课时提能练(十七)必修4 Unit2 WorkingthelandA：知识层面Ⅰ.语境语法填空A(考查派生词)The1．discovery(discover)ofAmericasoonbroughtEuropeanstothiscontinent.Theimmigrantsfromthewestworldwereofdifferent2．nationalities(national)buttheyhadcommongoals:toseizepropertyandwealthfromNativeAmericans.Theirillegal3．occupation(occupy)ofthearablelandleftmanyNativeAmericansstarvedtodeath.There'sstill4．confusion(confuse)aboutthenumberofpeoplewhodiedof5．hunger(hungry)thoseyears.AfterColumbuslandedonAmerica,NativeAmericansgraduallylosttheirresources,6．freedom(free)andculture.Theinvadersalmostsnatchedeverything!B(考查动词)Thatsmallfarm7．hasbeenexpanded(expand)intoamoderncomplexfarminthepastdecade.Grainandvegetablesgrownwithoutusingchemicalsareoftenseen8．exported(export)intomanycountries.Farmworkers9．arestruggling(struggle)hardtoincreasetheoutputsoastosatisfytheeverrisingdemand.Buttheyhavehadtheirworkload10．reduced(reduce)by50%sincethefarm11．wasequipped(equip)withadvancedmachinesyearsago.12．Skimming(skim)throughthelocalnewspapers,youmayfindfrequentreportsaboutthefarm.C(考查句型)Theconferenceistobeheldat13．whatiscalledHiltonHotelaswasexpected.Over130headsofstateandgovernmentwillattendtheconference,14．making(make)itthelargestsummitever.Iwouldratheryou15．turned(turn)upatthesummitand,16．ifpossible,deliveredaspeechonhowtofightterrorism.Willyoupleaseacceptourinvitation?If17．so,we'llmakethearrangementaheadofschedule.Ⅱ.语境短文改错(短文中有6处错误)Overthepastfewdecades,drugabusehasbeendisturbedpeopleworldwide.Itisconsideredbymanytobeoneoftheseverestproblemofconcernnowadays.Drugabusecausesdamagetotheabusers'health.Inanaddition,ithasnegativeeffectontheirbabies.Somegovernmentsavoidmentionthisproblemwhilemanyothersareconsideringtakingmeasuresagainstdrugabuse,especiallyamongyoungsters.However,\nexpertsthinknousefightingagainstdrugabusewithoutprohibitingdrugproductionandsales.【答案】 Overthepastfewdecades,drugabusehasbeenpeopleworldwide.Itisconsideredbymanytobeoneoftheseverestofconcernnowadays.Drugabusecausesdamagetotheabusers'health.Inaddition,ithasnegativeeffectontheirbabies.Somegovernmentsavoidthisproblemwhilemanyothersareconsideringtakingmeasuresagainstdrugabuse,especiallyamongyoungsters.However,expertsthinknousefightingagainstdrugabusewithoutprohibitingdrugproductionandsales.Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子1．生活中有很多能让你开心的事。别太关注那些让你不开心的事。Therearemanythingsinlifethatdelightyou.Don'tfocustoomuchonthingsthatmakeyousad.2．关于歌咏比赛你有什么好点子吗？如果有，我们愿意听听你的想法。Doyouhaveanygoodideaforthesingingcontest？Ifany，we'dliketolistentoyou.3．锻炼有助于我们强身健体和保持清醒的头脑。Takingexercisehelpsusbuildupourbodyandkeepaclearmind.4．看到苹果落下的人不计其数，但牛顿是第一个问为什么的。Millionssawtheapplefall，butNewtonwasthefirsttoaskwhy.5．他们宁愿尝试后不成功也不愿放弃这个计划。Theywouldtryandfailratherthangiveuptheplan.B：能力层面Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·绵阳市第一次诊断性考试)Wheatisamainsourceoffoodforpeopleacrosstheplanet，accountingforafifthofthecaloriesconsumedglobally.Butasaresultofclimatechange，scientistsbelievemostpartsoftheworldwherethecropisgrownwillbehitbywatershortagesbytheendofthecentury.AndtheU．S.couldbeamongthecountriesworstaffected，theauthorsoftheresearchpublishedinthejournal\nScienceAdvancestoldNewsweek.Ifclimatechangeisn'tdealtwith，bytheyear2100，60percentofareasthatgrowwheatwillbehitbywaterscarcity—upfromthecurrentlevelof15percent，accordingtotheinternationalteamofscientists.CoauthorsMiroslavTrnkaandSongFengtoldNewsweekthatintheirpreviousresearch，theyhadshownclimatechangemaycausesoiltobecomelessmoist(湿润的)acrossmostmainlandU．