.Asisknowntoall,...表语从句That's ＋clause. ＝That'sThereasonwhy－clauseis＋that－clause.Thefact/truth/...is＋that－clause.Itseemsasif－clause./sb.looksasif－clause.sb./sth.isnolongerwhathe/she/itusedtobe.-9-\nItappears/seems/happens/turnsout...that－clause.(也可被看作是主语从句)宾语从句 ＋it＋that－clause.Iappreciateitifyou...Ihate/like/love/dislike/...itwhen...sb.feel/consider/find/think/make＋it＋n./adj./过去分词＋that－clause.takeitforgranted＋that－clause.(认为……理所当然)keep/bear(it)inmind＋that－clause.(牢记，记住)leaveittoone'sownjudgment＋that－clause.(留给某人自己判断……)同位语从句Ihavenoidea＋wh－clause.Ihaveno/littledoubt＋that－clause.Ihavesomedoubts/aquestion＋wh－clause.Word/Thenews/Theordercame＋that－clause....leaveword/amessagewithsb.＋that－clause.Anideaoccurredtosb.＋that－clause.Thereisapossibility＋that－clause.Therearechances＋that－clause.Chancesare＋that－clause.(表语从句)-9-\n要点储备三：突破高考，抓热点1主从句时态的一致性(1)主句时态为一般现在时，现在完成时，一般将来时时，从句时态不受影响(2)主句时态为过去时，从句时态一般与过去时态有关(客观真理、格言等除外)。如：Ihavebeentoldthiskindofclothwasheswell.Iwastoldthiskindofclothwashedwell.Theteachertolduslighttravelsfasterthansound.2宾语从句的否定前移及反意疑问think,suppose,believe,guess，imagine等动词后的宾语从句如果是否定句，要把否定词转移到主句的think等动词上。另外，当主句主语是I,we，且这些动词为一般现在时时，反意疑问句要根据从句主谓进行。如：Hepromisedhewouldcomeheretonight,didn'the？Idon'tthinkwhathesaidwasright,wasit？3从句的语序(顺装)HeaskedmehowsoonIwouldfinishmyhomework.Hewonderedwhatwasthematterwithhispartnerwhenhesawhercrying.4固定句型，尤其是it句型详见名词性从句中要点储备二5定语从句与同位语从句的区别Thefact(that/which)hetoldussurprisedusall.Thefactthathewonthematchsurprisedusall.辨别方法：在先行词与从句间加is，如句子成立，该从句为同位语从句，否则，是定语从句6几组关系词的区别that引导定从时，在从句中作主、宾、表；指代先行词引导名词性从句时，只作连词，从句中成分齐全；无意义what与定从无关引导名词性从句时，在从句中作主、宾、表、定。=allthat;then.+that意为“什么；所需(看、想、做)的；令某人…的”选择时注意：从句动词的双宾结构；从句动词的及物或不及物；双连词结构Whathesaidsurprisedusall.Whathetoldussurprisedusall.Whatgoodthenewtechnologywillbringtousisunknowntousall.Thathesaidnothingsurprisedusall.Thathespokeatthemeetingsurprisedusall.I’msatisfiedwithwhatyouhavedoneI’msatisfiedthatyouhavedoneit.I’msatisfiedthatwhatyouhavedoneisright.I’msatisfiedthatthatyouhavedoneitisright.that只作连词，从句中成分齐全；无意义，表陈述。whether/if只作连词，从句中成分齐全；“是否”，表不确定。Thatwe’llgocampinghasbeendecided.Whetherwe’llgocampingdependsontheweather.whether引导各种名词性从句(除否定的从句)；用在不定式前；用在动词discuss等之后；与ornot直接或间接连用；用在介词之后，引导介词宾语从句；主句动词是wonder/benotsure等词时，whether可以引导否定的宾语从句…or…引导让步状语从句“无论…还是…”Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcomeornot.Wediscussedwhetherweshouldaccepthisoffer.Idon’tknowwhethertoremainintheroomortoleave.Idon’tknowifhewon’tcome.Ihavenoideawhetherhewillcome.