典型技巧17特定句子含义的理解【考情角度】考情分析记叙文、说明文或议论文常涉及积极的生活态度类主题，做题时应理顺文章各段落之间的逻辑关系，遇长难句时，应尝试划分句子结构与成分。如涉及句意理解题，不能凭“一知半解”臆断句意，应利用上下文语境揣摩。考查角度常考细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题或句意理解题等。【真题再现】(2018·全国卷Ⅲ·D) 主题语境：积极的生活态度Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmore_is_morewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.Ifoundthepreholidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonatelessusedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisbecomingadoctor).Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball—simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.Webothbecameabsorbedintheofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.1.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Themore,thebetter.B.Enoughisenough.C.Moremoney,moreworries.D.Earnmoreandspendmore.2.WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosell？\nA.Savingupforherholiday.B.Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl.C.Addingthemoneytoherfund.D.Givingthemoneytoasickmother.3.Whydidtheauthor？A.Totryoutanidea.B.Toshowaparent'slove.C.Totrainhisattention.D.Tohelphimstartahobby.答案与解析： 1.A 2.C 3.A1.对比画线句后一句所提出的：livemorewithless可猜出句意。2.根据题干关键词objects定位原文第二段最后一句可推出答案。3.定位原文关键信息determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis，可推断出作者和孩子玩球的目的。【技巧释义】利用上下文理解句意1.提出观点(第1段)本文以反例引出观点：livemorewithless(可解第1题)2.事例论证1(第2段)鼓励孩子们捐赠闲置物品或卖掉东西将钱放入教育基金(可解第3题)3.事例论证2(第3段)以问题形式论证如何能让孩子们“makeitahabit”(可解第3题)4.得出结论(第4段)综合事例1和事例2可得出结论：少即是多，简单的物品也能带来快乐【词汇积累】simplicityn.简单；质朴；淳朴keepone'sattention保持注意力beseriousaboutsth.对……认真【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）1WhenIwasfirstmarriedtomywife,IlivedandworkedinOntario,movingfromsmalltowntobigcityasIpursuedmycareerasaradiobroadcaster.Wehavetwosons,bothofwhomwereborninToronto,buttheymoved,withus,toOttawawhentheywerequiteyoung.Theygrewupthere,andthen,chasingtheirowncareers,they\nalsomoved.OnewenttoCanada’seastcoastnearacitycalledHalifaxandtheotherheadedtothewestcoasttoVancouver.Wehadadilemma;wewereleftinthemiddle.AtthetimeIwasstillworkingandmyjobwasinOttawa.However,aswebegantoconsiderretirementwewonderedwhereweshouldspendourfinalyears.Wecouldn’tbeclosetobothofourchildrenandtherewasnotellingwhentheymightagainrelocate.ForseveralreasonswesettledonasmalltownonVancouverIsland.Atleastwewereclosetooneofthem.However,hehadhissightssetonHollywoodand,whenanopportunitypresenteditself,heleftCanadaandheadedsouth.Ihelpedhimmove.So,therewewere,andstillare,inourlittlewestcoasttown.Weloveourlittlecornerofparadisebutwehavepaidaprice.Wehavenotbeenthereforsomeimportanteventssuchasthebirthsoftwoofourgrandchildren.Wehavemissedwatchingeachofthemgrowup;wehavemissedthenormal,noisyhouseholdsthathaveyoungpeopleinthem.Ourhome,whileverycomfortable,isalsoveryquiet.Everyfallwetraveltoseethechildren.Weusuallyfly,firsttoCaliforniatoseeoursonScottandspendaweekormorewithhimtryingtocatchuponeverythingwe’vemissed.Then,usuallyinNovember,wemaketheevenlongertripeastacrossCanadatoseeTravisandourgrandchildren,whoarenowteenagers,actuallyintotheirtwenties.Theyseldomcometovisitus.Thedistancesarejusttoogreatanditiscostly.Fortunately,bothourboysaredoingwellandourgrandchildrenaregrowingupstraightandtall.Weloveallofthemandwearesecureintheknowledgethattheyloveusbuttherealityisthattheydon’tneedus.Wehavedoneourjobsand,atleastintheory,wecansitback,relaxandenjoythetimeremainingtous.Theyhavealsomissedhavingasetofparentsandgrandparentsaround.Lifehasbeengoodforourfamilybutwehaveallpaidaprice.1.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Wehadadilemma.”?A.Theywerenothappyabouttheirsons’absence.B.Theywereunwillingtoseparatefromtheirsons.C.Theywerenotyetpreparedforretirementatthattime.\nD.Theycouldn’tdecidewhichsontolivecloseto.2.Whydoestheauthorsaytheyhavepaidaprice?A.Theyhavelostlotsofmoneybecauseofhisretirement.B.Theyhavetogivealargesumofmoneytotheirsons.C.Theyhavebeenabsentfromtheirchildren’slife.D.Theyhavetoaffordveryexpensivefaretovisittheirsons.3.Whydonottheauthor’sgrandchildrenvisitthemregularly?A.Theyarequiteoccupiedwiththeirhomework.B.It’snoteasyforthekidstovisittheirgrandparents.C.Theydon’tneedtheirgrandparentsanymore.D.TheweatherofwinterinCanadaisveryawful.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Grandparents’LoveB.SufferingSeparationC.APricetoPayD.HiddenEmotions【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.C【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。作者一家人忙于追求各自的事业，因此不能相互陪伴。作者认为，虽然生活很幸福，但是陪伴的缺席是一种付出的代价。1.句意猜测题。根据第一段“OnewenttoCanada’seastcoastnearacitycalledHalifaxandtheotherheadedtothewestcoasttoVancouver.Wehadadilemma;wewereleftinthemiddle.”（一个去了加拿大东海岸附近一个叫哈利法克斯的城市，另一个去了西海岸温哥华。我们进退两难；我们被夹在中间。）及第二段“Wecouldn’tbeclosetobothofourchildrenandtherewasnotellingwhentheymightagainrelocate.”（我们无法与两个孩子都近距离接触，也不知道他们什么时候会再次搬迁。）推测，作者说自己进退两难是想离孩子近一点，但又不知道选择哪一个。故选D项。2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Wehavenotbeenthereforsomeimportanteventssuchasthebirthsoftwoofourgrandchildren.Wehavemissedwatchingeachofthemgrowup;wehavemissedthenormal,noisyhouseholdsthathaveyoungpeopleinthem.”\n（一些重要的事情，比如我们两个孙子的出生，我们都没有去那里。我们错过了看着他们每个人成长的时光；我们怀念家里有小孩子的正常、吵闹的家庭生活。）可以推测，作者认为他们付出了代价是因为他们没有参与到孩子们的生活中。故选C项。3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Theyseldomcometovisitus.Thedistancesarejusttoogreatanditiscostly.”（他们很少来看我们。距离太远，成本太高。）可知，作者的孙辈不能经常来拜访他们是因为不方便，不容易。故选B项。4.主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Weloveourlittlecornerofparadisebutwehavepaidaprice.”（我们都爱我们自己的小天堂，但我们已经付出了代价。）及最后一段“Lifehasbeengoodforourfamilybutwehaveallpaidaprice.”（我们家的生活很好，但我们都付出了代价。）并结合全文内容可知，作者认为自己和孩子的家庭都幸福，但是缺少了相互的陪伴，因此，是一种不得不付出的代价。APricetoPay（付出的代价）符合全文故事主旨。故选C项。