课时提能练(二十五)必修5 Unit5 FirstaidA：知识层面Ⅰ.语境语法填空A(考查派生词)Peopleoftensufferminor1．injuries(injure)suchasscratchesandsmallcutsindailylife.Thecausesofthem2．vary(variety)frompersontoperson.Unlikebeingbittenbya3．poisonous(poison)snake,beingjustscratchedorcutdoesn'tnecessarilymeangoingtohospitalfor4．treatment(treat).Inmostcases,youjustneedtowrapacleancloth5．tightly(tight)aroundthecutifitisbleeding.However,ifasmallcutcauses6．unbearable(bear)pain,gotoyourdoctorrightaway.I7．firmly(firm)believethatfightingagainstthesharppainwith8．bravery(brave)makesnosense.B(考查动词)Amanwasbittenbyasnakeandsymptomsof9．beingpoisoned(poison)appearedsoon.Hislegbegantoswell.Whenthepoisonspreadtohisheart,he10．choked(choke)todeath.Therewasanothermanalsobittenbyasnake.Luckilyhiswifewaswithhimandsheknewfirstaid.Shemanaged11．tosqueeze(squeeze)outthepoisonintime.Thenshequicklycutthe12．swollen(swell)fleshoffhislegwithaknife.After13．pouring(pour)somealcoholonthecut,sheputabandageonit,14．applying(apply)pressuretostopthecutfrom15．bleeding(bleed).Itwasjustbecausethebite16．wastreated(treat)properlythatthehusbandwasrescuedwhenhewasrushedtohospital.C(考查句型)LiuYanwaslookingforwardtoahappymarriage17．whenshewasinformedthatherboyfriendhadanewsweetheart.18．Asyoucanimagine,whatagreatblowitistoLiuYan!Unlessshefindsanothermansheadmires,thehurttoherfeelingswilltakemanyyears19．toheal(heal).Itwasthenextday20．thatshedecidedtoquitherjobandwentbackhome.Afterall,homeis21．wherewegoforcomfortwhenwearehurtorsick.Ⅱ.语境短文改错(短文中有6处错误)MengXiangmeihasdevelopedawideknowledgeofmusic,dreamedofbecomingafamousmusiciansomeday.Shehasn'tgotmarriedforthemomentsbecausesheisburdenedwithastrongsenseofresponsibilityforherpoorfamily.Shedoesparttime\njobsandtrytoearnenoughmoneytocovertheirdailyexpenses.Herfatheroncegotstickinapileofdebt,whichmadeherveryupset.Foramoment,sheeventhoughtofgivingupherdreamshehadstuckonforyears.Luckily,alocalbandhaspromisedtohelp,invitinghertojointhemselvesatanytime.【答案】 MengXiangmeihasdevelopedawideknowledgeofmusic,ofbecomingafamousmusiciansomeday.Shehasn'tgotmarriedforthebecausesheisburdenedwithastrongsenseofresponsibilityforherpoorfamily.Shedoesparttimejobsandtoearnenoughmoneytocovertheirdailyexpenses.Herfatheroncegotinapileofdebt,whichmadeherveryupset.Foramoment,sheeventhoughtofgivingupherdreamshehadstuckforyears.Luckily,alocalbandhaspromisedtohelp,invitinghertojoinatanytime.Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子1．如果你不把食物从火上拿开，它就会被烧糊。(get＋done)Thefoodwillgetburntifyoudon'ttakeitawayfromthefire.2．没有驾照的情况下开车是不合法的。Itisillegaltodriveacarwithoutadrivinglicense.3．我在犹豫是否接受你的邀请。Iamhesitatingaboutwhethertoacceptyourinvitation．4．我认为你一天之内读不完这本书。(否定前移)Idon'tbelieveyoucanfinishreadingthisbookinoneday.5．毫无疑问，回收利用有助于节省我们珍贵的自然资源。Thereisnodoubtthatrecyclinghelpssaveourpreciousnaturalresources.B：能力层面Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·江西省五校协作体上学期考试试题)Lifebeneaththeseasurfacecanbelovelyandlively.Butmanyorganismsthereproducepoisonouschemicalstohunters.Diversarenowcollectingsuchpoisonsasdrugsforhumanmedicine.