解密14阅读理解之推理判断题序号题型真题Part1解密高考考点综述备考建议Part2对点解密考点精准说1...真题对点析1...对点模拟练1...Part3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part1解密高考【考点综述】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。常见的题干有：1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat…2.Wecanconcludethat…3.Whenthewritertalksabout...,whathereallymeansisthat…4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?【备考建议】从历年的高考阅读理解题分析来看，推理判断题所占的比例大概在7％-10％，根据高考对阅读理解之推理判断题的考察，在复习备考中，考生应该从以下五大题型注意复习：细节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、预测想象推理题和写作意图推测题。Part2对点解密【考点精准说】1----→细节推断题常见的设问方式：Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage/textthat_________.Theauthormainlysuggeststhat________.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_______.Thewriterimpliesbutnotdirectlystates_______.\nWhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutnewspapers?细节判断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。干扰项特点：1.文章中直接用于表达细节的信息2.文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论3.与文章内容完全相反的结论4.不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。解题技巧1.要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。2.要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。3.注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。【真题对点析】1（2020·全国卷1，B）Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There’sawelcomefamiliarity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It’strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it’sallaboutthepresent.It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannuallyThefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringisEmestHemningway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(随笔)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.\nWhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.24．Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?A．Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.B．It’sawindowtoawholenewworld.C．It’sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.D．Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.25．WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeas!?A．It’sabriefaccountofatrip.B．It’saboutHemingway’slifeasayoungman.C．It’sarecordofahistoricevent.D．It’saboutHemingway’sfriendsinParis.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂currency＂inparagraph4referto?A．DebtB．Reward.C．Allowance.D．Facevalue.27．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A．Helovespoetry.B．He’saneditor.C．He’sveryambitious.D．Heteachesreading.【答案】24．D25．B26．B27．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。24．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichand\ntransformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“Thebeautyofrereadingliesinthatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentregister.Itistrue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.”及“anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出AMovableFeast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。26．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ThethirdbookisJulioCortázar’sSaveTwilight:selectedpoems,becausepoetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城:诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。【对点模拟练】1ThebusscreamedtoastopinNazareth,Israel.FiveAustralianbackpackersboardedandstruckupaconversationwithme.Theyaskedtypicaltravelers’questions—wherewasIgoingandwhywasItravelingalone?Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend,Iexplained,butwhenIcalledherthatmorning,shedidn’tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.Mystomachwasinknots,butIdecidedtoheadoutanyway,thinkingImightrunintoherifItraveledtoTiberius,wherewehadplannedtogotogether.“Whydon’tyoutravelwithus?”oneofthebackpackersoffered.Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths,save,thentravelforaslongastheycould.TheircurrentplanwastoexploretheMiddleEastandEuropeinthreemonthswhileworkinginLondon.Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers,butmyinstinctsaidyes.Forthenexttwoweeks,IexploredIsraelwiththebackpackersandlearnedtotrustmyinstinctsinalltypesofnewandinterestingsituations.Whentheyhookaride,Itookthebus,butwhentheywantedtostealintotheKingDavidHotel’sswimmingpool,Iledtheway.TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone.Ijoinedcompletestrangers,whobecomeclosefriends.Yearslater,onecouple\nfromthebackpackinggroupevenflewfromSydneytoPhoenixtobeinmywedding.Thetripwassuchaspecialexperiencethatitgavemeconfidenceinallareasofmylife.Sincethen,I’vebackpackedaloneacrossSouthAfrica,sky-divedfrom12,000feetinNewZealandandevenmovedacrosstheU.S.withnojoblinedup.OnmythirddaywanderinginIsraelwithmynewfriends,IbumpedintothewomanIwassupposedtomeet.ThoughIwashappyshewasallright,Iwasgratefulshehadn’tpickedupthephone.1.By“Mystomachwasinknots”(inparagraph1),theauthormostlikelymeansthatshewas______.A.sickofridingonabumpybusB.nervousofmeetingstrangersC.upsetaboutthesuddenchangeD.sorryabouttheimpracticalplan2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebackpackerstheauthormet?A.Courageousbutdisrespectful.B.Joblessandpoorlyeducated.C.Warmheartedandtrustworthy.D.Homelessbutlighthearted.3.Theauthor’ssixthsensetoldherthat______.A.shewouldgetalongwiththebackpackersB.itmightcausetroubletohaveaswimC.sheoughttostayawayfromthebackpackersD.itcouldaddexcitementtogetafreeride4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Mostofthebackpackersbecametheauthor’slifelongfriends.B.Theauthorgatheredthecouragetobeafulltimebackpacktraveler.C.Thewomanmissedthephonecallwiththepurposeoftravelingalone.D.Theauthorconsidereditthebestdecisionofherlifetotravelonherown.