2021高考英语短文故事精读与语法填空训练（十二）一：语法填空训练 TheScandinaviancountriesaremuchadmiredallovertheworldfortheirenlightened(society)policies.Swedenhasevolvedexcellentsystemforprotectingtheindividualcitizenfromhigh-handedorincompetentpublicofficers.Thesystemhasworkedsowell,thatithasbeen(adopt)inothercountriestoo.TheSwedeswerethefirsttorecognizethatpublicofficialslikecivilservants,policeofficers,healthinspectorsortax-collectorscanmakemistakesoractover-zealouslyinthe(believe)thattheyareservingthepublic.Aslongagoas1809,theSwedishParliamentintroducedaschemetosafeguardtheinterestoftheindividual.AparliamentarycommitteerepresentingallpoliticalpartiesappointsapersonissuitablyqualifiedtoinvestigateprivategrievancesagainsttheState.Theofficialtitleofthepersonis‘Justiteombudsman’,buttheSwedescommonlyrefertohimasthe‘J.O.’or‘Ombudsman’.TheOmbudsmanisnotsubjecttopolitical(press).Heinvestigatescomplaintslargeandsmallthatcometohimfromalllevelsofsociety.Ascomplaintsmustbemadeinwriting,theOmbudsmanreceivesanaverageof1,200lettersayear.Hehaseightlawyerassistantstohelphimandheexamineseverysingleletterdetail.ThereisnothingsecretiveabouttheOmbudsman'swork,forhiscorrespondenceisopentopublicinspection.Ifacitizen'scomplaintis(justify),theOmbudsmanwillactonhisbehalf.Theactionhetakes(vary)accordingtothenatureofthecomplaint.Hemaygentlyreprimandanofficialorevensuggesttoparliamentthatalawbealtered.Thefollowingcaseisa(type)exampleoftheOmbudsman'swork.AforeignerlivinginaSwedishvillagewrotetotheOmbudsmancomplainingthathehadbeenill-treatedbythepolice,simplybecausehewasaforeigner.TheOmbudsman(immediate)wrotetotheChiefofPoliceinthedistrictaskinghimtosendarecordofthecase.Therewasnothingintherecordtoshowthattheforeigner'scomplaintwasjustifiedandtheChiefofPolicestronglydeniedthe\naccusation.Itwas(possible)fortheOmbudsmantotakeaction,butwhenhereceivedasimilar(complain)fromanotherforeignerinthesamevillage,heimmediatelysentoneofhislawyerstoinvestigatethematter.Thelawyerascertainedthatapolicemanhadindeeddealt(rough)withforeignersonseveraloccasions.Thefactthepolicemanwasprejudicedagainstforeignerscouldnotberecordedintheofficialfiles.ItwasonlypossiblefortheOmbudsmantofindthisoutby(send)oneofhisrepresentativestocheckthefacts.Thepolicemaninquestionwasseverelyreprimandedandwasinformedthatifanyfurthercomplaintswerelodgedagainsthim,hewouldbeprosecuted.TheOmbudsman'spromptactionatonceputanendanunpleasantpracticewhichmighthavegoneunnoticed.