\nSharksaren'tthescariestthingsintheoceanforscientistswhodivetowork.Powerfulcurrents，creatingwheretheoceanfloordropsaway，canbejustasdeadly.Butthescientistswhoworkunderwateraretrainedtodealwiththesedangers.Therewardsofresearchandunderwateradventuresaregreaterthantherisks.Theseamayseemlikeastrangeplacetolookfornewdrugs.Butorganismsintheoceanhavehadtoadapttoatoughenvironment.Thechemicalstheymakeforsurvivalmighthelppeople，too.Morethan50yearsago，scientistsdiscoveredanewanticancerdruginaseasponge.Sincethen，researchershavebeenhuntingformoreofsuchusefulnaturalproductsintheseas.Withthehelpofunderwaterrobotsandsmallsubmarines，scientistsaresearchingtheseas—fromshallowreefstotheocean'sgreatdepths.BacterialivingintheArctic'scoldwatersbreakdowntheirfoodusingmoredifferentwaysthanorganismsonlanddo.Thisprocessofturningfoodintoenergyforgrowth，activitiesandreproductioniscalledmetabolism(新陈代谢)．Thesepathwaysalsoproducechemicalscalled“secondarymetabolites”．Onedaytheyalsomighthelppeople.DuringafouryearprojectcalledPharmaSeas，scientistsmadethousandsofextractsfromthoseseafloorsamples.Inaboutadozenofthem，researchersfoundmixturesthatcankillbacteriathatsomeoftoday'santibiotics(抗生素)cannotkill.Threeothernewfoundchemicalsreduceepilepticseizures(癫痫病发作)inmice.YetanothercompoundmayreducethesymptomsofAlzheimer'sdisease.【语篇解读】 海洋生物释放的某些有毒化学物能被用作人类药物的来源，于是科学家潜入海底去寻找这些海洋新药药源。1．Whydoseaorganismsproducechemicals?A．Towarnthemselvesinthesea.B．Tobenefitothercreatures.C．Tochangetheirenvironment.D．Tostruggleforsurvival.D [细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Butmanyorganismsthereproducepoisonouschemicalstohunters”以及第三段第三句中的“Thechemicalstheymakeforsurvival”可知，海洋生物产生化学物是为了生存。]2．InwhatwaydoesArcticbacteriadifferfromorganismsonlandaccordingtothetext?A．Medicinalvalue.\nB．Thewayofhunting.C．Thewayofbreakingdownfood.D．Importancetohumans.C [细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“BacterialivingintheArctic'scoldwatersbreakdowntheirfoodusingmoredifferentwaysthanorganismsonlanddo”可知，北极寒冷水域的细菌和陆地上的微生物分解食物的方式不同。]3．Whatisspecialaboutthemixturesfromseafloorsamples?A．Theyhavethesameeffectsastoday'smedicine.B．Theyhaveuniquefunctions.C．Theycantreatmostdiseases.D．Theycankillallbacteria.B [推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是第二句“Inaboutadozenofthem...thatsomeoftoday'santibiotics(抗生素)cannotkill”可推知，来自海底样品的混合物有其独特的功能。]4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．DivingforNewMedicinesB．ThreatsfromtheOceanC．FutureSourcesofBacteriaD．DangerofDivingintheSeaA [标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句“Diversarenowcollectingsuchpoisonsasdrugsforhumanmedicine”并结合文章其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了科学家潜入海底寻找海洋生物释放出的能作为药源的有毒化学物的相关情况，故选A。]B(2020·长沙市统一模拟)“Payitforward”isanewsayingwhichmeansdonatingmoneyorperforminggooddeedswithouthopingforrecognition.Asfarasthereceiverofthemoney，gift，orgooddeedisconcerned，heorsheistoldonlytodosomethinggoodforsomeoneelse.WhenScott，ahomelessman，spenthislast$15，hewasn'tlookingatitasaninvestment，butit'sabouttopayhimhugeprofits.Afterhehelpedawomanwhoranoutofgas，shereturnedthefavorbyraisingalotmoreontheInternet.EmilyMcClure，26，wasdrivinghomewhensheranoutofgashalfway.“Hesawmepulloverandknewsomethingwaswrong，”shewrote.“Hetoldmetogetbackinthecarandlockthedoors.Afewminuteslater，hecamebackwitharedgascan，usinghislast15dollarstomakesureIcouldgethomesafely.”\nShecouldn'trepayhimatthattimebecauseshehadnocashwithher.