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者原本与朋友约好去旅游，却被放了鸽子，她决定一个人去。途中她遇见了五个背包客，这些背包客邀请她一起去旅游，她和这些人一起经历了美好的几天，并和他们成了好朋友。1.C【解析】推理判断题。根据前文“Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend,Iexplained,butwhenIcalledherthatmorning,shedidn’tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.”可知作者被朋友放鸽子了，被放鸽子肯定是失望的，C项（因为突然的变化而感到沮丧的）最符合作者此时的心情，所以选C。\n2.C【解析】推理判断题。根据““Whydon’tyoutravelwithus?”oneofthebackpackersoffered”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游，说明他们很热心；根据“Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths,save,thentravelforaslongastheycould”可知这些背包客旅游经验很丰富，所以是值得信任的，综合选C。3.A【解析】推理判断题。根据“Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers,butmyinstinctsaidyes.”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游时，她的本能（instinct）也就是第六感说了“好”，也就是说她的第六感让她相信她能和这些背包客相处的很好，才会答应他们的邀请，故选A。4.D【解析】推理判断题。根据“TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone.”可知作者觉得自己选择一个人旅游让自己看到了更大的世界，再结合最后一句“ThoughIwashappyshewasallright,Iwasgratefulshehadn’tpickedupthephone.”可知作者庆幸她的朋友没有接她的电话。由此可以判断作者认为自己选择一个人去旅行是一个很好的决定，故选D。【考点精准说】2--→预测推断题常见的设问方式：Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhen/if…?Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite_______.Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybeabout_______.Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostlikelytobetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?有些内容文章中没有明确说明，这就要求考生根据语篇内容，对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行预测、推断。作这类题时考生应准确把握作者的写作思路，从而作出比较准确的、合情合理的猜测。解题技巧做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。【真题对点析】2\n（2018﹒新课标全国卷Ⅱ，B）ManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsformBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesofslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.zx.x.kIfyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.24.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?A.Theycontainprotein.B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.25.Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?A.Tomakethemsmellbetter.B.Tokeeptheircolour.C.Tospeeduptheirripening.D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.26.Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A.Adessert.B.Adrink.C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.27.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?\nA.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.【语篇解读】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文中讲述了人们热爱水果丰盛的7月，这时候各种水果营养丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰淇淋。24.C【解析】细节理解题。题干问的是，作者喜欢樱桃什么。根据第二段中Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?（至于樱桃，因为它们很好吃谁在乎呢?）可知，作者在乎的是它的美味。故选C。26.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow可知，孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部，然后看到冰激凌从下面出来。故可以推出ajuicer就是一台机器。故选D。27.B【解析】文章出处题。文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的季节，并指出各种水果富含的营养，最后一段指出我们可以用ajuicer为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌，故最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。A项意为：生物教科书；B项意为：一本健康杂志；C项意为：一篇研究论文；D项意为：一本旅游手册。故选B。【对点模拟练】2In1971wewerelivinginWichita,Kansas—Lincolnwasaboutseven,BrendanwasthreeandKristenwasababy.Momwasstayingwithusduringtheholidays.OnChristmasEveIstayedupverylate.Iwastotallyalonewithmythoughts,alternatingbetweenjoyandsorrow,andIgottothinkaboutmypaperroute(送报),thattree,whatmymotherhadsaidtomeandhowdadhadtriedtomakethingsbetter.IheardanoiseinthekitchenanddiscoveredthatitwasMom.Shecouldn’tsleepeitherandhadgottenuptomakeherselfacupofhotteawhichmadeherfeelbetter.Asshewaitedforthewatertoboil,shewalkedintothelivingroomanddiscoveredmethere.ShesawmyopenBibleandaskedmewhatIwasreading.WhenItoldher,sheaskedifIwouldreadittoherandIdid.Whenthekettlebegantowhistle,shewentandmadehertea.Shecameback.ItoldherhowhappyIwasthatshewaswithusforChristmasandhowIwishedthatDadcouldhavelivedtosee\nhisgrandchildrenandtoenjoythistimebecausehealwayslovedChristmassomuch.Shewentveryquietforamomentandthenshesaid,"DoyourememberthattimeonTwelveMileRoadwhenyouboughtthattreewithyourpaperroutemoney?""Yes,"Isaid,"I’vejustbeenthinkingaboutityouknow."Shehesitatedforalongmoment,asthoughsomethingwasbottledupsodeeplyinsidehersoulthatitmighttakecouragetogetitout.Finally,greattearsrolleddownherfaceandshecried,"Oh,son,pleaseforgiveme.ThattimeandthatChristmashavebeenaburdenonmyheartfortwenty-fiveyears.IwishyourdadwereheresoIcouldtellhimhowsorryIamforwhatIsaid."Whatislikelytobedescribedinthenextparagraph?A.HowtheywouldcelebratetheChristmas.B.Howtheauthor’sfathersupportedthefamily.C.Whathappenedtotheauthor’sparentsinthepast.D.Thereasonfortheauthor’sparents’divorce.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。我和三个孩子以及我的母亲居住在一起。圣诞前夜,我熬夜未睡,意外发现母亲也未入睡,当我们回忆往事时,她失声痛哭。【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段母亲所说的话"ThattimeandthatChristmashavebeenaburdenonmyheartfortwenty-fiveyears.IwishyourdadwereheresoIcouldtellhimhowsorryIamforwhatIsaid"可推知,母亲想起了以前圣诞节的事,对自己所做的事感到难过;据此可以判断,下文将叙述发生在作者父母身上的故事,故C项正确。【考点精准说】3----→文章来源或读者对象题常见的设问方式：Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_______.Thepassageisprobablytakenoutof________.Whereisthepassagemostlikelyfrom?文章来源或读者对象推断题要求考生具备一定的常识。因此考生本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小说、童话、广告、教材、说明书、旅游指南、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能在做题时根据文章的特点选出答案。