小题必练18：七选五之语段过渡题语段过渡题所涉及的句子是过渡句，具有承上启下的作用，该题型主要考查考生对篇章的理解能力和对上下文之间逻辑关系的分析能力。其设空位置比较灵活，可位于段尾、段首或段中。解这类题通常可采用位置判断法。【典例】(2020·山东卷七选五节选)Peoplewanttolistentosomeonewhoisinteresting,relaxedandcomfortable.Toooftenwhenyoustanduptogiveaspeech,youfocusonthe“public”attheexpenseofthe“speaking”.__17___Focusonthespeaking.Talkdirectlytoyouraudience,beyourselfandmakeaconnection.A.Dotheopposite.B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.C.Youdon’tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.D.Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.E.TheobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudienceF.TakethefearoutofpublicspeakingbyfocusingonyourlistenersG.However,themajorityofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.【答案】A【解析】下句Focusonthespeaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在“公众”上，而不是“演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A项Dotheopposite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。故选A。【点拨】重点阅读该空的前一句和后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；如果还没有把握，再分析该段的中心句。A7\nRegularexerciseisavitalpartofleadingahealthylifestyle.1.__________Signsofover-trainingincludedecreasedperformance,chronic(慢性的)tiredness,andmoodswings.Herearesomeadviceontreatingexercise-relatedconditions:*Takeabreakfromexercisingfor1to2weeks.Ifyouexperiencetiredness,moodswings,oranyothersymptomsofover-training,giveyourbodyabreak.Inmostcases,1to2weeksisallit’lltake.Youcandoyogaorstretchingduringthetimeoff.Whenyoustartexercisingagain,takeitslow,andrestamusclegroupforatleastaday.2.______*Seeyourdoctorifrestingfor1to2weeksdoesn’thelp.3.__________Theycandiagnoseaninjuryandrecommendatreatmentplanforyourspecificneeds.Theymightalsorecommendyoutoseeamentalhealthprofessional.Itmightalsobehelpfultogethelpfromapersonaltrainerorphysiotherapist.Theycanhelpyoudetermineifyouareover-trainingandmakeahealthyexerciseplanforyou.*4.__________Forsomepeople,thedrugscanhelpgetridoffeelingsofanxietyorobsessionrelatedtoover-trainingandcompulsive(强迫的)exercise.Youmightneedtotrydifferentmedicinesandamountsbeforeyoufindthebestsolution.Sideeffectscouldincludenausea,constipation,drymouth,moodchanges,andweightgain.Tellyourdoctorifyouexperiencetheseoranyothersideeffects.*Talktoanadvisoraboutcompulsiveexerciseoraneatingdisorder.5.__________Anadvisorcanhelpyoumakethisdistinctionand,ifnecessary,identifywhyexercisehasbecomeacompulsion.A.Scheduleanappointmentwithyourprimarydoctor.B.However,exercisingtoomuchcancausesignificanthealthrisks.C.Whenyoubeginexercisingagain,stickto45minutesorlessperday.D.Askyourdoctoriftheyneedtorecommendadrugtotreatdepression.E.Itmightbetoughtodistinguishbetweendevotiontoasportandcompulsiveexercise.F.Ifyouthinkyoumightbeoverdoingit,stopexercisingfor1to2weeks.G.Forinstance,ifyouworkoutusingabicycleonMonday,exerciseyourupperbodythefollowingday.7\n【答案】1-5BGADE【解析】这是一篇说明文。有规律的运动是健康生活的一部分，但是过度运动会造成表现下降慢性疲劳和情绪波动，文章针对怎么治疗运动相关的疾病给出了一些建议。