第二部分 语法专项突破第一板块 构建基础词法专题二 名 词————————————◄对点训练►———————————Ⅰ.单句语法填空(高考真题改编)1.(2019年北京卷)Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious________(activity)onEarthDay.Youcanplantatree,makeamealwithlocallygrownvegetables,orsavepower—thepossibilitiesareendless.解析：根据修饰语various可知，此处应用名词复数，指各种各样的活动。答案：activities2.(2019年浙江卷)OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno________(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.解析：no用来修饰名词，此处用单复数形式均可。答案：connection/connections3.(2019年全国卷Ⅲ)Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting________(compete)towatch，togetherwiththestorybehindit.解析：根据空前的aninteresting可知，此处应填动词compete的名词形式competition。答案：competition4.(2019年全国卷Ⅰ)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa________(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.解析：根据空前的不定冠词a可知，此处应填believe的名词形式belief。答案：belief5.(2018年全国卷Ⅱ)Thisswitchhasdecreased________(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.解析：句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。答案：pollution6.(2018年全国卷Ⅲ)MynameisMireyaMayor.I'ma________(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.解析：根据前面的不定冠词a以及后面的定语从句可知，先行词是表示人的单数名词，故填scientist。答案：scientist\n7.(2018年江苏卷)Trytounderstandwhat'sactuallyhappeninginsteadofactingonthe________(assume)you'vemade.解析：句意：要努力去弄明白实际上正在发生的事，而不要根据自己的假设采取行动。根据语境和空前的定冠词the可知，此处要用所给单词的名词形式。assumption意为“假定，假设”。答案：assumption8.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside________(effect)．解析：分析语境可知，本句后半部分表达的意思是“有一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知，此处用effect的复数形式effects。sideeffects意为“副作用”，故填effects。答案：effects9.(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible________(crowd)ontheroadsabove.解析：因为crowd为可数名词，并且该词前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形式。答案：crowds10.(2017年全国卷Ⅲ)Shehasturneddownseveral________(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.解析：several修饰可数名词复数，故填invitations。答案：invitations11.(2017年浙江卷)LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall________(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.解析：根据carrot是可数名词及ahandfulof可知，此处应用名词复数，故填carrots。答案：carrots12.(2016年全国卷Ⅰ)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew________(day)withhissister.解析：few修饰复数名词，故填days。答案：days13.(2016年全国卷Ⅱ)Recent________(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.解析：本句的谓语动词是show，说明主语是复数名词。故填studies。\n答案：studies14.(2016年全国卷Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B．C.,influencedthe________(develop)ofchopsticks.解析：the＋名词＋of意为“……的……”，这里指“筷子的发展”，故填development。答案：development15.(2016年四川卷)Anysmellmightattractnatural________(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.解析：自然界的敌人不止一个，应该用复数形式，故填enemies。答案：enemies16.(2015年全国卷Ⅰ)I'dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverwhicharepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese________(painting)．解析：painting为可数名词，前面有many修饰，用复数形式。故填paintings。答案：paintings17.(2015年全国卷Ⅱ)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir________(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.解析：结合空前面的形容词性物主代词their可知，后面要用able的名词形式。故填ability。答案：ability18.(2015年江苏卷)Someschoolswillhavetomake________(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.解析：空处作动词make的宾语，故需用名词，adjustment为可数名词，在本句中表示泛指，而空前没有冠词，故填adjustments。答案：adjustments19.(2015年安徽卷)Thereisnoneedtotellmeyouranswernow.Giveitsome________(think)andthenletmeknow.解析：some后需用名词形式，而thought作“考虑，思索”讲时为不可数名词，故填thought。givesth.somethought意为“认真考虑某事”。答案：thought20.(2015年江苏卷)—GoandsaysorrytoyourMom,Dave.—I'dliketo,butI'mafraidshewon'tbehappywithmy________(apologize)．解析：\n句意：——戴夫，去向你妈妈道歉。——我想去，但是我怕她对我的道歉并不满意。空前为形容词性物主代词，故空处应填名词形式。答案：apology/apologiesⅡ.单句改错1.(2019年全国卷Ⅰ)Toeveryone'ssurprising,theballwentintothenet._________________________________________________________________解析：toone'ssurprise意为“令某人惊讶的是”。答案：surprising→surprise2.(2019年全国卷Ⅰ)Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,sayingthatIhadatalentforfootball._________________________________________________________________解析：根据前面的All可知，player应用复数形式players。答案：player→players3.(2019年全国卷Ⅱ)SinceIwasakid,I'veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo._________________________________________________________________解析：形容词different后跟名词的复数形式。答案：job→jobs4.(2019年全国卷Ⅲ)Iwishtohaveachainofcafésinmanydifferentcity._________________________________________________________________解析：many修饰可数名词复数。答案：city→cities5.(2018年全国卷Ⅰ)LastwinterwhenIwentthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken._________________________________________________________________解析：根据前面的dozensof可知，其后用名词复数形式，故把chicken改为chickens。答案：chicken→chickens6.(2018年全国卷Ⅱ)WhenIwaslittle,Friday'snightwasourfamilygamenight._________________________________________________________________解析：名词作定语，往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”，并不是所属关系，故把Friday's改为Friday。答案：Friday's→Friday\n7.(2018年全国卷Ⅱ)Aftersupper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom._________________________________________________________________解析：all表示三者或三者以上，后用名词复数形式，故把sort改为sorts。答案：sort→sorts8.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword,“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“Turnleft！”_________________________________________________________________解析：word在此意为“话”，是可数名词，此处表示复数概念，故把word改为words。答案：word→words9.(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)Besides,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet._________________________________________________________________解析：information是不可数名词，没有复数形式。答案：informations→information10.(2016年全国卷Ⅰ)Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest._________________________________________________________________解析：根据句意可知，此处应用honest的名词形式honesty作表语，故把honest改为honesty。答案：honest→honesty11.(2016年全国卷Ⅱ)Ifwegoonatripabroad，wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks._________________________________________________________________解析：knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数形式。答案：knowledges→knowledge12.(2016年全国卷Ⅲ)Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme._________________________________________________________________解析：此处表示“从13到19岁这几年”，是复数概念。答案：year→years13.(2016年浙江卷)WhenIwasaveryyoungchildren，myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIrememberwellyearslater._________________________________________________________________解析：根据前面的主语I可知，此处是单数概念，故把children改为child。\n答案：children→child14.(2015年全国卷Ⅰ)Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier._________________________________________________________________解析：air意为“空气”时，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。答案：airs→air15.(2015年浙江卷)Myoldclassroomwasinterestingbecausethreesideoftheclassroomweremadeofglass._________________________________________________________________解析：根据前面的three可知，此处为复数概念，故把side改为sides。答案：side→sides