【真题对点析】3（2019·全国卷I，C）\nAsdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary.B.AguidebookC.Anovel.D.Amagazine.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，目前，向指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。31.D【解析】推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，由此可知，本文是关于科技，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本杂志。故选D。【对点模拟练】3When6-year-oldTarrynHenkelmanwalkedthroughagiantblueboxfilledwithtoys,sheknewexactlywhatshewanted.WhensheandherparentswalkedoutoftheGoodwillonPavilionLane,sheheldafold-upblueminibiketightlytoherchest.Heroldminibikerecentlybroke,andshewantedtomovearoundherneighborhoodontwowheelsonceagain.Shehadn’twalkedintothestoreexpectingapresent,butassheandherfamilywalkedpastthecountertheygotaholidaysurprisewhenToddWakefield,Goodwill’sSeniorDirectorofRetail,\ndeliveredsomegoodnews."Allkidstoday,alldaylong,youcangetonefreetoy,orfreekids’book,"hesaid,announcingaspecialtreatmadepossiblebyananonymous(匿名的)donor.Nearlyadecadeago,oneFortCollinsmancutacheckcoveringthecostofeverytoyinthestoreandrepeatediteveryyear,sothatanychildwhowalksthroughthefrontdoorcanpickoutsomethingtotakehomeforfree.Hesaidhedidnotneedrecognitionforhisactofkindness,butsaidthatthisdayhadbecomeanimportantpartofhisfamily’sChristmastradition.Askidscrowdedaroundplasticboxesoverflowingwithtoys,heandhiswifequietlytookinthescenebeforeslippingoutthefrontdoor,unnoticed.Storestaffmemberssetasideextratoysinthedayleadinguptothesurprisegiveawaytomakesurethatnochildleftempty-handedonSaturday.WakefieldwasthestoremanagerattheFortCollinsGoodwillthefirstyeartheanonymousdonorwalkedthroughthefrontdoorandaskedtobuyupthetoysection.EventhoughWakefieldhassincetakenajobatGoodwill’scorporateoffice,hemadeapointofcomingtothisyearlyevent."We’vegotsomeamazingpeoplethroughoutourcommunity,"hesaid."Thisiswhatourbusinessrunson,peoplewillingtogiveandhelptheircommunity."1．WhydidTarrynHenkelmanwantaminibike?A.Tolearntorideit.B.Tosurpriseherneighbors.C.Toshowitoffbeforeherfamily.D.Tobikearoundhercommunity.2．WhatwasaholidaysurpriseforTarrynHenkelman?A.Adonorgavemoneytoher.B.Astrangertreatedhertoapresent.C.Thestoredonatedatoytoher.D.Herparentsboughtaminibikeforher.3．WhichwordscandescribetheFortCollinsman?A.Considerateandsmart.B.Helpfulandoptimistic.C.Generousandkind-hearted.D.Sympatheticandeasy-going.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位匿名的捐赠者把Goodwill商店玩具区里的所有物品购买下来，然后作为礼物赠送给孩子们的故事，展现了捐赠者慷慨善良的高尚品质，弘扬了社会正能量。1．D【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段中的最后一句"Heroldminibikerecentlybroke,andshewantedtomovearoundherneighborhoodontwowheelsonce\nagain"可知，她原来的车坏了，所以她想得到一辆新车，然后再绕着她居住的社区骑行。故选D。2．B【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段中的最后一句"‘Allkidstoday,alldaylong,youcangetonefreetoy,orfreekids’book,’hesaid,announcingaspecialtreatmadepossiblebyananonymous(匿名的)donor"及最后一段中的"askedtobuyupthetoysection"可知，一位匿名的捐赠者买下了Goodwill商店玩具区里的所有物品，并将其中的玩具和儿童读物免费赠送给来到店里的孩子们，故TarrynHenkelman的节日惊喜是得到了捐赠者送的礼物，故选B。3．C【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"oneFortCollinsmancutacheckcoveringthecostofeverytoyinthestore...forfree"可知，这个匿名的捐赠者开出了支票来购买Goodwill商店玩具区里的所有物品，以让每一个来到商店的孩子都能够免费得到一个礼物，故可推知这个匿名的捐赠者是慷慨的、善良的。【考点精准说】4---→写作意图推测题常见的设问方式：Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext?Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto_______.Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat________.Thefact…ismentionedbytheauthortoshow________.Theauthorwritersthelastparagraphinorderto________.写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。【真题对点析】4（2019·北京卷·D）Bytheendofthecentury，ifnotsooner，theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate，accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms，thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue，dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas，whilereducing\nitinotherspots，leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface，wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie，theyburycarboninthedeepocean，animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth，sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow，butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz，ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience，builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.”shesaid，“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”42.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive.B.BeneficialC.SignificantD.Unnoticeable44.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchangesC.PhytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimateD.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？A.ToassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchangesB.ToanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchainC.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans\nD.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton【语篇解读】本文为说明文。一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游植物的生长。42.B【解析】段落大意题。第一段“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”可知，到本世纪末，一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。结合第二段“Attheheartphenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganismscalledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentration”可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。分析选项可知B符合题意，故选B。43.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunshineandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.”