1.下一句提到“过度训练的迹象是表现力下降，慢性疲劳和情绪波动。”承接下文，B选项“然而，过度训练会造成重大健康风险。”切题，且选项中的exercisingtoomuch与下文的over-training呼应。故选B。2.上文提到“当你再次锻炼时，慢一点，让肌肉群休息至少一天。”承接上文，G选项“例如，如果你周一骑自行车，接下来的一天就可以锻炼上肢。”切题。骑自行车是锻炼的下肢，锻炼上肢就是在休息下肢肌肉群。故选G。3.前文提到“如果休息1到2周还是没起作用，就要去看医生。”承接上文，A选项“与你的主治医生预约。”切题。前文的Seeyourdoctor与选项Scheduleanappointmentwithyourprimarydoctor呼应。故选A。4.下文提到“对一些人而言，药物可以帮助摆脱与过量训练和强迫训练有关的焦虑和困扰。”承接下文，D选项“如果他们需要推荐治疗抑郁症的药物，咨询你的医生。”切题。下文的thedrugs与选项中的drug呼应。故选D。5.下文提到“咨询师可以帮你区分，而且，如果有必要的话，也能帮你找出为什么锻炼变成了一种强迫”，承接下文，E选项“也许，区分热爱运动和强迫运动很难。”切题。选项中的distinguish与下文中的makethisdistinction呼应。故选E。BInternetaddictionisacommonproblemthatcanbejustasdamagingasanyotherformofaddiction.6．Thereareseveralwaystohelpreduceyourinternettrouble.7．Exercising,readingabook,writing,studying,knitting,anddoingcrosswordpuzzlesareallbetteralternativestomindlesslybrowsingtheinternet.Ifyouwanttocutbackonhowoftenyouareusingtheinternetbutaren’tsurewhattodowiththeextratime,identifyafewactivitiesthatyouenjoyandpickonetodoinsteadwhenyou’refeelingtheurgetogoonline.Youcanalsouserelaxationtechniquestoreducestressandanxiety，forexample,yoga,meditation,progressivemusclerelaxation,anddeepbreathing.8．Therefore,insteadofreachingforyoursmartphoneorlaptopwhenyouarefeelingstressed,tryusingoneofthesetechniquestocalmyourself.7\nBesides,youcanreachouttofriendsandfamilytobuildmoreinterpersonalconnections.9．Ifyou’reeagerforsocialinteraction,callupafriendandmakeplanstodosomethingfun,orarrangeafamilydinnerorgamenight.Finally,watchforsignsofinternetaddictionandseekhelpifyounoticethem.Ifyouareconcernedaboutbecomingaddictedtotheinternet,stayingawareofthesignsofinternetaddictionmaypreventthesituationfromgettingworse.10．Besides,immediateactionisalwaysthetoppriority.A．Sometimesyouarejustlonely.B．Youcangoforawalkinnature.C．Tooworriedaboutit?D．Anyway,everylittleaddsup.E.Youmayfallbackintothehabitagain.F.Theyareallgreatwaystorelax.G.Youcandosomehealthyactivitiesinstead.【答案】6-10CGFAD【解析】这是一篇应用文。针对网瘾，文章提出了几种有效的解决方法。6．根据下一句Thereareseveralwaystohelpreduceyourinternettrouble.有几种方法可以帮助你减少上网的麻烦。可知，此处内容与对网瘾担忧有关，因此选项C“太担心了?”符合题意。it指代前文，故选C项。7．根据下一句Exercising,readingabook,writing,studying,knitting,anddoingcrosswordpuzzlesareallbetteralternativestomindlesslybrowsingtheinternet.锻炼身体、读书、写作、学习、编织、做填字游戏都是比漫无目的地浏览互联网更好的选择。可知，此处内容与可以做一些健康活动代替上网有关，因此选项G“你可以做一些健康的活动来代替。”符合题意。故选G项。8．根据上一句Youcanalsouserelaxationtechniquestoreducestressandanxiety，forexample,yoga,meditation,progressivemusclerelaxation,anddeepbreathing.你也可以使用放松技巧来减少压力和焦虑，例如，瑜伽，冥想，渐进式肌肉放松和深呼吸。可知，此处内容与使用一些减少压力和焦虑的放松技巧有关，因此选项F“它们都是很好的放松方式。”符合题意。故选F项。9．根据下一句Ifyou’reeagerforsocialinteraction,callupafriendand7\nmakeplanstodosomethingfun,orarrangeafamilydinnerorgamenight.如果你渴望社交互动，你可以打电话给朋友，计划做些有趣的事情，或者安排一次家庭晚餐或游戏之夜。可知，此处内容与做一些减轻孤独的活动有关，因此选项A“有时候你只是孤独。”符合题意。故选A项。10．根据上一句Ifyouareconcernedaboutbecomingaddictedtotheinternet,stayingawareofthesignsofinternetaddictionmaypreventthesituationfromgettingworse.如果你担心自己会对网络上瘾，那么留意网络成瘾的迹象可以防止情况变得更糟。