-9-\nif只引导名词性从句中的宾语从句，但不引导介词宾从，意为“是否”；asif引导表语从句或状语从句，意为“好像，仿佛”；引导条件状语从句，意为“假如”。Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.Sofartherehasbeennonewsaboutwhethertheyhavearrivedthere.Ithasnotbeenprovedwhetheryouropinionisrightatall.Ishouldhelpyoudoitwhetheryousucceedorfail.Iwonder(amnotsure)whetherhedoesn’texpecttoomuchfromher.=Ithinkheexpectstoomuchfromher.what(ever)“(无论)什么”，表泛指；whatever=anythingthatwhich(ever)“(无论)哪一个/哪一些”，表特定范围内的选择，指人指物均可who(ever)“(无论)谁”，表泛指；whoever引导名词性从句时=anyonewho;引导让步状语从句时=nomatterwhoIt’sconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.Whicheverofthemgainsthemostpointswinsthecompetition.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.how+adj/adv.//adj.+a(n)+n.+从句主谓what(+a/an+)(adj.)+n.+从句主谓Ididn’trealizewhatsillymistakesImadethen.Ididn’trealizehowsillyIwaswhenImadethemistakesthen.what表疑问“什么”；表泛指，“所需(看、想、做)的；令某人…的”whatever表泛指，既引导名词性从句也引导让步状语从句nomatterwhat表泛指，只能引导让步状语从句Idon’tknowwhatonearthhewanted.Whateverhesaidhadnothingtodowithme.Whatever/Nomatterwhatwesaid,hejustwouldn’tlisten.who表疑问“谁”；whoever表泛指，既引导名词性从句也引导让步状语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语whomever表泛指，既引导名词性从句也引导让步状语从句，只在从句中作宾语nomatterwho表泛指，只能引导让步状语从句Whohasstolenthemoneyhasn’tbeenfoundoutyet.Whoeverhasstolenthemoneyshouldbepunished.Iwillspareaticketforthenewly-madefilmtowhoever(=anyonewho)desirestogetit.Iwillspareaticketforthenewly-madefilmtowhoever/whomeverIlikeWhoever/Nomatterwhoyouare,Iwon’topenthedoor.重点突破：解题技巧：从句成分分析法规范解题“三步走”：首先判断是否是三大从句，其次确定何种从句，然后分析从句成分并依据从句关联词特点进行正确选择。1.Afterthreedays'waiting,therewasalittledoubtinJake'smind________thepolicecouldfindhislostcar.-9-\n A.how B.thatC.where D.whether2.Isthereanypossibility________wecanseeeachotheragainafterweparttoday?A.whether B.thatC.when D.which3.—Didyouhearthenewsthismorning?—Oh,yes,________theJapanesegovernmenthasdoneaboutDiaoyuIslandshascausedgreatangeramongChinese.A.that B.whichC.whatD.why4.LiaoFan,aChineseactor,finallygottoknow________realsuccesstasteslikewhenhewontheprizeforBestActoratthe64thBerlinFilmFestival.A.when B.howC.what D.where5.Whatmadethemotherangrywas________，whenaskedwhyhedidn'tgotoschool,theboykeptsilent.A.whenB.whetherC.what D.that6.Theexpert'sargument________theincreasingnumberofcarsisthemaincauseoftherisingPM2.5readingshasgotmuchsupportfromthepublic.A.when B.whichC.that D.whether7.