第四节 介词和连词考点一常见介词的用法against，beyond，by，for，with，without，over，in，on，at，across，through等介词是常考的介词，它们大部分都有多层含义，全面掌握这些介词的用法和意义，准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面就几个含义较多、掌握较难的介词做一下介绍。1．against意为“反对；对抗；违背；逆着；倚、靠；以……为背景”。Shefelldownandhitherheadagainsttheground.她倒了下来，头撞在了地上。Thepictureshowsupwellagainstthewhitewall.这幅画在这白壁的衬托之下很显眼。2．beyond意为“在……的另一边；超出；非……所能及”。Heissuchanaughtyboyandisbeyondmycontrol.他是个顽皮的孩子，我实在无法管教。Don'tstayoutbeyond10o'clockatnight.晚上10点以后不要在外面逗留。3．by意为“在……旁边；到……为止；按照；按……计算数量、报酬等；通过……方式；以……的幅度”。Icanseebytheexpressiononyourfacethatyouareintrouble.从你脸上的表情，我可以看得出你有了麻烦。Isthisclothsoldbythemeter?这块布是按米卖的吗？4．with意为“和……在一起；带有；随着；用，凭借；关于；若是”。Isawitwithmyowneyes.我亲眼看到了。Hismoney，withhiswife's，comestoamilliondollars.他的钱加上他太太的钱，合计达100万美元。5．over意为“在……的正上方；多于；在……期间”。Wehavesomethinginterestingtotalkaboutoverthemeal.我们有很多感兴趣的事可以边吃边谈。(通常表示比through(out)较短的期间)6．for意为“为了；支持，同意；因为，由于；就……而言”。Thereisnomedicineforacold.Agoodsleepisthebestcureforit.感冒没有药可医，最好的方法就是好好地睡一觉。Sheisinherthirtiesbutlooksoldforherage.\n她现在30几岁，但是看起来比她实际年龄要老。7．off意为“在……的外面；在……的沿海；偏离；从……离开”。Helivesinavillagealittleawayoffthemainroad.他住在离大路不远的一个村子。8．through意为“穿过；整个……；依据，经由；度过”。Myparents'lovegotmethroughthehardtime.我父母的爱帮助我度过了困难时期。考点二介词的固定搭配介词的固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语。近五年考查到的介词(短语)的固定搭配有：1．ininthemeanwhile 同时intheway 阻挡intime 及时；最终indetail 详细地infavourof 同意incase 以免；万一inreturn 作为回报inexchangefor 用以交换……2．forbepraisedfor 因为……受到表扬forlife 终生forthebenefitof 为了……的利益asfor 就……而论；关于betrainedfor 被训练为……forlackof 由于缺乏……3．ononbehalfof 代表onthecontrary 相反onconditionthat... 以……作为条件4．withhaveanappointmentwith 与……有约会withregardto 关于5．above\naboveaverage 在平均数以上aboveall 首先；最重要的是6．bybychance 偶然；碰巧byname 用名字7．fromapartfrom 除……之外farfrom 远非8．againstwarnsb.against(doing)sth. 警告某人不要做某事9．outofoutofcontrol 失去控制outofplace 不在合适的位置；不适当的outofone'sreach 某人够不着的地方outofthequestion 不可能outofquestion 毫无疑问我和史密斯医生有个约会，但我需要改一下。IhaveanappointmentwithDr.Smith，butIneedtochangeit.你可以换工作，可以搬家，但友谊却可以终生受用。Youcanchangeyourjob，youcanmovehouse，butfriendshipismeanttobeforlife.除了良好的服务，本饭店还提供不同种类的传统闽菜。Apartfromgoodservice，therestaurantoffersdifferentkindsoftraditionalFujiandishes.[考点小结] 介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。使用频率高，用法多而杂，一个介词可能有多种不同的用法；相近的意思又可以用不同的介词表达。所以日常学习中必须逐一掌握每个介词的用法；弄清易混介词的用法异同；能够根据具体语境灵活运用介词。此外，常用介词、易混介词以及介词固定搭配的考查仍是未来考查的重点。考点三连词1．表并列关系：and,notonly...but(also)...,neither,nor,neither...nor...等词连接的并列句，在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申，包括肯定和否定两方面的意义。Thinkitover，andyou'llfindawayout.\nNotonlyishehimselfinterestedinthesubject,butalsohisstudentsbegintoshowinterestinit.Neitherdoesheworkhard,nordoeshisbrother.2．表选择关系：or,either...or...连接并列句表示选择意义。Thechildrencangowithus,ortheycanstayin.EitheryouorIamright.3．表转折关系：常用的有but,yet等。Igotitwrong.Itwasn'ttheredonebuttheblueone.Janesaidshewasill,yetIsawherinthestreetjustnow.4．表示对比关系：用while。Mr.Whiteisfat，whilehiswifeisverythin.5．表因果关系：常用的有so,for。Hemusthavebeencaughtintherain,forheiswetallover.TheshopswereclosedsoIdidn'tgetanymilk.[考点小结]连词按用途主要分为并列连词和从属连词。而对状语从句的考查主要是通过从属连词来进行的。针对训练Ⅰ.根据句意用合适的介词或连词填空1．(2014·北京高考)Someanimalscarryseedsfromoneplacetoanother，________plantscanspreadtonewplaces.【答案】 so2．(2014·北京高考)Janeisinahurrybecausethetraintotheairportleaves________halfanhour.【答案】 in3．(2014·大纲全国卷)September30istheday________whichyoumustpayyourbill.【答案】 by4．(2014·江西高考)ItisunbelievablethatMr.Lucasleadsasimplelife________hisgreatwealth.【答案】 despite5．(2014·重庆高考)Shedrovesofastattheturnthatthecaralmostwent________theroad.【答案】 off6．