第十二节 派生词考点一常见的前缀及派生词PrefixMeaningExamplea有in，on，at，by，with，to等含义alone单独；asleep在熟睡中的ab离去，反常abuse滥用；abnormal不正常的anti反(抗)，防antifreeze防冻；antiwar反战的bi双；重bicycle自行车；bimonthly双月刊co共同，相互cooperation合作；coexist共存；coeditor合编者com共同，相互compress压缩；composition作品，创作dis不，相反；除去，毁；分开dislike不喜欢；discover发现en放进，饰以，使，使成enrich使变富；enable使能够ex前任，以前的exwife前妻；expresident前总裁extra超过，在……以外extraordinary非常的，非凡的fore前，先，预forehead前额；foretell预言il不，无，非illogical不合逻辑的；illegal非法的im(用在b，m，p前)不，无；向内import进口；impossible不可能的in不，无，非；向内incomplete不完全的；inactive不积极的；income收入inter在……之间(之际)，互相international国际的；interchange交换；interview面试，采访ir(用在r之前不，无；向内)irreligious无宗教信仰的；irregular不规则的micro微microwave微波炉；microcomputer微型电脑mid中部midnight半夜；middle中间的；midterm期中mini小，微minibus小型公共汽车；miniskirt超短裙mis误，恶，不misfortune不幸；mistrust不信任multi多\nmulticultural多元文化的；multicoloured多色的non不，无，非nonsmoker不抽烟的人out胜过；过分；在外outdoor户外的；outstanding杰出的over过度，在外，颠倒等overwork劳累过度；overcoat外套post后postwar战后；postmodern后现代主义的pre前，先prearranged预先安排的；prehistoric史前的re再，重，又；相反；回reaction反应；return返回self自己selfdefence自卫；selftaught自修的step后，继stepfather继父；stepmother继母sub在……下面；亚于；次于subway地铁；subtitle副标题super上，超superpower超级大国；supermarket超市trans横过，超越，变换transnational跨国的；transform改变tele远(程)television电视；telescope望远镜tri三(个……)triangle三角形；tricycle三轮脚踏车un不，无，非，未unfriendly不友好的；untie解开，解决vice副vicechairman副主席；vicepresident副总统考点二常见的后缀及派生词1．名词后缀suffixMeaningExampleal表示过程或状态removal移动；arrival到达(i)an来自；专长于……的人musician音乐家；Egyptian埃及人ance表状态，行为appearance外表；acceptance接受；reliance依靠antent人，物servant仆人；inhabitant居民，栖居动物arer人，物beggar乞讨者；murderer杀人犯；recorder录音机(t)ionation表状态，动作过程，行为suggestion建议；graduation毕业；liberation解放；expression表达\ndom身份，领域freedom自由；wisdom智慧ee人，物employee被雇用者；refugee难民ence性质，状态，行为difference区别；confidence自信；dependence依靠ess表女性，雌性hostess女主人；actress女演员；tigress母老虎ful充满basketful满篮；mouthful满嘴；houseful一屋子hood性质，身份，状态，时期childhood儿童时代；neighbourhood附近ism宗教，风格，主义heroism英雄气概；communism共产主义；socialism社会主义者ist人，主义者novelist小说家，socialist社会主义ity性质，状态reality现实，ability能力；equality平等ment行为，物，组织，运动，结果disappointment失望；movement运动；agreement协议ness性质，状态kindness仁慈；tiredness疲劳or人，物visitor参观者；actor男演员ship性质，身份，资格hardship艰苦；leadership领导身份；friendship友谊sion行为，状态conclusion结论；tension紧张ure行为，状态exposure暴露；failure失败th结果，过程，性质，状态truth真理；youth青春；growth生长；warmth温暖\nage集合，地点，结果storage储藏；shortage短缺；marriage婚姻2.形容词后缀SuffixMeaningExampleableibleble可……的，能……的acceptable可接受的；reasonable合情合理的；comfortable舒适的(u)al属于……的，具有……属性equal平等的；national国家的；chemical化学的an……(地，人)的republican共和国的；European欧洲人的ary……的imaginary想象的；revolutionary革命的ative……的creative有创造性的；qualitative质量的ed(具)有……的(特征)determined坚定的；learned博学的；aged年老的ent……的frequent经常的；silent沉默的；diligent勤奋的ese(地，人)的Chinese中国(人)的；Japanese日本(人)的ern表示方向eastern东方的；southern南方的en……的golden金色的；wooden木制的；woolen羊毛的ic与……有关的realistic现实的；energetic精力充足的ing具有……(特征)的boring令人厌烦的；frightening令人害怕的ish近乎……的，如……的childish孩子气的；foolish愚蠢的；selfish自私的ive与……有关的，有……倾向的，有……特性的expensive昂贵的；effective有效的；decisive决定性的ful满的；有……性质的，引起……的\nfaithful信任的；powerful强大的；cheerful愉快的less无……的；不……的homeless无家可归的；sleepless失眠的；careless粗心的ous多……的，有……特性的various各种各样的；humorous幽默的；dangerous危险的ly……品质的，每……的friendly友好的；motherly母亲般的；weekly每周的ward向……的backward向后的；forward向前的y多……的；有……的；如……的cloudy多云的；funny有趣的；lucky运气好的3.副词后缀SuffixMeaningExamplely……地，状态，程度，方式extremely非常；slowly慢慢地；happily高兴地s时间，地点，状态outdoors在户外；indoors在室内ward(s)方向afterward(s)后来；outwards向外；downwards向下4.动词后缀SuffixMeaningExampleen使变成sharpen削尖；broaden加宽；strengthen加强；deepen加深fy使……化simplify简化；beautify美化；purify净化；horrify使恐怖ize使……化modernize使现代化；realize实现；mechanize使机械化注意：一般情况下，加前缀改变词义，加后缀改变词性。[本节小结]在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中，有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。此外，新考纲要求考生掌握3000多个英语单词。