可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swamningtrend”可知，浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。可知A项正确。44.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener”,可知Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了”。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。分析选项可知D项符合题意。45.C【解析】目的意图题。第一段提出文章的主旨“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.\n”可知到本世纪末。一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarningtrendWarmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,…”可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响，变暖改变了海洋的关键特征，并能影响浮游植物的生长”。可知本文主要解释气候变化对海洋的影响。故选C。【对点模拟练】4JameyTurneroftenperformstolargecrowdsinOldTownAlexandria,Virginia.Youcanfindhimplayinganunusualmusicalinstrument,theglassharp(竖琴),nearAlexandria’shistoricwaterfront.Aglassharpismadeupofdifferent-sizeddrinkingglasses,eachcontainingwater.Turnermakesmusicbyrunninghisfingersoverthetopsoftheglasses.Bydoingso,eachglassmakesadifferentmusicalsound.Turneris78yearsoldnow.Hebecameinterestedinplayingtheglassharpattheageofsix,whenheheardhisfatherplayingwithaglassofwateratthedinnertable.Hehasbeenplayingitfor50years.TodayTurnerputstogetherhisinstrumentbyplacing60differentglassesonawoodensoundboard.Heholdstheglassesinplacewithrubberbands,whichkeepsthemfrombreaking.Hethenaddsdifferentamountsofwatertoeachonetocreatedifferentmusicalnotes.Addingortakingawayjustalittlewaterwillchangethesound.Addingwatertoaglasswillmakealowersound.Thesmallerbowlsofwaterproduceahighersound,whilethelargeronesproducealower,deepersound.Turneralwaysuseslow-pricedglassbecauseitsoundsbetterthancostlycrystal(水晶)andhehasmorecontroloverthesound.Beforebuyingnewglasses,hewilltesttheminstores.Theglassharpwaspopular300yearsagowhencomposerslikeWolfgangMozartwrotemusicfortheinstrument.Therehavebeenabout400piecesofmusicwrittenjustfortheglassharp.ButTurnerplaysallkindsofmusic,evenpopularmusicfromChina.Fewpeopleplaytheglassharpthesedays,butTurnersaysheseesvideosofpeopleexperimentingwiththeinstrumentontheInternet.Hehopesthenextgenerationwillcontinuemakingtheirmusic.1．WhatdoweknowaboutTurner?A.Hebeganplayingtheglassharpatsix.B.Heoftenteachesglassharplessonsonline.\nC.HeisagreatmasteroftheChineselanguage.D.Hewasinspiredbyhisfathertolearntheglassharp.2．Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheglassharp?A.ItsinventorisWolfgangMozart.B.Itismadeupofglassesofthesamesize.C.Itappearstobegaininginpopularitytoday.D.Itssoundsareaffectedbytheamountofwaterintheglasses.3．WhydoesTurnerprefertousecheapglass?A.Tosavemoney.B.Toproducebettersounds.C.Tohelprecycledrinkingglasses.D.Toincreasedifficultyinperforming.4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AMusicianPleasesCrowdsbyPlayingGlassesB.PlayingtheGlassHarp:aNewTrendC.JameyTurner’sDreamComingTrueD.WonderfulMusicHasNoBorders【语篇解读】本文是记叙文，杰米·特纳经常在弗吉尼亚州亚历山大人群密集的地方演奏玻璃竖琴音乐:敲击不同大小的盛水的玻璃杯,发出动听的乐声。他不仅能演奏玻璃竖琴专门乐曲,还能用它演奏中国流行音乐。1．D【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句"Hebecameinterestedinplayingtheglassharpattheageofsix,whenheheardhisfatherplayingwithaglassofwateratthedinnertable"可知,在六岁时,杰米·特纳听到父亲在餐桌上用一玻璃杯水演奏音乐,开始对玻璃竖琴产生兴趣;据此可知,D项正确。2．D【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段第三、四句"Hethenaddsdifferentamountsofwatertoeachonetocreatedifferentmusicalnotes.Addingortakingawayjustalittlewaterwillchangethesound."可知,杯子中水的量不同,产生的音调也不同;添加或去掉少量水就会改变声音。据此可知,玻璃竖琴的声音受杯子中水的量的影响,故D项正确。3．B【解析】考查细节理解。根据第五段第一句"Turneralwaysuseslow-pricedglassbecauseitsoundsbetterthancostlycrystal(水晶)andhehasmorecontroloverthesound"可知,特纳总是使用低价玻璃杯是因为其声音听起来比昂贵的水晶杯好听,故B项正确。\n4．A【解析】考查标题判断。根据第一段第一、二句"JameyTurneroftenperformstolargecrowdsinOldTownAlexandria,Virginia.Youcanfindhimplayinganunusualmusicalinstrument,theglassharp(竖琴),nearAlexandria’shistoricwaterfront"并结合全文内容可知,本文主要讲述了一位音乐家为人群演奏玻璃竖琴的故事。故A项最适合作本文标题。【考点精准说】5---→人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。干扰项特点：1.是自己的某种看法或观点2.是社会的一种普遍种倾向3.是与本文无关或与作者相反的观点或看法等解题技巧：1.问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中表达感情色彩的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；2.如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。【真题对点析】5（2019·北京卷·C）Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon'tknow.Bynextyear，halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams(欺诈).Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools，appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately，it'stoolittle，toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions"(解决方案)becomewidelyavailable，scammerswill\nhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture，it'snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou'rehearingisactuallyreal.That'sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(处理)andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear'sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman–soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.ThereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecisionAdecadeofdatabreaches(数据侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother'sname，andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge.they'reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans.forexample，thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller's，rickingyouinto"confirming"youraddress，mother'sname，andcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney，socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone，andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby.orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtoharderfromhereonout.38.