“Ihavebeenstoppingbyhisspotforthepastfewweeks.Irepaidhimforthegasandgavehimsomeclothes.”Emilydecidedtodomoreforhim，soshestartedacrowdfunding(众筹)campaignonGoFundMe，anditquicklygainedfarbeyonditsinitial$10，000goal.Whenitreached$100，000，thefundraisingpagewasshutdownforatimeatScott'srequest.Hedidn'twantpeopletothinkhewastakingadvantageofthesituation.Finally，Emilysaidthatsherestarteditbecausethepublicinteresthadnotdecreased.ShealsoaddedthatScottplannedtodonatetheresttoagoodcause.AccordingtoTheWashingtonTimes，ScottwantstogetajobatawarehouseandadepartmentmanagerfromacompanyhasalreadyreachedouttoScott.【语篇解读】 无家可归的斯科特用自己最后的15美元帮助了在中途车没油的艾米丽；为回报他，艾米丽在网络上发起众筹，然而斯科特却把筹集来的多余的钱捐赠给了慈善机构，他以这种方式奉献社会，社会最终以一份不错的工作回报了他。5．WhydidScottbuyacanofgasforEmily?A．Togethugeprofitsfromher.B．Togetajobtomakealiving.C．Togetachancetobecomefamous.D．Tomakesureshecouldgethomesafely.D [细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，斯科特用他最后的15美元为艾米丽买了一罐汽油，以确保她能安全回家，故D项正确。]6．Whywasthefundraisingpageclosedforatime?A．Peoplehadnomoreinterestindonation.B．Emilywastoobusytomakeeffortsforit.C．Scottwasunwillingtobeconsideredgreedy.D．Thegoaltoraise$10，000hadbeenachieved.C [细节理解题。根据第五段第二句和第三句可知，资金筹集网页关闭是应斯科特的要求，因为他不想让人觉得自己是在利用这种情况，即斯科特不愿意被认为是贪婪的，故C项正确。]7．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesScott?A．Flexiblebutmean.B．Caringandsupportive.C．Honestbutstubborn.D．Aggressiveanddemanding.\nB [推理判断题。根据第三段的内容以及第五段中的“Scottplannedtodonatetheresttoagoodcause”可知，当斯科特发现艾米丽的车子没油停在半路的时候，他让艾米丽回到车里锁好车门，并用自己最后的15美元为艾米丽买了一罐汽油以确保她能安全回家；他还计划把筹集来的多余的钱捐给一个做好事的组织，由此可推知，他关心他人而且能够给予他人帮助，故B项正确。]8．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusfromthetext?A．Twoheadsarebetterthanone.B．Onegoodturndeservesanother.C．Oneman'smeatisanotherman'spoison.D．Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.B [写作意图题。根据第二段尾句“Afterhehelpedawoman...ontheInternet”并结合全文内容可知，本文讲述了无家可归的斯科特帮助了艾米丽，社会也帮助了斯科特的故事，说明了好人有好报的道理。故B项正确。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·沈阳市教学质量监测)Leadingasustainable(不破坏环境的)lifestyledoesn'trequireyoutohavetomakegreatchangestoyourhome，andthiskindoftransformationdoesn'thavetobeanexhaustingexercise.1Herearethreeofthem.2Byusingsolarenergy，youwillmakeyourhomefarmoresustainable.Solongasthereisthesuninthesky，thesolarpanelsatopyourhousewillcatchtheraysandthentransformthemintoelectricity.Makechangestoyourwaterdrinkinghabits.Haveyoueverthoughtabouthowmanysingleuseplasticbottlesyouuseayear?Ifyoushouldeverperformsuchacount，you'dfindyourselfwellintothreefigures，ormaybeevenfour.3Tobetrulysustainable，you'vetochangeyourwaterdrinkinghabits.4Moreoftenthannot，thesetypesofstrawsareusedonlyoncebeforebeinggotridofandtakingupvaluablelandfillspace.Reduceyourtransportemission(排放)．Ifyouwanttobeamoresustainabletraveller，youshouldseektoreducethecarbonemissionsyouproducebyavoidingdriving.Ofcourse，avoidingmotorvehiclesentirelyisn'talwaysgoingtobeapracticalchoiceforyou.There're，however，stillthingsyoucandotobemoresustainable.5Youhavethepowertomakeasustainablechangetoyourlifestyle—taketheaboveadviceanddon'twasteit.A．Turntosolarenergy.\nB．Avoidwastingvaluableresources.C．Thebestthingyoucandoiscycle，walk，orrun.D．Twochoicesyouhavearesharingcarsandtakingpublictransport.E．There'remanyeasyandsimplethingsyoucandotobemoresustainable.F．Anotherchangeyoucanmakeinthisinstanceistostopusingplasticstraws.G．