2MyfamilyandIbelongedtoacountryclublocatedacrossthestreetfromtheLongIslandSound.Eachsummer,thebigattractionforuswasthepool.Ilearnedhowtoswimandjoinedtheswimmingteambutwasneverreallyagoodswimmer.However,swimminginmyyoungerdayswasawaytokeepcool,andswimmingonateamgavemeidentityandasenseofbelonging.Italsobecameinvaluablemanyyearslater.Fast-forward(快进)to1973–Iwasmarried,pregnantandhadahome.WhatmadeourlittlehomeevenmorewonderfulwaswhenIdiscoveredthatfourblocksawaywasRathParkPool!Forthenext30years,mostofoursummerdayswerespentaroundthatpool.Eachofmyfivekidstookswimminglessonsandlearnedallthedifferentswimmingstrokes(姿势).Theylaterjoinedtheswimteamandcompetedinmeets.Mydaughterevenbecamealifeguardatthetownpool.Isatbackandhappilytookitallin!AsmuchasIwouldhavelikedtohavelifestandstill,itdoesn’t.Mychildrenoutgrewtheirpooldaysandmovedon.Butthepoolwasstillfourblocksfrommyhome,soIbegantotakeupswimmingagain.AnditwasfarbetterthanIevercouldhaveimagined.IgotsomuchoutofitthatIjoinedthelocalpoolsoIcouldswimyear-round.WheneverIswam,Iwouldalwayscomeoutfeelingphysicallyandmentallyrefreshed.IoftenfeltthatifIlookedhardenough,IwouldbeabletoseealloftheworriesandproblemsI’vehadinlife,sittingatthebottomofthepool!\nWhathasswimmingtaughtme?I’velearnedthatbalanceisthekeytobeingagoodswimmer.Ifyouarebalancedinthewater,youhavenoresistance.Workingonstayingbalancedmademerealizethesimilaritiesbetweenlifeinandoutoftheswimlane(泳道).Ifyouworkonkeepingyourselfbalanced,youwillbeabletoswimrightthroughthestressandproblemslifethrowsatyou!5.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromParagraph1?A.Herfamilytaughtherhowtoswim.B.Sheswamwithfriendsmoreofteninsummer.C.Swimmingbroughtherlifelongbenefits.D.Shewaselectedtobetheswimteamcaptain.6.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph4imply?A.Theauthorlovedthepooldayswithherkids.B.Swimmingwaslosingitsappealtotheauthor.C.Herkids’winningcompetitionsmadeherproud.D.Theauthorpreferredtohaveapeacefullife.7.Whatdidtheauthorfindaftershetookupswimmingagain?A.Sportscangiveyouthecouragetofacedifficulties.B.Shemasteredmoreswimmingskillsthanexpected.C.Itenabledhertoseehowtohandleproblemsinlife.D.Swimmingmadeherrememberheryoungerdays.8.Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?A.Thewonderfulpooldayswiththeauthor’sfamily.B.Theinfluenceofswimmingontheauthor’slife.C.Thephysicalandmentalbenefitsofswimming.D.Thesimilaritiesbetweenswimmingandlife.【答案】5.C6.A7.C8.B【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了游泳对作者一生的影响。5.细节理解题。从第一段“Italsobecameinvaluablemanyyears\nlater.”（许多年后，它也变得无价。）得知，游泳给作者带来长期的益处，文中没有提及是谁教会作者游泳，故A错误；每个夏天，作者都是和家人一起游泳，故B错误；虽然作者参加了游泳队，但没有担任队长，相反，她并不是游泳高手，所以D错误。故选C。6.句意猜测题。上一段讲述了作者的孩子们也很热衷于游泳，可是孩子们慢慢长大后就不再游泳。这句话的意思是“尽管我很想让生活保持现状，但事实并非如此”，起到了承上启下的作用，表明了作者很享受之前和孩子们一起在泳池的日子，故选A。7.细节理解题。从第四段的最后一句“IoftenfeltthatifIlookedhardenough,IwouldbeabletoseealloftheworriesandproblemsI’vehadinlife,sittingatthebottomofthepool!”（我常常觉得，如果我看得够仔细，坐在池底，我就能看到我生活中所有的烦恼和问题，）可知，沉入游泳池底，作者能够看到生活中所有的烦恼和问题，并且能够处理烦恼和问题。故选C。8.主旨大意题。这篇文章中，作者讲述了随着年龄的增长，游泳给她带来的乐趣和益处，最后升华到了对生活的感悟，所以整篇文章的主旨在于游泳对作者生活的影响，故选B。3WhenthenovelistLuisAlbertoUrreawas14or15,hetookatripdeepintoMexico.HewasborninTijuanatoaMexicanfatherandawhiteAmericanmotherbeforemovingjustacrosstheborderandeventuallyintotheSanDiegosuburbs.Buthisfatherthoughthewasbecoming“tooAmerican”,andtookhimona27-hourjourneytoMazatlan.Alongtheway,hisfathergavehimapaperbackcopyofTheGodfatherandtoldhimitwouldchangehislife.