二：词句短语长难句释义 TheScandinaviancountriesaremuchadmiredallovertheworldfortheirenlightenedsocialpolicies.Swedenhasevolvedanexcellentsystemforprotectingtheindividualcitizenfromhigh-handedorincompetentpublicofficers.Thesystemhasworkedsowell,thatithasbeenadoptedinothercountriestoo.TheSwedeswerethefirsttorecognizethatpublicofficialslikecivilservants,policeofficers,healthinspectorsortax-collectorscanmakemistakesoractover-zealouslyinthebeliefthattheyareservingthepublic.Aslongagoas1809,theSwedishParliamentintroducedaschemetosafeguardtheinterestoftheindividual.AparliamentarycommitteerepresentingallpoliticalpartiesappointsapersonwhoissuitablyqualifiedtoinvestigateprivategrievancesagainsttheState.Theofficialtitleofthepersonis‘Justiteombudsman’,buttheSwedescommonlyrefertohimasthe‘J.O.’or‘Ombudsman’.TheOmbudsmanisnotsubjecttopoliticalpressure.Heinvestigatescomplaintslargeandsmallthatcometohim\nfromalllevelsofsociety.Ascomplaintsmustbemadeinwriting,theOmbudsmanreceivesanaverageof1,200lettersayear.Hehaseightlawyerassistantstohelphimandheexamineseverysingleletterindetail.ThereisnothingsecretiveabouttheOmbudsman'swork,forhiscorrespondenceisopentopublicinspection.Ifacitizen'scomplaintisjustified,theOmbudsmanwillactonhisbehalf.Theactionhetakesvariesaccordingtothenatureofthecomplaint.Hemaygentlyreprimandanofficialorevensuggesttoparliamentthatalawbealtered.ThefollowingcaseisatypicalexampleoftheOmbudsman'swork.AforeignerlivinginaSwedishvillagewrotetotheOmbudsmancomplainingthathehadbeenill-treatedbythepolice,simplybecausehewasaforeigner.TheOmbudsmanimmediatelywrotetotheChiefofPoliceinthedistrictaskinghimtosendarecordofthecase.Therewasnothingintherecordtoshowthattheforeigner'scomplaintwasjustifiedandtheChiefofPolicestronglydeniedtheaccusation.ItwasimpossiblefortheOmbudsmantotakeaction,butwhenhereceivedasimilarcomplaintfromanotherforeignerinthesamevillage,heimmediatelysentoneofhislawyerstoinvestigatethematter.Thelawyerascertainedthatapolicemanhadindeeddealtroughlywithforeignersonseveraloccasions.Thefactthatthepolicemanwasprejudicedagainstforeignerscouldnotberecordedintheofficialfiles.ItwasonlypossiblefortheOmbudsmantofindthisoutbysendingoneofhisrepresentativestocheckthefacts.Thepolicemaninquestionwasseverelyreprimandedandwasinformedthatifanyfurthercomplaintswerelodgedagainsthim,hewouldbeprosecuted.TheOmbudsman'spromptactionatonceputanendto\nanunpleasantpracticewhichmighthavegoneunnoticed.1：将标记的词汇短语释义1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.\n1.2.3.4.2：长难句分析释义① ② ③ ④ 三：文意梳理斯堪的纳维亚半岛各国实行的开明的社会政策，受到全世界的推崇。在瑞典，已逐渐形成了一种完善的制度以保护每个公民不受专横的和不称职的政府官员的欺压。由于这种制度行之有效，已被其他国家采纳。是瑞典人首先认识到政府工作人员如文职人员、警官、卫生稽查员、税务人员等等也会犯错误或者自以为在为公众服务而把事情做过了头。早在1809年，瑞典议会就建立了一个保护公民利益的制度。议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，由它委派一位称职的人选专门调查个人对国家的意见。此人官衔为“司法特派员”，但瑞典人一般都管他叫“J．O．”，即“司法特派员”。司法特派员不受任何政治压力的制约。他听取社会各阶层的各种大小意见，并进行调查。由于意见均需用书面形式提出，司法特派员每年平均收到1，200封信。他有8位律帅做他的助手协助工作，每封信都详细批阅。