小题必练13：阅读理解之细节理解题(1)文章细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。(2)命题人员会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。(3)这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右。1.直接信息题【典例】（2020·山东卷A篇节选）50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.Whatwilleachofthehonorablementionwinnersget?A.Aplaneticket.B.AbookbyCorinneSzabo.C.AspecialT-shirt.D.AphotoofAmeliaEarhart.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据50HonorableMentions这一段“Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight”，由此可知，纪念奖是送的T恤，故选C。【点拨】第一步：依据题干信息，选择定位关键词细节理解题直接信息题一般是对文章局部内容的考查，且题目相对简单，所以，不必通篇细读全文，可先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。关键词主要是题干中的名词，动词和数词，即问题的核心信息。第二步：依据关键词，回原文定位信息进行比对确定了定位关键词后，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，回到原文进行信息定位，然后将选项内容与原文信息比对，得出正确答案。10\n2.间接信息题【典例】（2020·山东卷B篇节选）Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed(牺牲)toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.“Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,”shesays.However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily—andthat’sprettypowerful.WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal? A.Herhealth.B.Hertimewithfamily. C.Herreputation.D.Herchanceofpromotion.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据“Jennifersacrificed(牺牲)toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.”，可知，主人公为了学业，不能陪伴孩子，故选B。【点拨】间接信息题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。3.数字计算题【典例】（2020·山东卷A篇节选）3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.Tripincludesround-tripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Six.【答案】A10\n【解析】细节理解题。根据3GrandPrizes中第一句“TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner'schoice.”可知，旅行可以携带两个人，故选A。【点拨】数字计算题要求考生在原文中找到有关的数字信息，再对相关的信息和数字进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。AEssayCompetitionTheaimofthiscontestistoencouragegreatstudentwritersandtogivethemaleg-upintheirstudies.PrizesOneGrandPrizewinnerwillreceive:$1,000incash;theessaypublishedinourmagazine’sMay2021issue;aninterviewwithourmagazine’sauthor.TenFirstPlacewinnerswillreceive:$500incash;theirnamesandessaytitleslistedinourmagazine'sMay2021issue.FiftyHonorableMentionwinnerswillreceive:a$50giftcardtoouronlineshop.Requirements*Thelengthoftheessayshouldbebetween500-700words.*Writeanessayonthetopicof:HowFoodAffectsOurMood.*Pleasewriteaboutthreereasonsforbelievinginyourthesis(论点)statementintheformofbodyparagraphsandbackupyourreasonswithpracticalevidencefromrespectedsources.*Donotwriteaboutyourselfanddon’texplainwhyyoudeservetowintheprizes.DeadlinesEarly-BirdDeadline:May4,2020--Freefortheentry.Deadline:June5,2020--$5fortheentry.ExtendedDeadline:July22，2020--$10fortheentry.10\n1.WhatwillOneGrandPrizewinnersberewardedwith?A.Receiving$1500incash.B.Havingtheiressaytitleslistedinthemagazine.C.Receivingagiftcardtotheparticularonlineshop.D.Gaininganopportunitytomeetthemagazine'sauthor.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据“aninterviewwithourmagazine’sauthor”可知，特等奖将有和杂志主编见面的机会。