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobecalls?A.Panicked.B.Confused.C.Embarrassed.D.Disappointed.39.takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies，scammercan______.A.aimatvictimspreciselyB.damagedatabaseseasilyC.startcampaignsrapidlyD.spreadinformationwidely\n40.Whatdoesthepassageimply?A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.B.Technologiescanbedouble-edited.C.Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.D.Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.41.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedB.WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRoboeallsC.WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousD.HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。38.D【解析】观点态度题。根据第一段中的“Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontoclevermeans”可知，最后，我们通过支持和开发一组旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法，认识到了问题的严重性。不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。在这些“解决方案”被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故D选项正确。39.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreachesofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s,trickingyouinto“confirming”youraddress,mother’sname,andcardnumber”可知，机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关。长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的运动来欺骗人们。\n根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确的确定他们行骗的目标。故A选项正确。40.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声音，它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订。由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面。根据第三段的叙述可知，欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。由此推知，这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好的作用，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑。故B选项正确。41.C【解析】主旨大意题。第一段提到：robocalls（机器人电话:自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在未来变得会越来越严重，不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑，而且你会质疑听到的声音是否是真的。第二段介绍原因：语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。第三段介绍了语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。综上，文章第一段点明文章中心：机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话题展开的。故C选项适合作标题。【对点模拟练】5AsmoreEuropeansarrivedinAmerica500yearsago,theywereinsuchgreatneedofthelandthattheyandthenativeAmericanIndiansbattledconstantly.Bytheendofthe19thcentury,mostIndiantribes(部落)weremovedtoreservations.AlotoftheirchildrenweretakenawaytoboardingschoolstolearntospeakEnglish.Bytheendofthe20thcentury,morethanhalfoftheNativeAmericansintheUSwerelivingincities.TheygaveupspeakingtheiroldtriballanguageandonlyusedEnglish.Asaresult,manyNativeAmericanlanguagesdisappearedandwiththattheirculture.TodaysomeAmericanIndianlanguagesareusuallyspokenbytheoldermembersofthetribeswhostillliveonthereservations.InNorthAmericathereare150—170languagesthathaveatleastonespeaker.OneancientlanguagespokenbytheNorthernPaiutetribehasover100speakers.Butthegoodnewsisthatsomeofthesepeoplearekeepingtheircultureandlanguagealive.TheyarealsoreceivinghelpfromtheNationalGeographicSociety’sEnduringVoicesproject,whoseaimistohelplanguagesaroundtheworldwhicharedyingout.Theteammeetsthese"lastspeakers".Theexpertsinterviewthemandtheyarerecordedwithvideo,picturesandsoon.TheyalsotelloldstorieswhicharewrittendowninEnglishsopeoplecanlearnmoreaboutthecultures.Recordingthelanguageandcultureisonlypartoftheproject.Thenextstageistopassonthelanguagetothenextgeneration.TheSalishtribeisanexcellentexampleofhowschoolscanhelp.ThetribelivesontheFlatheadIndianReservationinMontana.Theirlanguageisspoken\nbyabout50peopleagedover75.Sonow,thelocalpeoplehavesetupaschool.Ithas30studentsagedtwototwelveduringthedayandtherearealsocoursesforadultsintheevening.1．WhydidEuropeansfightwiththeAmericanIndians?A.ToliveinAmericancities.B.Tooccupymorelivingspace.C.TohaveIndiansspeakEnglish.D.TomakeIndianculturesdisappear.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"They"refertoinParagraph3?A.Theexperts.B.Therecordings.C.TheIndiancultures.D.Thelastspeakers.3．WhatcanweknowabouttheSalishtribe?A.Ithasitsownlanguageschool.B.IthasgivenupspeakingEnglish.C.ItsnextgenerationspeaksEnglish.D.Itslanguageisonlylearntbyadults.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.LearningAmericanIndianLanguagesB.ResearchingonAmericanIndianLanguagesC.SavingAmericanIndianLanguagesD.FindingLostAmericanIndianLanguages【语篇解读】本文属于说明文,介绍了美洲印第安人的语言和文化正在逐渐消失,为了传承这些语言和文化,专家们和印第安人部落正在采取措施,比如将印第安人语言录制下来,开办学校教授这些语言等。1．B【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"AsmoreEuropeans...theywereinsuchgreatneedofthelandthattheyandthenativeAmericanIndiansbattledconstantly"信息可知,欧洲人是为了获得更多的生存空间,才会不停地与美洲印第安人打仗。2．D【解析】考查代词指代。本句前面谈到能讲美洲当地语言的人很少了,专家们就采访能说这些语言的人,并录像或拍照保存下来;本句是说"这批最后的语言使用者"还讲述自己文化中古老的故事,这些故事被用英语记载下来,以便让更多的人了解他们的文化。可见这里的"They"指代的是前面谈到的"lastspeakers"。3．A【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Theirlanguageisspokenbyabout50peopleagedover75.Sonow,thelocalpeoplehavesetupaschool"信息可知,Salish部落现在有自己的语言学校,教孩子们学习自己的部落语言,还给成年人提供夜校语言课程,故选A。4．C\n【解析】考查标题判断。本文主要谈到了美洲印第安人的语言在逐渐消失,专家们和印第安人部落正在采取措施保护这些语言。故选C。Part3强化集训【真题模测】Passage1(2020全国卷2C)Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时装)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave(showcased)nutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物种).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus.”