S.states，includingthosewherewheatisgrown.Asaresult，theU．S.couldbe“oneofthetopmostaffectedwheatproducers”intermsoftheincreaseinareasaffectedbyseveredroughts，theysaidinajointstatement.Worryingly，existingresearchhaspredicteda4.0to6.5percentdropinglobalwheatproductionper1degreeCelsiusofwarmingifclimatechangeisn'teased.Andit'sunlikelythatwheatcanbereplacedifwaterbecomesscarce，asit'snotasthirstyasothercropsandcandowithoutwaterforarelativelylongperiodoftime.“Ifmultipleregionsareaffectedbydroughtatthesametime，itmightbedifficulttomeetthedemandevenifthetraderoutesstayopenandarenotrestrictedbygovernmentalmeasures，”warnedFengandTrnka.However，theysaid，“Studiesshowthatifwecontinuouslyimprovethesustainabilityandtechnologiesinthecomingdecadesandallowforinternationaltrade，wemayovercomethenegativeimpactsofclimatechange.”【语篇解读】 科学家认为由于气候变化，到本世纪末，世界上大部分种植小麦的地区将受到缺水的影响，而如果气候变化得不到缓解，全球小麦的产量将会减少。1．Howwillclimatechangehurtwheatproduction?A．Byloweringthetemperature.B．Byreducingthewatersupply.C．Bypollutingthesoil.D．Byfloodingthefield.B [细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，由于气候变化，小麦种植地将受到缺水的影响；又根据第四段可知，缺水会影响小麦产量，故选B。]2．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A．WheatproductioncauseddroughtsinmostmainlandU．S.states.B．TheUnitedStatesisthebiggestwheatproducerintheworld.C．TheUnitedStateswillsufferalotfromclimatechange.D．ClimatechangeiscloselywatchedbyAmericanscientists.\nC [推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“theU．S.couldbe‘oneofthetopmostaffectedwheatproducers’”可推知，美国将在气候变化中受到很大影响，故选C。]3．Whyiswheatunlikelytobereplacedbyothercropsinadrought?A．Itistheprimaryfoodformostcountries.B．Itisnotinfluencedbyglobalwarming.C．Itiswidelygrowninmostcountries.D．Itneedslesswaterthanothercrops.D [细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，小麦不像其他作物那样那么需要水，在相当长的一段时间内没有水也能生存，因此小麦不太可能被其他作物取代，故选D。]4．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Health. B．Science.C．Education. D．Entertainment.B [推理判断题。通读全文可知，这是一篇有关气候变化对小麦产量影响的文章，由此可推知，本文可能出现在报纸的科学版块，故选B。]B(2020·洛阳市尖子生第一次联考)BOXTEL，Netherlands—chickensroamtheorchards，cowschewthecudandpigsrollinthemudonawarmdayonaDutchfarm—butthepastoral(乡村生活的)sceneisnotastraditionalasitseems.Thefarmisownedandrunbyacooperativeofhundredsoflocalconsumersandaimstochangehabitsinalowlyingcountryengagedinanexistentialfightagainstclimatechange.Nearly200familiesdecidewhatthefarmwillproduceandemployafarmertotendtotheanimalsformeatandeggsandgrowthedozenkindsoffruitsandvegetables.“Themainaimofthemembersistoeatnaturalproducts，producednearwheretheylive，inamoresustainableway，”saidDouweKorting，coleaderoftheBoxtelcooperative，inthesouthernNetherlands.“Peoplearereallystartingtoseethatachangetowardadifferentwayofeatingisessential，”headded.Itcosts2，000eurostojointhecollectivefarm，whichis10minutesbybicyclefromthetown，andthenaweeklyfeeofaround10eurosperperson.Inreturn，membersreceivethefoodtheywantandstresstheimportanceofknowingwhattheyeatislocalandseasonal.ThecooperativeisknownasHerenboderderijorPeople'sFarmingandtheguidingprincipleisthateverythingcentersontheneedsandrichesofnature，evenwhiletheyareusingnewtechnologies.Soonarobotwillbeusedtosensewhenthefruit\nisripe，aswellasadrone(无人飞机)thatwillsurveythefieldstosupportthefarmerandreducetheneedsformanpower.【语篇解读】 本文介绍了一种新型农场，该农场的创立是为了改变人们的饮食习惯，使人们以一种更加可持续发展的方式生活。5．Whydidthefamiliesstartthefarm?A．Toreducethecostoffood.B．Toimprovetheireatinghabits.C．Toreplacetheoldtradition.D．