第九节 名词性从句考点一名词性从句连接词的用法1．连接词that在从句中没有任何含义，只起连接作用，不作任何成分。Thathewillcometothemeetingmadeusexcited.他要来参加会议使我们大家很兴奋。2．连接词whether，if意为“是否”，只起连接作用，不作任何成分。若在两者之间二选一，应选择whether。Whetherwewillgotheretomorrowdependsontheweather.我们明天是否去那里取决于天气。3．连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，who(m)ever，whatever，whichever既起连接作用，同时又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。Shedidn'tknowwhatlifeinaforeigncountrywouldbelike.她不知道外国的生活会是什么样。Whoeverbreakstheruleshouldbepunished.不论谁违反了规则都要受到惩罚。4．连接副词when，where，why，how既起连接作用，同时又在从句中作状语。Shehasdecidedhowsheshouldsettlethematter.她已做出决定如何来解决这件事。[名师点津] “疑问词＋ever”与“nomatter＋疑问词”虽然都有“无论……”的意思，但是用法有区别：“疑问词＋ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而“nomatter＋疑问词”只能用来引导状语从句。Thebookcanbeofgreathelptowhoeverwantstodothejob.那本书对于想要做这份工作的人很有帮助。Whatever/Nomatterwhatyousay，Iwillnotbelieveyou.无论你说什么，我都不相信。考点二主语从句1．that引导的从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见句式有：(1)It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)＋that从句。Itissurprisingthatsheis(shouldbe)soangry.她那么生气，令人惊讶。(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(apity/ashame/nowonder等)＋that从句。Itisapitythatyoucannotcometoourparty.你不能来参加我们的聚会真是遗憾。\n(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)＋that从句。Itisreportedthatmanypeoplearehomelessafterfloods.据报道洪水过后很多人无家可归。(4)It＋＋that从句。Itseemsreasonablethatyoungpeoplearemoreinterestedinpopmusic.年轻人对流行音乐更感兴趣，这好像是合情合理的。2．其他连接词引导主语从句时也可用it作形式主语。Ifapersondoeshisbest，itdoesn'tmatterwhatpeoplethinkofhim.如果一个人尽了他最大的努力，那么人们如何评价他并没关系。考点三宾语从句1．动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。Manystudentsinthisschoolmakeitaruletocometotheeveningclasses.这个学校的很多学生都把上晚自习当成一种规定。2．有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it，这类动词有：hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，appreciate等。Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldsendmeareplyatyourearliestconvenience.如果您能够尽早给我回信的话，我将不胜感激。3．一些由“动词＋介词”构成的短语动词如dependon，seeto等可跟that引导的宾语从句，必须用it作形式宾语。Yonmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.你相信好了，他们会支持你的。Willyouseetoitthatyouwilltakegoodcareofmycarwhileusingit?你能确保在使用我的车的时候把它保养好吗？[名师点津] 当主句的主语是第一人称单数时，think，believe，suppose，expect等动词引导的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，从句的谓语动词用肯定式，这一现象称为否定转移。Idon'tthinkthatyoursuggestionwillwork.我认为你的建议行不通。考点四表语从句1．表语从句还可由asif，asthough，because等词引导。Itlooksasifweshallstaythenighthereafterall.看来我们不得不在这里过夜了。Thepatientlookedasifhehadbeenillforalongtime.\n看上去，病人似乎已经病了很长时间。2．当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句要用that而不用because引导，常用句型Thereasonwhy...isthat...Thereasonwhyheisabsentfromschoolisthatheissick.他没来上学的理由是他生病了。考点五同位语从句同位语从句常放在fact，news，word(消息)，idea，truth，doubt，belief，thought，problem等词的后面，对前面的名词做进一步解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。引导词常用that，也可用其他连接词引导。需注意的是，同位语从句有时不直接跟着它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。Thenarosethequestionhowweweretocollectthemoney.然后我们如何筹钱这个问题就产生了。Therumorthattheywouldgetmarriedspreadatonce.他们要结婚的谣言马上传了开来。[名师点津] 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句是对前面的名词做进一步解释，引导词只起引导作用，不可省略；定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰、限制，引导词(即关系代词/关系副词)在句子中作一定的成分。Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.他们赢得了比赛，这一消息很快传遍了整个校园。(同位语从句)Thenews(that)youtoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.你昨天告诉我的那个消息真令人失望。(定语从句)[本节小结]名词性从句在历年的高考题中都有所涉及，并且近几年的高考试题更侧重在具体语境中考查有关其语序或连接词的选择、主从复合句时态的呼应等方面的内容。that和what引导的名词性从句的区别、定语从句和名词性从句特别是和同位语从句的区别仍是高考考查的热点。因此考生除牢固掌握相关的基础知识外，还要加强对从句语法特征的思考，形成良好的英语思维能力和判断能力。针对训练Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空1．(2014·北京高考)Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas________hescoredthewinninggoal.【答案】 when2．(2014·北京高考)Somepeoplebelieve________hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.\n【答案】 whatever3．(2014·大纲全国卷)Exactly________thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain，butitwasprobablyaround1565.【答案】 when4．(2014·福建高考)Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoing________you'reafraidtodo.【答案】 what5．(2014·湖南高考)AsJohnLennononcesaid，lifeis________happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.【答案】 what6．(2014·江苏高考)—Whatamess!Youarealwayssolazy!—I'mnottoblame，Mum.Iam________youhavemademe.【答案】 what7．(2014·山东高考)Itisdifficultforustoimagine________lifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.【答案】 what8．(2014·陕西高考)________thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.【答案】 When9．(2014·四川高考)Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid，“That's________Iwasborn.”【答案】 where10．(2014·天津高考)Ithink________impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.【答案】 whatⅡ.语篇填空用适当的连接词完成下列短文Iamgoingtotellyouanunbelievablethingthathappenedinmyrestauranttoday.Thisafternoonapoorlydressedgentlemancameintomyrestaurant.Nobodyknew1.________hewas.Wewondered2.________hewassohungry.Weweresurprised3.________hefinishedtwoordersoffoodinaverylimitedtime.Wedoubted4.________themanwasabletopaythebill.Thegentlemanasked5.________wewouldmindwaitingforjustafewminutes.Thenwewereshockedtosee6.________hetookoutofaletterandamillionpoundbanknote.IaskedMr.Clements7.________itwasgenuine.Mr.Clementssaiditwastrue\nbecausetwoofthisamounthadbeenissuedbytheBankofEnglandthisyear.Hethought8.________thegentlemanshowedthemcouldn'tbeafake.9．________agentlemanwithamillionpoundbanknotewasinragsandateinoursmallrestaurantwasabigpuzzletoallthepeoplethere.Ireallycouldn'tdescribe10.________excitedIwas.【答案】 1.who 2.why 3.that 4.whether/if5．whether/if 6.that 7.whether/if 8.what 9.Why 10.how综合演练语法填空用适当的连接词完成下列短文Threeyearshadpassedandthingswereevenworsethanbefore.Onecanhardlyimagine1.________thepoorpeoplesuffered.Mostoftheworkerslosttheirjobsandinordertoprovidefortheirfamiliestheysold2.________theyhadintheirhouses.Theycouldneithergetfoodnorclothing.Manyofthemfellillanddied.Thentheybegantounderstand3.________thefactoryownersweretheirenemies.Buttheybelieved4.________ifthegovernmentknew5.________hardtheirconditionswere，theywouldgivethemsomehelp.Inameetingtheydecided6.________theyshouldsendsomeoftheirmentoLondontotellthegovernmentofthetruth.Jacksonwaschosentobeoneofthemtogotothecapital.Hefeltproud7.________hecoulddosomethingforhisfriends.Afewdayslater，whenJacksoncamebackfromLondonandwasaskedtotellabout8.________hadhappenedthere，herepliedinalowvoice，“Iwillneverforget9.________weworkersweretreatedthere.Iwillneverforgivethosewhorefusedtohearus.Friends，letusdo10.________wecantostruggleagainstthecapitalistsandthegovernmentwhich/thatsupportsthem.”【答案】 1.how 2.what 3.that 4.that 5.how6．that 7.that 8.what 9.how 10.what