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays，”Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-1thinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.31828．WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A．Topromoteguilt-freefur.B．Toexpandthefashionmarket.C．Tointroduceanewbrand.\nD．Tocelebrateawinterholiday.29．Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A．Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.B．Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.C．Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.D．Nutriaareillegallyhunted.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A．Boomed.B．Becamemature.C．Remainedstable.D．Crashed.31．WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A．It’sformal.B．It’srisky.C．It’sharmful.D．It’straditional.【答案】28．A29．A30．D31．B【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。28．推理判断题。根据第二段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监CreeMcCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。29．推理判断题。根据第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。30．词义猜测题。根据第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。\n31．推理判断题。根据第二段ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt–freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleastinNewYork.”得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。Passage2（2020·全国卷·D）Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.33532．Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasachild?A．Cooperative.B．Uneasy.C．Inseparable.D．Casual.\n33．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A．Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B．Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C．Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D．Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.34．Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?A．Sponsorbookfairs.B．Writeforsocialmedia.C．Supportlibraries.D．Purchasehernovels.35．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB．MyIdeaaboutwritingC．Library:AHavenfortheYoungD．MyLoveoftheLibrary【答案】32．C33．B34．C35．D【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。32．推理判断题。根据第一段的Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader，sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。33．词句猜测题。根据上文AsIgrewolderandbecameamother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。34．细节理解题。根据最后一段的Ithinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantway\nwhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.(我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可推断，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。35．主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。Passage3（2017·新课标全国卷Ⅲ·D）TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectriccarintoamobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB”inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.Researchshowsthatgivingupdrivingisoneofthekeyreasonsforafallinhealthandwell-beingamongolderpeople,leadingtothembecomingmoreisolated(隔绝)andinactive.LedbyProfessorPhilBlythe,theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin-vehicletechnologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife.Theseincludecustom-madenavigation(导航)tools,nightvisionsystemsandintelligentspeedadaptations.PhilBlytheexplains:“Formanyolderpeople,particularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountry,drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence,givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers.”“Butweallhavetoacceptthataswegetolderourreactionsslowdownandthisoftenresultsinpeopleavoidinganypotentiallychallengingdrivingconditionsandlosingconfidenceintheirdrivingskills.Theresultisthatpeoplestopdrivingbeforetheyreallyneedto.”DrAmyGuo,theleadingresearcherontheolderdriverstudy,explains,“TheDriveLABishelpingustounderstandwhatthekeystresspointsanddifficultiesareforolderdriversandhowwemightusetechnologytoaddresstheseproblems.“Forexample,mostofuswouldexpectolderdriversalwaysgoslowerthaneveryoneelsebutsurprisingly,wefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggledtokeepataconstantspeedandsowere\nmorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskofgettingfined.We’relookingatthebenefitsofsystemswhichcontroltheirspeedasawayofpreventingthat.“Wehopethatourworkwillhelpwithtechnologicalsolutions(解决方案)toensurethatolderdriversstaysaferbehindthewheel.”9.WhatisthepurposeoftheDrivelAB?A.Toexplorenewmeansoftransport.B.Todesignnewtypesofcars.C.Tofindoutolderdriver`sproblems.D.Toteachpeopletrafficrules.10.WhyisdrivingimportantforolderpeopleaccordingtoPhilBlythe?A.Itkeepsthemindependent.B.Ithelpsthemsavetime.C.Itbuildsuptheirstrength.D.Itcurestheirmentalillnesses.11.Whatdoresearchershopetodoforolderdrivers?A.Improvetheirdrivingskills.B.Developdriver-assisttechnologies.C.Providetipsonrepairingtheircars.D.Organizeregularphysicalcheckups.12.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ANewModelElectricCarB.ASolutiontoTrafficProblemC.DrivingServiceforEldersD.KeepingOlderDriversontheRoad9.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章首段内容可知，研制DriveLAB的目的是为了更好地了解老年司机所面临的挑战，从而发现关键的压力承受点。学@科网11.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后三段内容可知，研究人员希望能够通过研制一些司机辅助技术来\n帮助老年司机延长驾龄、享受更多独立的生活。12.D【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科研人员通过把电动车改装成一款“DriveLAB”来研究如何帮助解决老年司机在开车时候遇到的问题，以便延长他们独立生活的时间，提高他们的生活质量。