Toprovidemorechancesofexercise.B [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“Thefarm...aimstochangehabits”和第三段第一句中的“Themainaimofthemembersistoeatnaturalproducts”可知，这些家庭创建这个农场是为了改进饮食习惯，故选B。]6．Whatwilltheemployedfarmerdo?A．Decidewhattoproduce.B．Workonthefarmwithhighpay.C．Ownandoperatethefarminamoreeffectiveway.D．Feedtheanimalsandgrowfruitsandvegetables.D [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“employafarmertotendtotheanimalsformeatandeggsandgrowthedozenkindsoffruitsandvegetables”可知，雇用的这个农民要照顾动物，并且种植水果和蔬菜，故选D。]7．Whatdothefarmownersexpectofthefarm?A．It'llprovidenaturalproducts.B．It'llbecontrolledonlybynewtechnologies.C．It'llcosteveryoneabout10euroseachmonth.D．It'llencouragepeopletolovenature.A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Themainaimofthemembersistoeatnaturalproducts”和倒数第二段的内容可知，农场成员希望这个农场能提供天然的产品，故选A。]【干扰项分析】 根据文章尾句，尤其是其中的“supportthefarmerandreducetheneedsformanpower”可知，农场不是仅由新科技控制，它也需要人力。故B项错误。8．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Adiary.B．Aguidebook.C．Anovel.D．Anewspaper.D [文章出处题。根据文章开头的“BOXTEL，Netherlands”可知，本文应是出自新闻报道，且根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种新型农场，与社会生活密切相关，\n故选D项。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·湖北八校第一次联考)BEAGOODTOURISTTourismcanbebothgoodandbad.Yes，itbringsinmoneyforthelocaleconomyandcreateslotsofjobsforthelocals，butitmayalsobringsomeproblems.1TouristshaveusedrocksorevenkeystowriteontheLuxorTempleinEgypt，theColosseuminRome，theStonehengeintheUK，andmany，manyotherplaces.Thousandsoftouristsitesarebeingdestroyedbytouristswho“lovethemtodeath”．2Ifyouwanttoleaveamarkontheworld，doitbychangingsomeone'slifewithkindnessandlove.Passkindnessdowntofuturegenerations，notdestruction.Anotherbigprobleminsomeplacesisthattouristsdisturbthelocalpeople.3Forexample，thereareanumberoftouristsinChiangMaiUniversityinThailandandYonseiUniversityinSouthKorea，visitingthecampusesandwalkingthroughthelibrariesandotherpublicareas，takingpicturesofstudentsanddisturbingtheirstudies.Ihavethreewordsfortouristslikethese：pleasebeconsiderate.4Theproblemscausedbytouristsareendless：walkinginlargegroupswithoutconsideringotherswhoneedtowalkby，crossingroadswithoutobservinglocaltrafficlaws，andmanymore.Theonlywaytosolvetheproblemscausedbytouristsistomakesurethatyouarenotonecausingproblems!5Remember，wheneveryoustepoutsideyourcountry'sborder，youarerepresentingyourcountrytotherestoftheworld.A．Justthinkfromotheraspects.B．WheninRome，doastheRomansdo.C．Havefuninawaythatdoesnotdisturbothers.D．Trytobethebest，kindestandmostpolitetourist.E．Ihavethreewordsforpeoplelikethese：pleasestopit.F．Onegrowingproblemisthattouristswanttoprovethattheyhavevisitedsomeplace.G．Sometouristswanderaroundandtakepicturesoflocalpeoplewithoutaskingfortheirpermission.【语篇解读】 旅游业给当地带来了经济效益，给当地人提供了很多的工作机会，但也可能带来一些问题。文章通过分析游客给旅游地及当地人带来的问题告诉人们，要做一个友善、礼貌的游客。\n1．F [根据第二段第二句“Touristshaveusedrocksorevenkeystowriteon...manyotherplaces”可知，这里描述的是游客在旅游地随意写字的现象；根据第三段第一句中的“Anotherbigproblem”可知，空处需要提到“problem”或者与之相近的词。由此可知，F项符合语境。]2．E [根据空后两句表述的内容可知，空处应是作者针对该段表述的游客在旅游地随意写字的问题提出的建议。通过分析文章结构和句子与句子之间的关系可知，该空所填的内容及其作用和结构需与下文中的“Ihavethreewordsfortouristslikethese：pleasebeconsiderate”相似，故选E项。]3．G [根据本段第一句可知，本段讲的是游客带来的另一个问题，即打扰当地人；G项表述的“一些游客闲逛，且未经当地人的许可就给他们拍照片”也是游客打扰当地人的一种表现。故选G。]4．C [根据空前一句中的“pleasebeconsiderate”(请体贴一些)可知，针对游客打扰当地人这一问题，作者建议游客要对当地人体贴一些；由此可知，C项“以一种不打扰他人的方式尽情地玩”符合语境。故选C项。]5．D [根据空前一句表述的“解决游客造成的问题的唯一方法就是确保你不是制造问题的游客之一”可知，作者认为要解决这一问题，游客首先要严于律己；D项“尽力成为最好、最善良、最有礼貌的游客”正是游客严于律己的表现。故选D项。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·西安五校联考)Nowadays，itseemsthatmanypeopleareincreasinglyinclinedtoeataplantbaseddietandleaveoutanimal1．