“Idon’tthinkhewastryingtomakeacaseforusbeingcriminals,”Urreasays.“Buthereallyfeltthisincredibleconnectiontothefamilyandthetraditionsandthehonorfortheoldcountry,aspeopleweremakingtheirwayintheUS.”InhisnewnovelTheHouseofBrokenAngels,UrreahaswrittenhisowntakeontheGodfatherstorywithaMexican-AmericanDonCorleonefigureatitscenter.Thestorytakesplaceovertwodays,asBigAngeldelaCruzburieshismotherandcelebrateshisfinalbirthdaypartyonearth;heknowshe’sdying,andhe’sgatheredhisextendedfamilyaroundhimforanoisyandlivelygoodbye.TheideawasinspiredbythefinalbirthdaypartyofUrrea’selderbrotherthreeyearsago.Everybodywasjammedinhisbackyard,andtherewasaDJandpeopledancing\nandconsumingaseriousamountofAmericanjunkfood—theydidn’twantMexicanfood,theywantedKFCandpizza.Ithought,wherearethetacos,dude?Andmybrothersatinhislittlechairinthemiddleofit.Peoplewerecomingtohimandkneeling,andtheywouldthankhimandkisshishandortouchhisheadandtellhimallthewayshehadchangedtheirlives.Urrea’sbrotherdiedofcancerwithintwoweeksat74,andtheheartbreakingeventhauntedtheauthor.Heconsideredwritingamemoir(回忆录)aboutit—“IwasthinkingaboutTrumanCapote,whenhedidthosetinybooksaboutChristmasandThanksgiving.”Buthiswifeencouragedhimtoaimbigger.WhenhefoundhimselfseatednexttothewriterJimHarrisonatadinnerevent,hesharedthestory,andHarrisonsaid,“SometimesGodhandsyouanovel.Youhavetowriteit.”Urreathoughttohimself,“MarchingordersfromJimHarrison—thisisgoodstuff.AkidfromTijuanadoesn’tgetthatveryoften.TheHouseofBrokenAngelsisacelebrationoftheMexican-Americanfamily,butitalsoincludesmomentsoffrustrationwiththiscountry’streatmentoftheimmigrantgroup.Beforehegottoosicktowork,BigAngelworkedinanofficeanddrankcoffeefromacupthatreadBOSS.“Yeah,theemployeesallgotthemessage,”Urreawrites.“TheMexican-Americanwascallinghimselftheirboss.”Inagrocerystore,awomanscreamsattwoofhisfamilymembersthatthey’llbekickedoutofthecountrysoon.“Ihadtobitedownonthebitternessofmyrage(愤怒),man!”Urreasays.“IwashavingsomeprettyseriousresponsetoDonaldTrump’sconfusingandemptytalk.Butyouknow,itmayhaveshockedalotoftheUnitedStatestohearthiskindofemptytalkandthisbald-facedracialismofpoliticsallofasudden,buttous,thisstuffisn’tasurprise.”“Ireallywantedtowriteatributetomybrother,tomyfamilyandtous,butit’salsoalovesongtothecountry,”Urreasays.“Ithinkpeoplehavethisweird,horribleview…thatimmigrantsareevilsnakes.Peopledon’tunderstandthatimmigrationistrulyastatementofloveforthiscountry,whateverthecountryrepresents.Peoplewanttobehereandwork.”Andwithpersistence,theybecome\ntheboss.9.WhydidUrrea’sfathergivehimthebookTheGodfather?A.HewantedUrreatoenjoythe27-hourjourney.B.Hethoughtthebookhadchangedhisownlife.C.HetriedtoshowUrreaarealcaseofcriminals.D.HehopedUrreawouldfeelconnectedtoMexico.10.UrreathoughtofTrumanCapotebecause________.A.CapotewasgoodatwritingtinybooksB.Capote’sbooksareaboutChristmasC.heintendedtowriteamemoirD.helikedreadingCapote’sbooks11.Inthesentence“AkidfromTijuanadoesn’tgetthatveryoften.”