【典题模测】Passage1Manystudentsstudywithlittlethoughtaboutwhatcomesafteraperiodofstudy.Butwhatyoudoafterstudycouldhaveaneffectonhowwellyoulearnandremembernewinformation.TodayonEducationTips,wewillexploretwono-costwaysthatcanhelpyouimproveyourlearning:wakefulrestandsleep.Whenmanystudentsfinishstudy,theyoftengostraighttootheractivitiessuchaslookingattheirphonesorcomputers,playingvideogamesorwatchingTV.Butresearchessuggestthatrestingafteryoustudymayhelpyourememberwhatyouhavestudied.Byreducingyouractivityafterastudyperiod,yourbraingetsachancetorest.Restingisdifficultwhenyouhavetoomuchstimulationfromelectronicdevices,games,lightsandsoon.Whilethismightsoundunusualtoyou,manystudieshaveexploredthebenefitsofwhatiscalled“wakefulrest”.A2019studyfoundthatbothyoungandolderadultswereabletobetterrememberorrecollectinformationfrompassagesafterdoingwakefulrest.ThefindingsappearedinNeuroscienceLetters.Thisstudyinvolved45youngerpeopleand40elderlyadults.“Wakefulrestledtohigheroverallrecollectioninbothagegroups,”theresearchersnoted.Ifyouwanttogiveitatry,hereareafewsimplethingstodo.Restquietlyforfivetotenminutes.Donotlookatyourphone,readstoriesorplaygames.Inadditiontowakefulrest,sleepisalsoimportantforlearning.TheDivisionofSleepMedicineatHarvardMedicalSchoolnotesthatsleephelpspeopletolearnintwoways.Areportontheschool'swebsiteexplainsthat“apersonwhodoesn'thaveenoughsleepcannotfocusattentionandthereforecannotlearnwell.”Italsosays,“Sleepitselfhasaroleinimprovingmemory,whichisimportantforlearningnewinformation.”1．Whatshouldstudentsdoafterstudyaccordingtothepassage?A．Playvideogames.B．WatchTV.C．Lookattheirphones.D．Restforawhile.\n2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A．Aphone.B．Agame.C．Wakefulrest.D．Someinformation.3．Whatwillhappentothepeoplewithoutenoughsleep?A．Theycannotconcentrateattention.B．Theyarelikelytoloseinterestingames.C．Theybecomemoreinterestedinnewinformation.D．Theycanremembernewinformationmorequickly.4．Whowillmostprobablybeinterestedinthetext?A．Actors.B．Drivers.C．Students.D．Engineers.5．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．FindingsonSleepB．ThingstoDoafterStudyC．SuggestionsonEducationD．ActivitiestoStayEnergetic【答案】1．D2．C3．A4．C5．B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名为“清醒式休息”的休息方式，指在学习后停止活动，让大脑有机会休息，从而能更好地记住所学知识。文章还介绍如何进行清醒式休息，指出除了清醒式休息，睡眠对学习也很重要，介绍了睡眠对人们的影响。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Butresearchessuggestthatrestingafteryoustudymayhelpyourememberwhatyouhavestudied.(但是研究表明，学习后休息可以帮助你记住所学的知识)”可知，文章中指出，学生学习后应该休息一会儿。故选D。2．词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Wakefulrestledtohigheroverallrecollectioninbothagegroups(在两个年龄组中，清醒式休息能提高整体记忆力)”可知，画线词所在句意思是：如果你想尝试一下清醒式休息，这里有一些简单的事情可以做。即it指的是“清醒式休息”。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Areportontheschool'swebsiteexplainsthat‘apersonwhodoesn'thaveenoughsleepcannotfocusattentionandthereforecannotlearnwell.’(该校网站上的一份报告解释说：‘睡眠不足的人无法集中注意力，因此学习不好。’)\n”可知，那些睡眠不足的人不能集中注意力。故选A。4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Manystudentsstudywithlittlethoughtaboutwhatcomesafteraperiodofstudy.Butwhatyoudoafterstudycouldhaveaneffectonhowwellyoulearnandremembernewinformation.(很多学生学习时很少考虑学习一段时间后会发生什么。但是你在学习后所做的事情会对你学习和记忆新信息的能力产生影响)”结合文章主要介绍的是一种有助于学习的休息方式，可推知，学生最有可能对这篇文章感兴趣。故选C。5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Manystudentsstudywithlittlethoughtaboutwhatcomesafteraperiodofstudy.Butwhatyoudoafterstudycouldhaveaneffectonhowwellyoulearnandremembernewinformation.TodayonEducationTips,wewillexploretwono-costwaysthatcanhelpyouimproveyourlearning:wakefulrestandsleep.(很多学生学习时很少考虑学习一段时间后会发生什么。但是你在学习后所做的事情会对你学习和记忆新信息的能力产生影响。在今天的教育小贴士中，我们将探索两种免费的方法来帮助你提高你的学习:清醒的休息和睡眠)”结合文章主要介绍了一种名为“清醒式休息”的休息方式，指在学习后停止活动，让大脑有机会休息，从而能更好地记住所学知识。文章还介绍如何进行清醒式休息，指出除了清醒式休息，睡眠对学习也很重要，介绍了睡眠对人们的影响。可知，B选项“学习后要做的事情”最符合文章标题。故选B。Passage2U.S.cherries,watermelonsandsomeothersummertimefavoritesmaydependonwildbeesmorethanpreviouslythought.ManyfarmsintheUnitedStatesusemanagedhoneybeestopollinate(授粉)cropsandincreasethetotalamountofcrops,sometimestruckingbeehives(蜂箱)fromfarmtofarm.NowananalysisofsevencropsacrossNorthAmericashowsthatwildbeescanplayaroleincroppollinationtoo,evenonconventionalfarmswithmanagedhoneybees.Wildvolunteersaddatleast$1.5billionintotaltotheharvestforsixofthecrops,anewstudyestimates.“Tome,thebigsurprisewasthatwefoundsomanywildbeeseveninintenseproductionareaswheremuchoftheproduceintheUSAisgrown,saysRachaelWinfree,apollinationecologistatRutgersUniversityinNewBrunswick,N.J.Thatmeansthreatstowildbeescoulddepleteprofitsevenwhenfarmsraisehoneybees,theresearchersreportedonJuly29inProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety.Bothhoneybees,whicharen’t\nnativetotheUnitedStates,andwildpollinatorssuchasbumblebeesfacedangersincludingpesticides(杀虫剂).Toseewhat,ifanything,wildnativebeespeciescontribute,researcherscheckedbeevisitstoflowersat131commercialfarmfieldsacrosstheUnitedStatesandpartofCanada.Ontheotherhand,theresearchersalsocalculatedtowhatextentthenumberofbeevisitslimitedproduction.Theseintensivefarmswithplentyoffertilizer,waterandotherresourcesoftenshowedsignsofreachingapollinatorlimit,meaningfieldsdidn’thaveenoughhoneybeestogetthemaximumproduction,andvolunteerwildbeeswereaddingtothetotal.Thentheteamestimatedwhatpercentageoftheproductionnativebeeswereadding—versusjustdoingwhathoneybeeswouldhavedoneanyway.“Wildbeesdon’tseemtohelpCalifornia’sorchards(果园)，butbasedonorchardsinMichiganandPennsylvania,some$1.06billionofapplesdependsonnativepollinators,”theresearcherssay.Watermelons,particularlyinFlorida,getanestimated$146millionbenefit,andsweetcherries$145million.6．