故选D。2.Whichofthefollowingmeetstherequirements?A.Writinganessayofmorethan800words.B.Submittinganessayaboutfoodnutrition.C.Expressingyourstrongdesiretogettheaward.D.Supportingyourreasonswithcredibleevidence.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。答案定位到“Requirements”部分,“Pleasewriteaboutthreereasonsforbelievinginyourthesis(论点)statementintheformofbodyparagraphsandbackupyourreasonswithpracticalevidencefromrespectedsources.”请在文章主体部分，写出3个论据来支撑你的论点，论据要从可信度高的资料中获得，要是实用的证据。故选D。3.Whencanyousubmityouressayforfree?A.June4,2020.B.May25,2020.C.March4,2020.D.July25,2020.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。答案定位到“Deadlines”部分，“Early-BirdDeadline:May4,2020--Freefortheentry.”可知20202年5月4日以前是免费的，故选C。BWhen17-year-oldWolfCukieracceptedaninternship(实习)atNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter,heexpectedtobechallengedandgaininsightsintopursuingacareerinphysics.Instead,thehighschooljuniorattainedworldwidefameforanachievement—findinganewplanet!10\nTheteenagerwastaskedwithexaminingimagesofthechangesinstarbrightnessinsearchofevidenceofplanetsoutsideoursolarsystem.“Iwasprettymuchspendingmysummerlookingatdataandimagesonacomputerscreen,”Cukiersaid.“Aboutthreedaysintomyinternship,IsawasignalfromasystemcalledTOI1338.Atfirst,Ithoughtitwasastareclipse(遮光)butthetimingwaswrong.Itturnedouttobeaplanet.”Anditwasnoordinaryplaneteither.FurtherresearchbyCukierandateamofscientistsfromGoddardrevealedthatTOI1338b,asitisnowcalled,isarareplanet—aworldorbitingtwostars.Cukier,afanofStarWars,comparesittoTatooineinthemovie.“It'sverymuchlikeTatooine,atleasthowthestarswouldappearinthesky.So,itwouldalsohaveadoublesunset.”Theresearchers,whoshowedtheirfindingsonJanuary6,2020,believethatTOI1338bisabout6.9timeslargerthantheearth.ItisalsotheonlyplanetintheTOI1338system,whichlies1,300light-yearsawayfromtheearth.TheexpertsstatethatTOI1338b'stwostars,whichorbiteachotherevery15days,varyinsize.Talkingabouthisdiscovery,Cukiersaysitwasbothluckand“puttinginthehardwork”thatledtohisdiscovery.“Yes,whatIdidisimpressive,butitalsodidn'ttakethatmanyspecialskills.So,ifsomeoneisinterestedinscience,likemyage,andeveniftheydon'thavetraining,theyshouldstilljustreachouttoresearchersandfindsomethingthattheycandobecausealmostanyonecanlookthroughdata.Itjusthappenedtobeme,whosawthisone.”Asforhisfuture,Cukierplanstostudyeitherphysicsorastrophysicsincollege.HehopestoattendStanford,PrincetonorMITnextautumn.语篇解读：本文是新闻报道。文章通过介绍一位美国高中生在NASA实习时，通过查看数据与图像，发现一颗特殊的行星，这颗行星同时围绕两颗恒星旋转。高中生还幽默地将这颗行星与电影中的行星做比较。最后，高中生表达了对天文学的热爱和今后的职业规划。主题贴近学生生活，对学生有教育意义。4.HowdidWolfCukierfeelwhenhefirstsawthesignalfromTOI1338b?A.Hewasoverjoyed.10\nB.Hewaspuzzled.C.Hewasworried.D.Hewasuninterested.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。把题干中的“HowdidWolfCukierfeel”与第一、二段的内容进行匹配；从第二段中的“Aboutthreedaysintomyinternship,IsawasignalfromasystemcalledTOI1338.Atfirst,Ithoughtitwasastareclipsebutthetimingwaswrong.Itturnedouttobeaplanet.”可知，开始主人公以为是恒星的遮光，但与时间又不符。这说明WolfCukier在刚看到图像信息时是困惑的。故选B。