第二部分 语法专项突破第三板块 理清复杂句式专题二 定语从句————————————◄对点训练►———————————Ⅰ.单句语法填空(高考真题改编)1.(2019年天津卷)Theirchildisatthestage________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.解析：句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不是完整句子的阶段。stage表示“阶段”，后接定语从句时，应该用关系副词where引导。答案：where2.(2019年北京卷)Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose______aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege'schancesandresources(资源).解析：先行词为those，指大学生们，故用who引导定语从句，who在从句中作主语。关系代词that可以指人，填that也可以。答案：who/that3.(2019年浙江卷)Uniformscanbeusefulinunexpectedways.AschoolinIrelandhasintroducedaninterestingnewuniform.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth________givesofflightinthedark.解析：空处后面的内容用来修饰apieceofcloth，而且在从句中作主语，所以用that或which来引导。答案：that/which4.(2019年全国卷Ⅱ)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9a．m.to5p．m.dailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.解析：分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，thepetshop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。答案：which5.(2019年全国卷Ⅲ)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.解析：分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人的先行词theirmasters，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who或that。答案：who/that6.(2018年全国卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedthe\nriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是astudy，指物，且在从句中作主语，故填that或which。答案：that/which7.(2018年江苏卷)Selfdrivingisanarea________Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.解析：句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界上其他国家处于同一条起跑线上的领域。空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词anarea。将先行词代入定语从句后为：Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartinglineinthearea。由此可知，先行词与表地点的介词in一起在定语从句中作地点状语，所以要用关系副词where。答案：where8.(2018年北京卷)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,________helpsthemkeepfit.解析：句意：她和家人都骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。根据题干可知，从句修饰的是前面的整句话，“她和家人骑自行车上班”这件事充当了定语从句中的主语成分，且此定语从句前出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句，所以用which引导。答案：which9.(2018年天津卷)Kate,________sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.解析：句意：凯特去澳大利亚工作了。上大学期间我和她妹妹住同一房间。先行词为Kate，将先行词代入定语从句后为：IsharedaroomwithKate'ssisterwhenwewereatcollege。由此可见，关系词在定语从句中作定语，先行词指人，故填关系代词whose。答案：whose10.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,________isnotgoodforthehealth.解析：分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。答案：which11.(2017年全国卷Ⅲ)ButSarah,________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.解析：引导词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且指人，故填who。答案：who12.(2017年北京卷)Thelittleproblems________wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.\n解析：句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是Thelittleproblems，故填that或which。答案：that/which13.(2017年天津卷)Myeldestson,________worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.解析：空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词son，空处在从句中作定语修饰work，故填关系代词whose。答案：whose14.(2017年江苏卷)In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.解析：先行词是theWorldFoodProgramme，空处在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故填whose。答案：whose15.(2016年全国卷Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s,________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.解析：先行词是表示时间的themid1980s，且从句中缺少状语，故填关系副词when。答案：when16.(2016年全国卷Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,________livedfromroughly551to479B．C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.解析：后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，且在从句中作主语，故填who。答案：who17.(2016年浙江卷)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof________hasbeenproved.解析：句意：人类为什么能哭出眼泪，关于这一点科学家们提出了很多理论，但没有一个得到证实。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是“代词＋of＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句。先行词是manytheories，指物，故关系代词只能用which。答案：which18.(2016年北京卷)Ilivenextdoortoacouple________childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.解析：句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常吵吵闹闹。whose引导定语从句，且在从句中作children的定语。答案：whose\n19.(2016年天津卷)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,________theweathermaybebetter.解析：句意：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知，定语从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导。答案：when20.(2015年全国卷Ⅰ)I'dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.解析：先行词为mountaintopsanddarkwaters，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，因此答案为that或which。答案：that/whichⅡ.单句改错1.(2019年全国卷Ⅰ)OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground._________________________________________________________________解析：Oneafternoon是表示时间的名词，后面的定语从句应用when引导。答案：where→when2.(2019年全国卷Ⅲ)Inthecafé，customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem._________________________________________________________________解析：先行词是thehistoricalenvironment，定语从句中缺少主语，故用that或which。what可以引导宾语从句、表语从句等，但不可以引导定语从句。答案：what→that/which3.(2018年全国卷Ⅰ)Theyalsohadasmallpond,whichtheyraisedfish._________________________________________________________________解析：关系词在定语从句中作状语，故可用关系副词where，也可在which前加in，此时关系词在定语从句中作介词的宾语。答案：which→where或which前加in4.(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse._________________________________________________________________解析：此处是非限制性定语从句，且关系代词在从句中作主语，指代上文中的garden，所以用which引导该定语从句。答案：that→which\n5.(2017年全国卷Ⅲ)Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime._________________________________________________________________解析：things后是定语从句，先行词指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用that或which引导。答案：they→that/which6.(2016年四川卷)ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom'sfavorite._________________________________________________________________解析：先行词是thedishes，指物，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，故应用that或which引导，也可省略关系词。答案：what→which/that或去掉what7．Third，weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusedinwashing,especiallybathwaterforwhichisquitealot,andthatwillsavemuchwater._________________________________________________________________解析：先行词是bathwater,定语从句中缺少主语，应用that或which引导，介词for多余。答案：去掉for8．There,Katiawillintroducemetosomeofherfriends,oneofwhohasbeentoChinaseveraltimes.Ijustcan'twait._________________________________________________________________解析：先行词指人，介词后的关系代词用whom，不用who。答案：who→whom9．HelivedinLondonfor3months,duringthattimehelearnedsomeEnglish._________________________________________________________________解析：先行词指代3months,故介词后的关系代词用which。答案：that→which10．Doyouknowthethingsandpersonswhomtheyaretalkingabout?_________________________________________________________________解析：先行词既包含人又包含物，定语从句由关系代词that引导，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，也可以省略关系代词。答案：whom→that或去掉whom