(2014·浙江高考)Peoplewon'tpayattentiontoyouwhentheystillhavealot\nofideasoftheirowncrying________expression.【答案】 for7．(2014·陕西高考)TheScottishgirl________blueeyeswonthefirstprizeintheFifthChineseSpeechContest.【答案】 with8．(2014·山东高考)Idon'treallyliketheauthor，________Ihavetoadmithisbooksareveryexciting.【答案】 although/though9．(2013·大纲全国卷)IwasgladtomeetJennyagain，________Ididn'twanttospendalldaywithher.【答案】 but10．(2013·四川高考)Readthisstory，________youwillrealizethatnoteverythingcanbeboughtwithmoney.【答案】 andⅡ.选词填空instore；ontheotherhand；inreturn；ratherthan；exceptfor；inresponseto；asamatteroffact；inshape；inadditionto1．(2014·安徽高考)Whatweexpectfromyouisworkinghard________hardlyworking.【答案】 ratherthan2．(2014·福建高考)Ourclubisopentoeveryone________age，sexoreducationalbackground.【答案】 exceptfor3．(2014·江苏高考)Tomalwaysgoesjogginginthemorningandheusuallydoespushupstootostay________.【答案】 inshape4．(2014·湖北高考)Checkcarrots，potatoes，onionsandanyothervegetables________andimmediatelyuseorthrowawayanywhichshowsignsofrotting.【答案】 instore5．(2014·江西高考)Startingyourownbusinesscouldbeawaytoachievingfinancialindependence.________，itcouldjustputyouindebt.【答案】 Ontheotherhand6．(2014·天津高考)________theschool，thevillagehasaclinic，whichwasalsobuiltwithgovernmentsupport.【答案】 Inadditionto\n7．(2014·浙江高考)Whilestayinginthevillage，Jamesunselfishlysharedwhateverhehadwiththevillagerswithoutaskingforanything________.【答案】 inreturn8．(2014·浙江高考)Facinguptoyourproblems________runningawayfromthemisthebestapproachtoworkingthingsout.【答案】 ratherthan9．(2014·浙江高考)There'snoreasontobedisappointed.________，thiscouldberatheramusing.【答案】 Asamatteroffact10．(2014·浙江五校一联)Thecompanyhaschangedsomeofitsworkingpractices________complaintsandcriticismfromthecustomers.【答案】 inresponsetoⅢ.语篇填空用适当的介词填空Father'sDayoccursonthe3rdSundayinJune.Theideaforcreatingaday1.________childrentohonortheirfathersbeganinSpokane，Washington.Awoman2.________thenameofSonoraSmartDoddthought3.________theideaforFather'sDaywhilelisteningtoaMother'sDaysermon4.________1909.Havingbeenraised5.________herfather，HenryJacksonSmart，afterhermotherdied，Sonorawantedherfathertoknowhowspecialhewas6.________her.Itwasherfatherthatmadealltheparentalsacrificesandwas，7.________theeyesofhisdaughter，acourageous，selfless，andlovingman.Sonora'sfatherwasborninJune，soshechosetoholdthefirstFather'sDaycelebration8.________Spokane，Washington9.________the19thofJune,1910.In1924PresidentCalvinCoolidgeannouncedthethirdSundayinJune10.________Father'sDay.RosesaretheflowersforFather'sDay.【答案】 1.for 2.with 3.of 4.in 5.by 6.to 7.in 8.in 9.on 10.as综合演练语法填空用适当的词完成下列短文Itmayhelpyoutoknowthatthereisnosuchthingasaperfectspeech.1.________somepointineveryspeech，everyspeakersayssomethingthatisnotunderstoodexactlyashehasplanned.Fortunately，themomentsareusuallynotobvious2.________thelisteners.Why？Becausethelistenersdonotknowwhatthespeakerplansto\nsay.Theyhearonlywhatthespeakerdoessay.Ifyouloseyourplace3.________amoment，wronglychangetheorderofacouple4.________sentences，5.________forgettopauseatacertainpoint，noonewillbeanythewiser.Whensuchmomentsoccur，don'tworryaboutthem.Justcontinueasifnothinghappened.Evenifyoudomakeanobviousmistake6.________aspeech，thatdoesn'treallymatter.Infact，thelistenersarenotlooking7.________aperfectperformer.Theyarelookingforawellthoughtoutspeechthatexpressesthespeaker'sideasclearly8.________directly.Asyouwork9.________yourspeech，don'tworryaboutbeingimperfect.Onceyoufreeyourmind10.________this，youwillfinditmucheasiertogiveyourspeechfreely.【答案】 1.At 2.to 3.for 4.of 5.or 6.during7．for 8.and 9.on 10.of