5.WhatisspecialaboutTOI1338b?A.ItwasfoundbyNASAscientists.B.Itcirclesaroundtwostars.C.ItresemblesTatooineinthesolarsystem.D.Itisabout6.9timeslargerthantheearth.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。排除选项A，文本第一段表明是一位高中生在NASA实习时最早洞察到新行星的，而不是美国航天局的科学家；选择选项B，文本第三段中的“arareplanet—aworldorbitingtwostars”说明其特别之处；排除选项C，文本第二段中的“examiningimagesofthechangesinstarbrightnessinsearchofevidenceofplanetsoutsideoursolarsystem”，说明新行星不属于太阳系；排除选项D，文本第三段中提到了行星的大小，但不是其特别之处。故选B。6.WhatdoesWolfCukierthinkleadstohisdiscovery?A.Hisaffectionforstarwarsmovies.B.HavinganinternshipatNASA.C.Hisluckanddevotion.D.Hisspecialskillsandtraining.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由第四段中的“Cukiersaysitwasbothluckand‘puttinginthehardwork’thatledtohisdiscovery”可知C项正确。故选C。7.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A.Amoviereview.B.Aphysicspaper.10\nC.Asciencefiction.D.Anewspaperreport.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。通读本短文内容可知，这是一篇“新闻报道”。A选项为“电影影评”，排除；B选项为“物理学论文”，排除；C选项为“科幻小说”，排除。故选D。CDecidingtogethermoney’sworthoutoftheweddingdressonwhichshespentover$1,000,anAustralianwomanhasbeenwearingherweddingdress,ayearafterherwedding.43-year-oldTammyHalladoptedanewlifestyle-anti-consumerism(反消费主义)lifestylein2016,afteratriptoIndiaopenedhereyestohowmuchweasasocietyconsumed.ShedecidednottobuyanynewclothesorfootwearforawholeyearaftershereturnedhometoAdelaide,inSouthernAustralia,andshemanagedtomakeit.Butlastyear,asherweddingdayapproached,shefacedadilemma.Shewantedtolookgoodonthemostimportantdayofherlife,buthowcouldshespendasmallfortuneontheweddingdressshewouldonlywearonthatday?"IntheendIdecidedthatifIwasgoingtogetaweddingdress,I'dmakesureIcouldgetmymoney'sworth,"HalltellsPARealLife."ThefirsttimeIworeitaftertheweddingwastovoteintheAustralianelectioninearly2019,"the43-year-oldadds."Sincethen,it'sbeentoallsortsofplaces.Wearingitonacrowdedtrainwasespeciallyfunny,butI'vewornittodohousework,tofootballgamesandtothegym."Hallsaysthatshehasgottensomestrangelooksfrompeople,butnoirritating（令人愤怒的）comments.Itmayhavesomethingtodowiththefactthatthedressisnotthefanciest,butshebelievespeoplearejusttooreservedtosayanything.Anyway,shedoesn'treallycare,becausesheknowsshehastohitthegoalshehassetandwearingthedressmultipletimesisthemostreasonablewayshecouldthinkoftomakethemostofherweddingdress.HallnowplanstowearherweddingdressonatriptoIcelandthatsheandherpartnerwilltakenextsummer.10\n语篇解读：这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，一位反消费主义观念的澳大利亚妇女，为了避免浪费，结婚后一直穿婚纱做各种事，她认为多次穿上这件婚纱是利用婚纱最合理的方式。8.WhydidTammyHalladoptanewlifestyle?A.ToadaptherselftoIndianlife.B.Tocutdownherconsumption.C.Tosavemoneyforhernexttrip.D.Togetpreparedforherwedding.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由题干关键词TammyHall和anewlifestyle可将答案定位到第二段。由第二段的句子可知，43岁的TammyHall接受了一种新的生活方式——反消费主义，因为此前一次印度之行让她看到了我们这个社会消费了多少东西，回到Adelaide后，她决定一整年不买任何新衣服或新鞋，说明她认为社会存在过度消费，所以接受反消费主义并缩减消费。故选B项。9.WhatdidTammyHalldotogethermoney'sworthoutofherweddingdress?A.Shebroughtfuntopeoplewithit.B.Shetriedtowearittoearnmoney.C.Sheworeitrepeatedlyindailylife.D.Shegotitexchangedagainandagain.