—Isthereanyparticularsoupyouwouldliketohave?—________youselectisallrightwithme.A.WhateverB.AnythingC.Nomatterwhat D.Whichever8.Carlhopestowinthetennisgameoneday.Thatis________hehasbeenpracticinghard.A.why B.howC.because D.where9.Thepolicearedesperatetofind________isofusetohelpthemfindthemurderer.A.wheneverB.whicheverC.whomeverD.whatever10.________madethecattrulyremarkablewas________itshouldwalk200mileshomeafterdisappearingonafamilyroadtripeightweeksearlier.A.That;thatB.Which;whyC.What;thatD.What;because11.ThereasonwhyIlikereadingtraveljournalsis________theyofferthevividpicturesofsomeworld－famousscenespots.A.whyB.whereC.thatD.how12.—ThesedaysIfeelexhaustedandlackstrength.—That's________toomuchdrinkingandpoordietlead.A.whatB.which-9-\nC.towhichD.where13.Failingforthefirsttimehasmadehimcometoknow________importantasecondchanceis.A.whetherB.howC.whatD.why14.—Ifellsick!—Ithinkitis________youaredoingtoomuch.A.why B.whenC.whatD.because15.Whenandwhyhecamehave________yet.A.isnotknown B.arenotknownC.hasnotknown D.havenotbeenknown1.【答案】D【解析】句意：三天的等待之后，Jake有点怀疑警察是否能找到他丢失的车子。therewasalittledoubt后跟whether引导同位语从句，表疑问的具体内容。2.【答案】B【解析】句意：今天我们分手后有可能再见彼此吗？根据句意，后边从句为名词possibility的内容说明，且从句本身无疑问之意，因此选B项。3.【答案】C【解析】句意：——今天早晨你听新闻了吗？——哦，听了，日本政府对于钓鱼岛的所做已经在中国人中引起了愤怒。这里what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语。4.【答案】C【解析】句意：廖凡——一个中国演员——在64届柏林电影节获得最佳男演员奖时终于品尝到了真正成功的滋味。what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作tastelike的宾语。5.【答案】D【解析】句意：使妈妈生气的是在问及男孩为何不去学校时，男孩保持沉默。表语从句中不缺成分，并表陈述事实，故选that。6.【答案】C【解析】句意：这个专家的论证——不断增长的汽车的数量是PM2.5含量增多的主要原因——得到了公众的支持。that引导同位语从句，解释argument的内容，并表陈述事实。7.【答案】D【解析】句意：——你有什么特别想喝的汤吗？——无论你选择哪个都适合我。whichever是指在一定范围中的选择，且可引导主语从句，故选D项。8.【答案】A【解析】句意：Carl希望有一天能打赢网球赛。那就是他一直努力训练的原因。why引导表语从句。That'swhy－clause(这就是为什么……);That'sbecause－clause(那是因为……)。故选A项。9.【答案】D【解析】句意：警察正在拼命寻找能够帮助他们找到谋杀者的任何有用的东西。在宾语从句中，whatever作主语。10.【答案】C【解析】第一空，主语从句中，what引导从句并在从句中作主语；第二空，表语从句中句子成分完整并表陈述，故用that。故选C项。11.【答案】C【解析】句意：我喜欢读旅游日志的原因是这些日志提供了一些生动的世界闻名的风景-9-\n名胜图片。表语从句中句子成分完整并表陈述，故用that。另外，thereason作主语时，其表语从句由that引导，这是名词性从句的固定句型之一。12.【答案】D【解析】句意：——这些天来，我感觉疲乏无力。——这都是过多饮酒与不良饮食导致的。表语从句中缺少lead的状语，又因towhich只引导定语从句，不符合题意，故选D。13.【答案】B【解析】句意：第一次的失败就使他开始意识到再有一次机会是多么重要。本题考查“how＋形容词＋不定冠词＋名词”；如选what应是：what(＋不定冠词＋形容词＋)名词。14.【答案】D【解析】because引导表语从句，引出原因。15.【答案】A【解析】句意：他什么时候为什么来这儿，(大家)都还不知道。主语从句即使由多个连词引导，从句中谓语只有一个时，主句谓语动词均用单数，故选A项。请使用“课后训练·语法专项突破十一”活页练习，及时查漏补缺！-9-