可知，此处内容与注意网瘾的迹象并采取行动有关，因此选项D“无论如何，积少成多。”符合题意。故选D项。CMakeYourApplication(申请表)StandOutCollegesanduniversitiesintheUSreceivethousandsofapplicationseveryyearfromwithintheUSandfromcountriesallaroundtheworld.11.Howcanyoumakeyourselfmorememorableamongthesestudents?Realizethat"recommended"equals"required".Theveryfirstthingthatanyapplicanttoacollegeshouldrealizeisthatitisacompetitiveprocess.12.Infact,certainpartsmayevenbepresentedthatwayinuniversityapplicationmaterials—buttherealityisthatanythingthattheuniversitypresentsas"optional"or"recommended"isusuallyseenas"required"inthemindsofadmissionofficers.Don'thesitatetosendinextramaterials.Whileitusedtobethecasethatuniversitieswouldmakeitveryclearthattheywouldnotacceptextramaterials,thatisnolongertrueinmostcases,andinmanycases,universitieswillacceptallkindsofmaterials.13.—butitcouldmakethedifferencewhenyouareontheborderline.14.Duringschoolbreaks,makesurethatyouaredoingsomethingthatshowsyouracademiccuriosity,yourinitiative,andyourwillingnesstoworkhard.Bonuspointsifyouractivityproducessomethingthatcouldbeeasilyunderstoodbyadmissionoffices,andifthisactivityissomethingyou'vebeendoingfortwoormoreyears.7\nBeeagerandfocusonqualitycommunication.15.Answeremailswithoutdelay;sendthank-youletters;andaskgoodandthoughtfulquestions.LanguagethatmightbeOKwhenmessagingyourfriendsiscertainlynottherighttonewhencommunicatingwithadmissionofficers.Itislikelythatallofyouremailsgointoyouradmissionfile,soyouwillmakesurethatallofitwillbeabletostandcloseexaminationbytheadmissioncommittee.A.Onemightthinkofmanypartsoftheapplicationasoptional.B.Youareexpectedtopresentyourselfthoroughlyintheprocess.C.Useyourextratimewisely.D.Communicatingwellwillgenerallybetoyourbenefit.E.Buthowcanyoumakeyoursstandoutfromthepile?F.Makesurethelanguageyouuseisformalandcareful.G.Extramaterialswon'tsuddenlymakeyoucompetitive.【答案】11-15EAGCD【解析】本文是说明文。文章开篇提出美国的大学每年要从国内外收到成千上万的大学申请，如何让你的申请脱颖而出？作者提出了四个方面的建议：①准备材料的时候要意识到文件中提到的“建议”其实等同于“必需”；②要毫不犹豫地递交额外的材料；③有效利用假期时间积累课外活动材料；④与校方保持有效的沟通。四个建议相对独立但又互相关联，四个建议都有醒目的主题句，便于学生理解并理清段与段之间、句与句之间的逻辑关系。11.该段的第一句说到美国的大学每年收到成千上万的大学申请。而下文开始论述如何使你的申请脱颖而出。因此，此处句子是“Buthowcanyoumakeyoursstandoutfromthepile?”，设问句起到承上启下的作用。句中的“pile”对应。上一句中的“thousandsofapplication”。因此，答案为E。12.根据前句“Theveryfirstthingthatanyapplicanttoacollegeshouldrealizeisthatitisacompetitiveprocess.”，学生有可能会误选B。但后文提到了“Infact,certainpartsmayevenbepresentedthatwayinuniversityapplicationmaterials”，意为“有些申请材料可能会以那种方式递交”。句中的“thatway”是关键信息，指代前句所提到的做法。接着文章进一步解释“buttherealityisthatanythingthattheuniversitypresentsas'optional'or'recommended'...”（但是大学所提到的“选择”或“推荐”，实际上是……）。读到这里，学生应该能判断出答案是A。7\n13.根据该段的中心意思“要毫不犹豫地提交额外材料”以及破折号后面的解释“butitcouldmakethedifferencewhenyouareontheborderline（但是在关键时候还是能起很大的作用）”可以判断，答案为G。14.本题是主旨概要题，尤其是第一句“Duringschoolbreaks,makesurethatyouaredoingsomethingthat...”可知，这段要谈论的是如何利用好课余时间。因此答案为C。15.根据小标题可知，本段内容主要讲述如何与大学保持有效的沟通。下文举了一些例子，因此空格处要表达的意思是“良好的沟通将对你整体有益”，因此，符合该语境的是D。7
