第三节 形容词和副词考点一形容词的基本用法1．形容词作定语(1)一般情况下，形容词作定语放在被修饰词前。但在下列情况下，形容词要放在被修饰词的后面。①形容词作定语修饰some，any，every，no和body，thing，one等构成的复合不定代词时，需后置。Ihavenothingparticulartodotonight.今晚我没什么特别要做的事。Hehadsomethinginterestingtotellyou，butheforgot.他本来有有趣的事要告诉你，可是他忘了。②以able或ible结尾的形容词可放在前有形容词最高级或only等词修饰的名词后面。Isawthebestperformancepossiblelastnight.昨晚我看了一场再好没有的表演。(2)有些形容词作前置定语和后置定语意义不同，试比较：①thepresentpeople现在的人们；thepeoplepresent在场的人们②theabsentstudents心不在焉的学生；thestudentsabsent缺席的学生③theconcernedteachers忧心忡忡的老师们；theteachersconcerned与……有关的老师们[名师点津] 多个形容词作定语的排列顺序请记住以下口诀：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。alittlewhitewoodenhouse一座白色的小木房somebeautifullittleredflowers一些美丽的小红花anoldbrownwoolencarpet一件旧的棕色羊毛地毯2．表语形容词表语形容词常作表语或后置定语。常见的表语形容词有：afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，alike，ashamed，well，sorry，unable，worth，sure等。\nThebabyasleepmightbeawakeverysoon.正在睡着的婴儿可能很快就会醒来。3．形容词作状语形容词作状语时表示伴随或结果，并不表示动作的方式。Hewentbackhomeaftertheheavywork，coldandhungry.劳累了一天后他回到了家，又冷又饿。考点二副词的基本用法1．修饰形容词或其他副词，也可以修饰动词。一般位于被修饰词之前。但enough需放在所修饰词之后。Iwasfoolishenoughtoaccepthisoffer.我接受他的提议真是够傻的。2．so/as/that/too/how/that修饰形容词加名词时的顺序：so/as/too/how/that＋adj.＋a/an＋n.。Itistoodifficultajobformetofinishinsoshortatime(suchashorttime)．在如此短的时间内完成工作对我太难了。3．表示时间频度的副词always，often，usually，never，seldom，rarely等多放在实意动词前，系动词、情态动词或助动词之后。Iusuallydipintoabookbeforedecidingwhethertobuyit.我通常先浏览一本书然后才决定是否买它。4．有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。Unfortunately，whenhewentthroughcustomsinJapan，theywouldnotlethimin.不幸的是，当他在日本过海关的时候，工作人员不会放行。Apparently，thisisnotsomethingthathappenedtoTom.很显然，这些并没有发生在汤姆身上。5．cannot/never与enough或toomuch连用表示“无论怎样都不过分”。Youcannotbetoocarefulwhencrossingthestreet.穿越马路时，再怎么小心也不为过。[名师点津] 有些副词有两种形式，但含义不同：close接近的 closely仔细地，密切地free免费的 freely自由地hard努力的 hardly几乎不late晚，迟到 lately近来most极，非常 mostly主要地wide广阔的 widely广泛地\nhigh高 highly高度地，非常地deep深 deeply(抽象意义)深深地考点三形容词和副词的比较等级1．形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。[名师点津] 以下形容词及其副词无比较级和最高级：relative,absolute,perfect,entire,senior,golden,afraid,unique,present,simply,right,wrong,sure,round,empty,wonderful等。2．比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则形式①单音节以及少数以ow(如narrow)结尾的双音节形容词或副词，在原级后加er,est构成。如：clever－cleverer－cleverest。其他特殊变化见下表：特殊情况构成方式例词以e结尾加r和stbrave－braver－bravest以“辅音字母＋y”结尾变y为i，再加er和esthappy－happier－happiest以重读闭音节结尾双写词尾，再加er和esthot－hotter－hottest②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more,most构成。active－moreactive－mostactivehappily－morehappily－mosthappily(2)不规则形式good/well－better－bestfar－farther/further－farthest/furthestbad/ill/badly－worse－worstold－older/elder－oldest/eldestmany/much－more－mostlittle－less－least3．比较等级的常见句型：①两者比较，用“比较级＋than”表示。YoulookmuchyoungerthanIdo.你看上去比我年轻多了。②“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”。Withsummercoming，thedayisbecominglongerandlonger.随着夏天的到来，白天变得越来越长。\n③“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”意为“越……就越……”。Themorecarefulyouare，thefewermistakesyou'llmake.你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。④“the＋比较级＋ofthetwo＋n.”表示“两者之间较……的那个”。Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.那两个男孩中较高的那个是我弟弟。⑤“a(n)＋比较级＋n.”表示“一个更……的”。Thestoryisnotveryinteresting.Iwilltellyouamoreinterestingone.这个故事不太有趣，我会给你讲一个更有趣的故事。⑥“as＋原级adj./adv.＋as...”表示“和……一样”。Johnplaysfootballaswellas，ifnotbetterthan，David.约翰如果踢足球不比大卫好，至少和他踢得一样好。[名师点津] “notas/so＋原级adj./adv.＋as...”表示“不如……”。Theworkisnotas/sodifficultasyouimagine.这工作没有你想象的那么难。4．表示倍数的三种句型：①倍数＋as＋原级形容词(副词)＋as...②倍数＋thesize/length/width/depth/heightof...③倍数＋比较级＋than...Thebuildingisthreetimesashighasthatone.＝Thebuildingisthreetimestheheightofthatone.＝Thebuildingistwicehigherthanthatone.这座大楼是那座的三倍高。[名师点津] 否定词＋比较级＝最高级Ihaveneverseenabetterfilm.