“Akid”refersto________.A.JimHarrisonB.LuisAlbertoUrreaC.TrumanCapoteD.BigAngeldelaCruz12.TheHouseofBrokenAngelsmainlyfocusesonthenovelist’s________.A.lovefortheMexican-AmericanfamilyB.lifeintheMexican-AmericanpeopleC.mixedfeelingstowardsAmericanpeopleD.maturereflectiononMexicantraditions【答案】9.D10.C11.B12.A【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小说家LuisAlbertoUrrea的小说《破碎天使之家》的灵感来源，和对墨西哥裔美国家庭的爱。9.推理判断题。由第一段中的“HewasborninTijuanatoaMexicanfatherandawhiteAmericanmotherbeforemovingjustacrosstheborderandeventuallyintotheSanDiegosuburbs.(他出生在提华纳，父亲是墨西哥人，母亲是美国白人，后来越过边界来到圣地亚哥郊区)”和“Alongtheway,hisfathergavehimapaperbackcopyofTheGodfatherandtoldhimitwouldchangehislife.“Idon’tthinkhewastryingtomakeacaseforusbeingcriminals,”Urreasays.“Buthereallyfeltthisincredible\nconnectiontothefamilyandthetraditionsandthehonorfortheoldcountry,aspeopleweremakingtheirwayintheUS.”(一路上，父亲给了他一本平装本《教父》，并告诉他这将改变他的生活。“我不认为他试图证明我们是罪犯，”Urrea说。“但他真的感觉到了这种与家庭、传统和对这个古老国家的荣誉的不可思议的联系，因为人们在美国大行其道。”)”可知Urrea祖籍是墨西哥，Urrea父亲给的《教父》让作者感到了与墨西哥的联系，说明父亲给书是希望Urrea能感受到与墨西哥的联系。故选D项。10.细节理解题。由第四段中的“Heconsideredwritingamemoir(回忆录)aboutit—“IwasthinkingaboutTrumanCapote,whenhedidthosetinybooksaboutChristmasandThanksgiving.”(他考虑过写一本回忆录，“当他写关于圣诞节和感恩节的小册子时，我在想杜鲁门·卡波特。”)”可知Urrea想到了TrumanCapote，因为那时他打算写一本回忆录。故选C项。11.词句猜测题。由第一段中的“WhenthenovelistLuisAlbertoUrreawas14or15,hetookatripdeepintoMexico.HewasborninTijuanatoaMexicanfatherandawhiteAmericanmotherbeforemovingjustacrosstheborderandeventuallyintotheSanDiegosuburbs.(当小说家LuisAlbertoUrrea14或15岁时，他去了墨西哥的深处。他出生在提华纳，父亲是墨西哥人，母亲是美国白人，后来越过边界来到圣地亚哥郊区)”和第五段中的“AkidfromTijuanadoesn’tgetthatveryoften.(提华纳的孩子不常从那里得到)”可知，LuisAlbertoUrrea出生在提华纳，Akid代指LuisAlbertoUrrea。故选B项。12.推理判断题。由倒数第三段“TheHouseofBrokenAngelsisacelebrationoftheMexican-Americanfamily,butitalsoincludesmomentsoffrustrationwiththiscountry'streatmentoftheimmigrantgroup.(《破碎天使之家》是对墨西哥裔美国人家庭的颂扬，但它也包含了对这个国家对待移民群体的失望时刻)”和最后一段中的““Ireallywantedtowriteatributetomybrother,tomyfamilyandtous,butit’salsoalovesongtothecountry,”Urreasays.(“我真的很想为我的兄弟，我的家人和我们写一首颂歌，但这也是一首献给国家的情歌，”Urrea说。)”可知，Urrea在《破碎天使之家》写了对墨西哥裔美国人家庭的颂扬，也有失望的时刻，这是对墨西哥裔美国人家庭的颂歌，也是情歌，说明《破碎天使之家》主要聚焦于小说家对墨西哥裔美国人家庭的爱。故选A项。4\nThereisalotoflosinginsports.Onlyoneteamcanwinatatime,andonlyonechampionescapestheseasonwithouttears.Butthatdoesn’tstopAmericansfromspendingnearly$56billionayearonsportingevents.Isfandom(运动迷)worthit?Atfirstglance,theevidenceisn’tencouraging.Followingaloss,fansaremorelikelythanusualtoeatunhealthyfood,beunproductiveatwork,and–inthecaseoftheSuperBowl-diefromheartdisease.Whataboutfansofthewinningteam?Well,theyaremorelikelythanotherfanstosufferapostgametrafficfatality(死亡)ifthescoreisclose.Rival(竞争的)fans’treatmentofoneanotherishardlymoreencouraging.Arecentstudyfoundthatfansexperiencedgreaterpleasurewhenwatchingarivalteamfail.Fansinanotherstudyreportedschadenfreude,afeelingofsatisfaction,whenreadingabouttheinjuryofarivalteam’splayer,andgluckschmerzorunhappinesswhenlaterreadingabouttheplayer’sunexpectedlyspeedyrecovery.Yetagreatdealofresearchshowsthatbeingafancanalsohavepositiveeffects.Itcanpreventdepressionandbuildasenseofbelongingandself-worth---incasethattheobjectofone’sdevotionisalocalteam.Muchofthisisduetosocialbondsamongfans,butnotall---sportsworshipalsoprovidesfanswithanumberofskillsatdealingwithlife’semotionalchallenges.Alandmark1976studyfoundthatafterawin,fansweremorelikelythanusualtowearclothesconnectedwiththewinningteams,andtoclaimcreditfortheteam’ssuccessbydescribingtheteamas“we”insteadof“they”inconversation.Alongwithschadenfreudeandgluckschmerz,beingafanseemsmorethananythingelsetobeamatterofmanagingresponsestothingsthatcannotcontrol.Sportsfanstendtorespondtoremindersofdeathwithoptimism,andtoremembervictoriesmuchmoreclearlythandefeats.13.Whichofthefollowingstatementisespeciallytrueasforthewinningside’sfans?A.Theymightdiefromheartdisease.B.Theytendtoliveanunhealthylife.C.Theycanhavegoodworkefficiency.\nD.Theymighthaveatrafficaccident.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninparagraph3?A.Rivalfansusuallyholdbadorevenextremeattitudetoeachother.B.Rivalfansoftenfightwitheachother.C.Fanscanfacetheirrivalteambravely.D.Fansneverloseheartwhenfacingtheirrivalteam.15.Whatdidthe1976studyshow?A.Beingafancouldshowgreatdevotiontostudy.B.Beingafancouldcreateasenseofbelonging.C.Beingafancoulddevelopaspiritofoptimism.D.Beingafancouldtestsocialbonds.16.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtobeafanB.Whatit’sliketobefanC.BeingafancanbegoodforyouD.Afan’semotionalchallenges【答案】13.D14.A15.B16.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国的“运动迷”现象，以及成为“运动迷”对粉丝们自身的好处。13.细节理解题。由文章的第二段倒数第二行“Well,theyaremorelikelythanotherfanstosufferapostgametrafficfatality”(他们比其他球迷更有可能遭遇赛后交通事故)得知，D“比起其他的球迷他们更可能会发生赛后交通事故”为正确选项。A.他们可能死于心脏病。B.他们倾向于过不健康的生活。A,B都是失败一方会发生的事情。(由第二段第二句可知)。C.他们在工作上表现得更好，文中没有提及，故选D。14.词句猜测题。本题问划线句子的意思，从后面“Arecentstudyfoundthatfansexperiencedgreaterpleasurewhenwatchingarivalteamfail.Fansinanotherstudyreportedschadenfreude,afeelingofsatisfaction,whenreadingabouttheinjuryofarivalteam’splayer,andgluckschmerzorunhappinesswhenlaterreadingabouttheplayer’sunexpectedlyspeedyrecovery.”(\n最近的一项研究发现，球迷在观看对手的失败时会感受到更大的快乐。在另一项研究中，球迷们报告说，当看到对手球员受伤时，他们会感到幸灾乐祸，当看到对手球员意外迅速康复时，他们会感到不快。)可知，对手球迷通常对彼此持有恶劣甚至极端的态度。故选A。15.推理判断题。文章第四段“Alandmark1976studyfoundthatafterawin,fansweremorelikelythanusualtowearclothesconnectedtothewinningteam,andtoclaimcreditfortheteam’ssuccessbydescribingtheteamas“we”insteadof“they”inconversation…”(1976年一项具有里程碑意义的研究发现，粉丝们更可能穿获胜队的衣服，在和别人对话描述团队的成绩时用“我们”而不是“他们”，说明他们团队中找到了归属感，故选B。16.主旨大意题。由文章第一段最后一句“Isfandom(运动迷)worthit?”(成为一个运动迷是否值得？)文中接着描述了球迷们的心态。根据倒数第二段“Yetagreatdealofresearchshowsthatbeingafancanalsohavepositiveeffects.Itcanpreventdepressionandbuildasenseofbelongingandself-worth”然而，大量研究表明，成为粉丝也会产生积极的影响。它可以防止抑郁，建立归属感和自我价值感。根据最后一段“Sportsfanstendtorespondtoremindersofdeathwithoptimism,andtoremembervictoriesmuchmoreclearlythandefeats.”体育迷们对死亡的回忆往往是乐观的，对胜利的记忆比失败的记忆要清楚得多。所以短文的最佳标题为“当粉丝对你有好处”。故选C。