司法特派员的工作没有什么秘密可言，他的信件是公开的，供公众监督。如果公民的意见正确，司法特派员便为他伸张正义。司法特派员采取的行动因意见的性质不同而有所不同。他可以善意地批评某位官员，也可以甚至向议会提议修改某项法律。下述事件是司法特派员工作的一个典型例子。一个住在瑞典乡村的外国人写信给司法特派员，抱怨说他受到警察虐待，原因就是因为他是个外国人。司法特派员立即写信给当地的警察局长，请他寄送与此事有关的材料。材料中没有任何文字记载证明外国人所说的情况符合事实，警察局长矢口否认这一指控。司法特派员难以处理。但是，当他又收到住在同一村庄的另一个外国人写的一封内容类似的投诉信时，他立即派出一位律师前去调查。律师证实有个警察确实多次粗鲁地对待外国人。警察歧视外国人的事在官方档案中不可能加以记载，司法特派员只有派他的代表去核对事实才能了解真相。当事的警察受到严厉斥责，并被告知，如果再有人投诉他，他将受到起诉。司法特派员及时采取的行动，迅速制止了这一起不愉快的事件，不然这件事可能因未得到人们注意而不了了之。\n四：语法填空练习Thenovelcoronavirusdiseases(COVID-19)hitWuhan,China,inearly2020,withthenumberofinfectedpeople 1 (rise)rapidlyacrossthecountry.Theviraldiseasethatsweptintomostcountriesaround 2 globeandkilledthousandsofpeoplewasofficiallycharacterizedasapandemicbytheWorldHealthOrganization,on11March,2020. COVID-19, 3 wasreported,isgeneticallysimilar 4 theknownbatcoronaviruses.Wildanimalssoldforfoodwere 5 (original)suspectedtobetheintermediaryhostsofCOVID-19becauseinChinamanyofthefirstindividuals 6 (find)infectedbytheviruswereworkersatHuananSeafoodMarket.Theoutbreakpromotedabanonthetradeand 7 (consume)ofwildanimalsinChina. TheChinesegovernmentandpeopledemonstratedtheirresponsibilitywith 8 (practice)actions.Astrictnationalpreventionandcontrolprogramwasswiftlyputinplace.Twospecializedhospitalswerebuiltinlessthan15days. 9 (guarantee)thatnofamilyinneedwasleftunattendedto,communityworkersleftnostoneunturnedincheckingoneveryblock.Inthosetoughestdays,donationsincashandkind 10 (make)tohelpbattlethedisease.Thankstothejointefforts,everythingisgettingbetterandbetter. 1.rising 考查非谓语动词。句意:2020年初,新型冠状病毒袭击中国武汉,全国感染人数迅速上升。此处是with的独立主格结构作状语,即with+宾语+宾语补足语。其中,thenumberofinfectedpeople和rise之间是主动关系,故使用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。\n2.the 考查冠词。句意:2020年3月11日,世界卫生组织正式将席卷全球大多数国家并导致数千人死亡的病毒性疾病定义为流行性疾病。此处用定冠词the表示特指。3.as 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:据报道,COVID-19在基因上与已知的蝙蝠冠状病毒相似。aswasreported“正如所报道的”。此处as是关系代词,意思是“正如”,引导非限制性定语从句。4.to 考查介词。besimilarto“与……相似”,to是介词。5.originally 考查副词。句意:最初,人们怀疑作为食物出售的野生动物是新型冠状病毒的中间宿主,因为许多第一批被发现感染该病毒的人是华南海鲜市场的工作人员。此处suspected是动词,故用副词originally修饰。6.found 考查非谓语动词。此处individuals和find之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。7.consumption 考查名词。句意:这次爆发促使中国禁止野生动物贸易和消费。分析句子结构可知,这里用consume的名词形式与名词trade并列。consume的名词形式是consumption。8.practical 考查形容词。句意:中国政府和人民以实际行动证明了他们的责任。actions是名词,用形容词修饰,practice是名词,其形容词形式是practical。9.Toguarantee 考查非谓语动词。句意:为了保证每一个需要帮助的家庭都有人照料,社区工作人员想尽一切办法对每一个街区进行检查。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填Toguarantee。注意to的第一个字母要大写。10.weremade 考查时态和语态。句意:在那些最艰难的日子里,人们捐赠现金和实物来帮助抗击疫情。根据Inthosetoughestdays可知这里在指过去的事情,句子主语donations是复数形式,和make之间是被动关系,所以此处用一般过去时态的被动语态。故填weremade。