________(product)．Formeatlovers，anewstudyhasfoundalink2．________howmuchmeatapersoneatsandanincreasedriskofprematuredeath.Accordingtoresearch3．________(publish)intheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition，peoplewhoatemoreredmeatorprocessedmeatintheirdiethada4．________(high)chanceofdyingfromalonglastingdisease.ThenewresearchlookedatdatafromtheKuopioIschaemicHeartDiseaseRiskFactorStudy，5．________ongoingstudythat'strackingriskfactorsforcardiovascular(心血管的)diseaseamongmiddleagedmenfromeasternFinland.Thestudypopulation6．________(make)upof2，641Finnishmenbetweentheagesof42and60whenthestudybeganbetween1984and1989．Researchersfolloweduptheconditionofthemenafter20years—1，225ofthemhaddied.Those7．________atesevenouncesormoreofredorprocessedmeatdaily—orgotthe8．________(major)oftheirproteinfrommeat—hada23percenthigherriskofprematuredeath，accordingtoScienceDaily.Thisisn't9．________(actual)the\nfirststrikeagainstredorprocessedmeat：Redorprocessedmeatcanincreaseyourchancesof10．________(get)thisdisease.【语篇解读】 一项新的研究表明，吃较多红肉或加工过的肉类的人过早死亡的风险较高。1．products [考查名词的单复数。此处表示“动物制品”，包括很多种类，表示复数概念，product应为可数名词，故用其复数形式。]2．between [考查介词。根据语境并结合空前的link以及该句中的and可知，此处表示一个人吃肉的多少与过早死亡的风险增加之间的联系，此处应是考查“between...and...”固定搭配，故填between。]3．published [考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，空处与research为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用其过去分词形式作后置定语。]4．higher [考查形容词的比较级。根据本句中的“whoatemoreredmeatorprocessedmeat”以及“chanceofdyingfromalonglastingdisease”和语境可知，此处表示比较的含义，需用形容词的比较级形式。]5．an [考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，“________ongoingstudy”作同位语，解释说明“theKuopioIschaemicHeartDiseaseRiskFactorStudy”，表示“一项持续的研究”，应用不定冠词修饰，而且ongoing的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。]6．wasmade [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处作谓语且与主语之间为被动关系，需用被动语态；根据句中的“between1984and1989”可知，此处应用一般过去时；且主语Thestudypopulation表示单数概念，故填wasmade。]7．who/that [考查定语从句的关系词。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Those，指人，故用who或that引导该定语从句。]8．majority [考查词性转换。该空前有the，后有介词of，且此处表示“大部分”，因此需用名词majority。]9．actually [考查副词。此处修饰be动词，需用副词形式。]10．getting [考查动名词。of是介词，因此此处应用动名词形式作宾语。]Ⅳ.短文改错(2020·江西省五校协作体上学期考试试题)Highschoolisveryimportantinone'slifetime.Nowadays，themoviesaboutthehighschooltimearesopopular，andthestoriesareoverstated.Myhighschoollifeissodifferentofthoseinthemovies.Inthepasttwoyears，studyoccupiedmostofmytime.Ifoughtforthefuturewithmyclassmates.Westudiedhardlyandsharedouropinionaboutthedifficultpointstogether.WhenImadeagreatprogress，Iwassohappy，butwhenIfellbehind，Iwouldnotgiveup.Igrewupandbecamepatience.Iwasnotalittlegirlanymore.Inthespare\ntime，Iwouldgotoplaybasketballwithmyfriends，thatbecamethemostexcitedthingatthattime.Thoughthehighschoollifewassimple，Igainedalot.Iwouldneverforgettheclassmateswhostudiedwiththemtogether.【答案】 Highschoolisveryimportantinone'slifetime.Nowadays，themoviesaboutthehighschooltimearesopopular，thestoriesareoverstated.Myhighschoollifeissodifferentthoseinthemovies.Inthepasttwoyears，studyoccupiedmostofmytime.Ifoughtforthefuturewithmyclassmates.Westudiedandsharedouraboutthedifficultpointstogether.WhenImadegreatprogress，Iwassohappy，butwhenIfellbehind，Iwouldnotgiveup.Igrewupandbecame.Iwasnotalittlegirlanymore.Inthesparetime，Iwouldgotoplaybasketballwithmyfriends，becamethemostthingatthattime.Thoughthehighschoollifewassimple，Igainedalot.Iwouldneverforgettheclassmateswhostudiedwithtogether.