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由第四段和第五段可知，为了确保从婚纱中得到价值，婚礼后她穿婚纱去2019年初的澳大利亚大选中投票，从那以后，她穿婚纱去过各种各样的地方，在拥挤的火车，做家务、踢足球和健身；可知TammyHall在日常生活中穿婚纱。故选C项。10.WhatcanweinferaboutTammyHall?A.Sheisdeterminedtoturnherideasintopractice.B.Shevaluesherweddingdresslessthanhertrips.C.Shehasbeenstrugglingtomaketheendsmeet.D.Shehasinfluencedpeople'slifestylewidely.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。由第二段“ShedecidednottobuyanynewclothesorfootwearforawholeyearaftershereturnedhometoAdelaide,inSouthernAustralia,and10\nshemanagedtomakeit.”第四段“IntheendIdecidedthatifIwasgoingtogetaweddingdress,I'dmakesureIcouldgetmymoney'sworth”和倒数第二段“Anyway,shedoesn'treallycare,becausesheknowsshehastohitthegoalshehassetandwearingthedressmultipletimesisthemostreasonablewayshecouldthinkoftomakethemostofherweddingdress.”推断出TammyHall是一个能把想法付诸实践的人。故选A项。DPoetryContestPoetryContestDeadline:Monday,November23,2020Sponsoredby:FunomMakamaContestDescription•18poemsofthemaximum35allowedtobeenteredhavebeenentered.•Carefullyreadthesamplepoembyvisitingourwebsiteatwww.cobuild.collins.co.uk.•TakenoteofALLthemeters/patters/sequenceusedinthesamplepoem.WhattoSubmit?Anoriginalpoemonanythemeandofanytitle,publishednotearlierthanthe25thofOctober,2020,thispoemMUSTfollowallthemeters/patters/sequenceyou'vekeenlyobservedinthesamplepoem.Beneathyourpoemshouldbethecontestname,sponsor'snameanddateofpublication.PreparingYourEntrySubmitonecopyofyourpoemonline.Formatyourpoem.Pleasemakeyourentryeasytoread---noillustrationsorfancyfonts(字体).EnglishLanguagePoemsshouldbeinEnglish.Poemstranslatedfromotherlanguagesarenotqualified,unlessyouwroteboththeoriginalpoemandthetranslation.NotetoPoetryContestantsYouarewelcometoenterthiscontest,whetherornotyouwonaprizeinone10\nofourpreviouscontests.GOODLUCK!11.Howmanypoemshavebeenenteredforthecontestsofar?A.17B.18C.35.D.53.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据“18poemsofthemaximum35allowedtobeenteredhavebeenentered.”最多可以有35首参赛诗，目前有18首参赛。故选B。12.Whatpreparationsshouldacontestantmakeforhis/herentry?A.Printingthepoemonthepaper.B.Formattingthepoemproperly.C.Addingillustrationsbeneaththepoem.D.Writingthepoemwithbeautifulfonts.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。答案定位到“PreparingYourEntry”，根据”Submitonecopyofyourpoemonline.Formatyourpoem.Pleasemakeyourentryeasytoread---noillustrationsorfancyfonts(字体).”可知，要将你的诗歌的副本上传到网上。诗歌要排版，参赛作品要简洁，不要有插图和字体。故选B。13.Whatkindofpoemsismostlikelytobeenteredforthecontest?A.ApoemselectedfromabookB.ApoempublishedonOctober24,2020.C.ApoemwritteninFrenchwithoutitstranslation.D.Apoemwrittenonyourownwiththegivenpattern.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据“Anoriginalpoemonanythemeandofanytitle,publishednotearlierthanthe25thofOctober,2020.诗歌需要原创并且不能于2020年10月25日之前发表，故A、B选项错误；根据“PoemsshouldbeinEnglish.Poemstranslatedfromotherlanguagesarenotqualified.”诗歌必须是英文，翻译成别的语言没有参赛资格，故C选项错误。D选项：符合给定格式的原创诗歌，是可以参赛的。故选D。10