Whyarethewildbeesimportanttothecropsaccordingtothetext?A．Ithelpstopollinateandimprovethecropsoutput.B．Itishelpfultoraisemanagedhoneybees.C．Itishelpfultomaintainhealthyecosystem.D．Ithelpstoprotectnativebeespecies.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deplete”inparagraph4mean?A．Pursue.B．Make.C．Keep.D．Reduce.8．Whydidresearcherscheckbeevisitstoflowers?A．Toworkoutthenumberofwildnativebees.B．Tomakeitclearwhyfieldsdon’thaveenoughbees.C．Toshowhowimportantthemanagedbeesaretointensivefarms.D．Tofigureoutwhatwildnativebeesbenefitfarmoutput.9．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Todrawpeople’sattentiontofarmoutput.B．Todiscusswhybeescanincreasetheharvest.C．Toshowwildbeesmaycontributetothecropharvest.\nD．Tointroducehowhoneybeesandwildbeespollinatecrops.【答案】6．A7．D8．D9．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员通过研究野蜂对农作物授粉和提高作物产量方面的信息，试图找出野蜂是否对农作物收成有贡献。6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“NowananalysisofsevencropsacrossNorthAmericashowsthatwildbeescanplayaroleincroppollinationtoo,evenonconventionalfarmswithmanagedhoneybees.Wildvolunteersaddatleast$1.5billionintotaltotheharvestforsixofthecrops,anewstudyestimates.（现在，一项对北美七种作物的分析显示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中发挥作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的传统农场。一项新的研究估计，它们为六种作物的收成至少增加了15亿美元。）”可知，野蜂对农作物很重要，因为它有助于授粉和提高作物产量。故选A项。7．词句猜测题。第二段说一项对北美七种作物的分析显示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中发挥作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的传统农场。一项新的研究估计，它们为六种作物的收成至少增加了15亿美元，再根据画线词后的“Bothhoneybees,whicharen’tnativetotheUnitedStates,andwildpollinatorssuchasbumblebeesfacedangersincludingpesticides(杀虫剂).”可知，非美国本土的蜜蜂和大黄蜂等野生授粉者都面临着包括杀虫剂在内的危险，由讲述非美国本土的蜜蜂和野生传粉者面临杀虫剂在内的危险，这种威胁自然会减少利润，由此可知画线词词义为为“减少，消耗”。故选D项。8．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Toseewhat,ifanything,wildnativebeespeciescontribute,researcherscheckedbeevisitstoflowersat131commercialfarmfieldsacrosstheUnitedStatesandpartofCanada.（为了了解野生本土蜜蜂是否有贡献，研究人员在美国和加拿大部分地区的131个商业农场中检查了蜜蜂到访花卉的情况。）”可知，研究人员要检查蜜蜂到访花丛的情况，是想找出野生本地蜜蜂对农场产出有什么好处。故选D项。9．推理判断题。根据第二段中“NowananalysisofsevencropsacrossNorthAmericashowsthatwildbeescanplayaroleincroppollinationtoo,evenonconventionalfarmswithmanagedhoneybees.Wildvolunteersaddatleast$1.5billionintotaltotheharvestforsixofthecrops,anew\nstudyestimates.（现在，一项对北美7种作物的分析显示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中发挥作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的传统农场。一项新的研究估计，它们为六种作物的收获至少增加了15亿美元。）可知，文章介绍了研究人员通过研究野蜂对农作物授粉和提高作物产量方面的信息，试图找出野蜂是否对农作物收成有贡献，因此文章的目的是展示野蜂可能对农作物收成有贡献。故选C项。Passage3Whatisthefirstthingyounoticewhenyouwalkintoashop?Theproductsdisplayedattheentrance?Orthesoftbackgroundmusic?Buthaveyouevernoticethesmell?Unlessitisbad,theanswerislikelytobeno.Butwhileashop’sscentmaynotbeoutstandingcomparedwithsightsandsounds,itiscertainlythere.Anditisprovidingtobeanincreasingpowerfultoolinencouragingpeopletopurchase.Abrandstorehasbecomefamousforitsdistinctivescentwhichfloatsthroughthefairlydarkhallandouttotheentrance,viascentmachines.Asmellmaybeattractivebutitmaynotjustbeusedforfresheningair.Onesportsgoodscompanyoncereportedthatwhenitfirstintroducedscentintoitsstores,customers’intensiontopurchaseincreasedby80percent.WhenitcomestothebestshoppingstreetsinPairs,scentisjustasimportanttoabrand’ssuccessasthequalityofitswindowdisplaysandgoodsonsale.Thatismainlybecauseshoppingisaverydifferentexperiencetowhatitusedtobe.Nowtheriseofelectroniccommerce(e-commerce)hasopenedupfamousbrandstoawideraudience.Butwhilee-shopscanusesightsandsounds,onlybricks-and-mortarshops(实体店)canofferafullexperiencefromtheminutecustomersstepthroughthedoortothemomenttheyleave.Anotherbrandstoreseekstobemuchmorethanashop,butratheradestination.Andscentisjustonewaytoachievethis.Now,afamousstoreusescomplexman-madesmelltomakesurethatthesoftscentofbabypowderfloatsthroughthekiddepartment,andcoconutscentintheswimsuitsection.Adepartmentstorehasevenopenedanewlab,invitingcustomersonajourneyintothestore’swindowstosmellbooks,potsanddrawers,insearchoftheirperfectscent.12.Accordingtothepassage,whatisanincreasinglypowerfultoolinthesuccessofsomebrandstore?A.Friendlyassistant.B.Uniquescents.\nC.SoftbackgroundmusicD.Attractivewindowdisplay.13.E-shopsarementionedinthepassageto_______.A.showtheadvantagesofbrick-and-mortarstoresB.urgeshopassistantstochangetheirattitudeC.pushstorestousesightsandsoundsD.introducetheriseofe-commerce14.Whichstatementwouldthewriteragreewith?A.Putdifferentshopontheproductsondisplay.B.Askeveryshopassistanttowearlightperfume.C.PlacefragrantflowersintheshopD.Exposesomecoffeebeantoairinsideacoffeeshop.15.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.A.compareandevaluateB.examineandassessC.informandexplainD.argueanddiscuss【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了采用香味提高销售量的理念。文章讲述了香味对于传统实体店的影响。各大品牌店都加强了味觉对顾客消费欲求的刺激，并根据商品不同调节香味。13.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段的句子＂Butwhilee-shopscanusesightsandsounds,onlybricks-and-mortarshops(实体店)canofferafullexperiencefromtheminutecustomersstepthroughthedoortothemomenttheyleave.＂可知，作者认为实体店能提供完全的购物体验，即强调传统实体店的优势。故选A。14.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的句子＂Abrandstorehasbecomefamousforitsdistinctivescentwhichfloatsthroughthefairlydarkhallandouttotheentrance,viascentmachines.Asmellmaybeattractivebutitmaynotjustbeusedforfreshening\nair.＂可知，作者认为气味在商店的成功方面起着重要的作用，所以他认为咖啡店应该将咖啡豆暴露于空气中。故选D。15.C【解析】主旨大意题。这篇文章主要是告诉读者香味对购物心理的影响，所以重在介绍和解释香味对于实体店的影响。故选C。