我从未看过比这更精彩的影片(这是我看过的最精彩的影片)。5．most前有定冠词时为最高级，但most前无定冠词时没有比较的含义，只是用来加强语气，有“很，非常”之意。Thislessonismostdifficult，butitisn'tthemostdifficult.这一课很难，但并不是最难的。6．比较等级前常用的修饰语：alittle，abit，slightly，much，alot，agreatdeal，any，far，byfar，even，still等。Aftertwoyears'research，wenowhaveafarbetterunderstandingofthedisease.经过两年的研究，我们现在对这种疾病有了更进一步的了解。\n[本节小结]高考侧重于对形容词和副词语义的考查。对比较等级的考查不是直接考查其结构，而是在具体语境中让考生体会出其比较的含义。因此考生在日常备考中要掌握英语中形容词和副词的语法特点以及它们之间的语义差异；具备在特定的语境中选择恰当的形容词和副词的能力；重点掌握常用且相似的形容词和副词的含义及用法差异，对比较级的一些常用句型要做到耳熟能详。针对训练Ⅰ.选词填空stubborn；therefore；seldom；otherwise；blindly；optimistic；deliberately；frequently；efficient1．(2014·安徽高考)Mygoodperformanceinthejobinterviewleftme________aboutmyfutureandaboutwhatIcandohere.【答案】 optimistic2．(2014·福建高考)Withonlineshoppingincreasinglypopular，theInternetisseenasa(n)________wayofreachingtargetcustomers.【答案】 efficient3．(2014·浙江高考)Joeisproudand________，neveradmittingheiswrongandalwayslookingforsomeoneelsetoblame.【答案】 stubborn4．(2014·安徽高考)It'sourhopethatwewillplayagreaterroleinthemarketplaceand，________supplymorejobs.【答案】 therefore5．(2014·大纲全国卷)Henrywasawayfromhomeforquiteabitand________sawhisfamily.【答案】 seldom6．(2014·江苏高考)Ican'tmeetyouonSunday.I'llbe________occupied.【答案】 otherwise7．(2014·江西高考)Thanksforyourdirectionstothehouse；wewouldn'thavefoundit________.【答案】 otherwise8．(2014·浙江高考)Theaimofeducationistoteachyoungpeopletothinkforthemselvesandnotfollowothers________.【答案】 blindly9．(2014·浙江八校联考)Don'tdefendhimanymore.It'sobviousthathe________\ndestroyedthefenceofthegardenevenwithoutanapology.【答案】 deliberately10．(2014·浙江嘉兴模拟)Asisknowntoalllanguagelearners，newlylearnedwordswillsoonbeforgottenunless________usedineverydaycommunication.【答案】 frequentlyⅡ.语篇填空用适当的词或者括号中所给词的适当形式填空WhenaplanefromLondonarrivedatSydneyairport，workersbegantounloadanumberof1.________(wood)boxeswhichcontainedclothing.Noonecouldaccountforthefactthatoneoftheboxeswas2.________(extreme)heavy.It3.________(sudden)tooneoftheworkerstoopenupthebox.Hewas4.________(astonish)atwhathefound.Amanwaslyingintheboxontopofapileof5.________(wool)goods.Hewas6.________7.________(surprise)atbeingdiscoveredthathedidnoteventrytorunaway.Afterhewasarrested，themanadmittedhidingintheboxbeforetheplaneleftLondon.Hehadhadalongand8.________(comfort)trip，forhehadbeenconfined(关在)tothe9.________boxforovereighteenhours.Themanwasorderedtopay3,500forthecostofthetrip，whichwas10.________(expensive)thanthenormalprizewhichonlycost￡2,000.【答案】 1.wooden 2.extremely 3.suddenly 4.astonished 5.woolen 6.so 7.surprised 8.uncomfortable 9.wooden 10.moreexpensive综合演练语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的适当形式Therewas1.________aguywhosufferedfromacancer，onethatcan'tbecured.Hewas18years2.________andhecoulddieanytime.Allhislife，hewasstuckinhishousetakencareofbyhismother.Heneverwentoutsidebuthewas3.________ofstayinghomeandwantedtogooutforonce.Soheaskedhismotherandshegavehimpermission.Hewalkeddownhisblockandfoundalotofstores.HepassedaCDstoreandlookedthroughthefrontdoorforasecond.Hestoppedandsawa4.________girlabouthisage.Heopenedthedoorandwalkedin，notlookingatanythingelsebuther.Hewalked5.________(close)untilhewasfinallyatthefrontdeskwhereshesat.Shelooked6.________andsmiled，“CanIhelpyou？”Hesaid，“IwouldliketobuyaCD.”\nHepickedoneoutandgaveherthemoneyforit.“Wouldyoulikemetowrapitforyou？”sheasked，smiling7.________.Henoddedandshewenttotheback.Shecame8.________withthewrappedCDandgaveittohim.Afterthat，he9.________boughtaCDthere.Oneday，hewenttherebuyingaCDlikehedideveryday，and10.________againshewenttothebackofthestoreandcamebackwithitwrapped.Hetookitandwhenshewasn'tlooking，helefthisphonenumberonthedeskandranout...【答案】 1.once 2.old 3.tired 4.beautiful 5.closer 6.up 7.again 8.back 9.often 10.once