因此，掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题，还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量，为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。针对训练Ⅰ.完成句子用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1．Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime.________(fortunate)，Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam.\n【答案】 Unfortunately2．Therefore，whentheybecomeoldertheyare________(able)todoanyotherkindofwork.【答案】 unable3．Veryearlythenextmorning，amazingly，wegotcompletelysatisfiedinatotally________________(expect)way.【答案】 unexpected4．Iwon'tdothepurchasebecausethepriceofthisdressis________________(reason)．【答案】 unreasonable5．Job________________(apply)needtoshowtheirabilitytobebothorganizedandflexibleintakingonmanytasksatthesametime.【答案】 applicants6．Allfactsarethesourceof________________(conclude)．【答案】 conclusions7．However，most________(science)agreethatEQhasalottodowith________(educate)．【答案】 scientists；education8．Excellentoralandwritten________________(communicate)skillsinChineseandEnglishareof________________(important)．【答案】 communication；importance9．Freshfruitsandvegetablescanprovidemuchofourdaily________________(require)．【答案】 requirement10．Itisyour________________(free)todowhatyouwantafterclass.【答案】 freedom11．Asisknowntousall，theEntranceExamisagreat________________，andthestudentsare________________(compete)．【答案】 competition；competitors12．Iam________________(grate)toyouforyourhelp.【答案】 grateful13．Hegavemesome________________(construct)suggestions.【答案】 constructive14．Ajury'sdecisioninacourtcasemustbeabsolutely________________\n(object)．【答案】 objective15．Hedevotedmuchmoneytobuildingschoolsin________________(mountain)areas.【答案】 mountainousⅡ.语篇填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，使用括号中词语的正确形式填空ItwasreallyahardtimewhenLiPingfirstcametotheUnitedStates.His1.________(earn)couldhardlycovertheexpenses，sowhenhiswifegave2.________(bear)totheirseconddaughter，theycouldnotaffordenoughnutritionfood.Soon，poornutritioncausedthe3.________(die)ofthepoorbaby.4.________(lonely)wasanotherproblembecausetheyhadno5.________(relate)orfriendsthere.Thankstohis6.________(brave)and7.________(persevere)，hemanagedtogainthe8.________(citizen)oftheUnitedStatesandintheendhehadhispermanent9.________(settle)．Healwaystellshischildrenlikethis:Perseveranceleadsto10.________(happy)andsuccess.【答案】 1.earnings 2.birth 3.death 4.Loneliness5．relations 6.bravery 7.perseverance 8.citizenship9．settlement 10.happiness综合演练语法填空根据单词提示，用单词的相应词性变化完成下列短文Sixtysixpercentof15to25yearoldsinChinasaytheyarehappy，accordingtoasurveyofglobalyouth1.________(happy)conductedin14countries.Thesurveyshowsyoungpeopleworldwideare2.________(happy)whentheyareonvacation，beingchallenged，orachievingsomething.The3.________(young)intheUS，forexample，saidtheywerehappiestbetween8and10pmonSaturdaysinJuly，enjoyinggood4.________(musician)orspendingtimewithfriendsandfamily.AccordingtostudyauthorJoeriVanDenBergh，youngpeopledon'tjustwanttoimpresstheirfriends.Today'syouthwanttoaccomplishsomethinginlife，whetherthismeansbig5.________(accomplish)likedoingwellinanimportantexamorfindingagoodjob，orsmallthingslikemakingadeliciousdinner.\nThesurveyalsoshowshigherhappinessin6.________(develop)countries—Brazil，IndiaandChinaallranked7.________(high)．Youngpeopleinthesecountriesmightrealizetheyarebetteroffthantheirparentsintheimproving8.________(economy)environment.However，ChristineCarter，sociologistandhappinessexpertattheUniversityofCalifornia.Berkeley，notedthatmanyyoungpeoplestilldonotfeelhappybecausetheyareundersomuch9.________(press)toachieve.Cartersaidresearchshowspeopleofallagesandcultureslinkhappinesstoasenseofgratitude，10.________(generous)，compassionandsocialties.【答案】 1.happiness 2.happiest 3.youth 4.music5．accomplishments 6.developing 7.highly 8.economic9．pressure 10.generosity