Drinkingwaterlikethismightbequick，easyandconvenient，butit'snotsustainable.【语篇解读】 本文介绍了三条有助于养成环保生活方式的建议，包括使用太阳能、改变饮水习惯以及减少交通工具的碳排放量。1．E [根据空前的“thiskindoftransformationdoesn'thavetobeanexhaustingexercise”可知，这种改变不一定是一项使人疲惫的活动，并结合空后一句表述的“这里是它们中的三个”以及下文表述的三个建议可知，E项与此处匹配。]2．A [根据空后的“Byusingsolarenergy，youwillmakeyourhomefarmoresustainable”可知，该段讲的是“使用太阳能”的建议，故A项符合语境。]3．G [该段主要谈论改变饮水的习惯，空前一句表述如果你数过数量，你会发现你一年中因饮水而用的一次性塑料瓶的数量能达到三位数，或者甚至可能是四位数，由此可知，空处应是对饮用塑料瓶装水的评价，故选G。]4．F [根据空后一句中的“thesetypesofstraws”可知，F项“就这个情况而言，你可以做出的另一个改变是停止使用塑料吸管”符合语境。]5．D [该部分谈论的是在交通工具的碳排放量方面如何培养环保的生活方式，空前一句表述仍然有一些你能做的事情来使你的生活方式更加环保，D项中的“Twochoices”与此处呼应，且整句话表述的内容与此段内容匹配，故选D项。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·长沙市统一模拟)Accordingto1．newstudybytheWHO(WorldHealthOrganization)，about25percentofadultsworldwidedonotgetenoughexercise.Becauseofthis，about1.4billionpeopleare2．________greaterriskofdeveloping3．________(dead)diseasessuchasheartdiseaseandcancer.Whenitcomesto4．________(exercise)more，expertssaythatpeopleneedn'tgotothegymeveryday.Thereareotherwaystoexercise.Forexample，wecantakethestairsinsteadoftakinganelevator.Andstandingononelegfor30secondseachday5．________(be)alsogoodforourhealth.Thestudyalsofindsthatwomenarelessactivethanmenbecause6．____(them)tendtospendmoretimeathometakingcareof7．________(child)anddoing\nhousework.Countrieswithhigherincomesshowhigherratesofinactivity.Forexample，peopleinKuwaitandtheUnitedStatesexerciseless8．________peopleinUgandaandNepal.Thisispartlybecausein9．________(develop)areas，deskjobshavetakentheplaceofphysicallaborandcars10．________(replace)walking.【语篇解读】 世界卫生组织的一项新的研究发现，全世界大约有25%的成年人缺乏足够的锻炼；女性由于要照顾孩子和做家务，与男性相比锻炼得少。此外，高收入国家的人们比低收入国家的人们锻炼得少。1．a [考查冠词。根据语境可知，该处泛指“一项新的研究”，故用不定冠词；又new的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。]2．at [考查固定搭配。此处表示正因为如此，约有14亿人有较大的患心脏病和癌症等致命疾病的风险。atriskof...“有……的风险”。]3．deadly [考查形容词。该处指“致命的疾病”，故用形容词deadly“致命的”，修饰名词diseases。]4．exercising [考查动名词。whenitcomestodoingsth.“当涉及做某事时”为固定用法，故空处应用动名词形式。]5．is [考查时态和主谓一致。此处为客观描述，应用一般现在时，又该句主语为动名词短语“standingononelegfor30secondseachday”，谓语动词应用单数形式，故填is。]6．they [考查人称代词。空处作从句的主语，故用主格they。]7．children [考查名词的单复数。从句的主语为复数，故此处照顾的孩子也不止一个，故该处用名词的复数形式children。]8．than [考查比较级的标志词。根据空前的副词比较级less可知，该处表示比较，意为“比”，故用than。]9．developed [考查形容词。由上文可知，科威特人和美国人比乌干达人和尼泊尔人锻炼得少；结合常识可知，这是因为在发达地区，伏案工作已经取代了体力劳动，汽车已经取代了步行。故空处用形容词developed“发达的”。]10．havereplaced [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处与该句中的现在完成时相呼应，应用现在完成时；又主语cars为复数，故填havereplaced。]Ⅳ.书面表达(2020·成都市高中毕业班第二次诊断性检测)假定你是校学生会主席李华。你校将于下周三举办主题为“GlobalizationandMe”的英语演讲比赛。请你给你校外教Steve发一封电子邮件，邀请他担任评委。内容要点如下：1．发出邀请；\n2．告知具体事项；3．期盼回复。注意：1．词数100左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。DearSteve，__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua【参考范文】DearSteve，I'mLiHua,presidentoftheStudentUnionofourschool.I'mwritingtosincerelyinviteyoutobethejudgeoftheEnglishSpeechContestwhichwilltakeplacenextWednesday.Thecontestwillstartat2：00p．m.andlastaboutthreehours.Fifteenstudentswilldelivertheirspeechesonthegiventheme“GlobalizationandMe”．Threeofthemwillbechosentobethewinners.Wehopethatyouwillacceptourinvitation.Pleasecontactmeat65895432ifyouhaveanyquestions.Thankyouforyourreading.Iamlookingforwardtoyourearliestreply.Yours，LiHua
