课时提能练(四十一)选修7 Unit21 HumanBiology(A)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·桂林模拟)WhenwomensittogethertowatchamovieonTV,theyusuallytalksimultaneously(同时的)aboutavarietyofsubjects,includingchildren,men,careersandwhat'shappeningintheirlives.Whengroupsofmenandwomenwatchamovietogether,themenusuallyenduptellingthewomentoshutup.Mencaneithertalkorwatchthescreen—theycan'tdoboth—andtheydon'tunderstandthatwomencan.Besides,womenconsiderthatthepointofallgettingtogetheristohaveagoodtimeanddeveloprelationships—notjusttosittherelikecouchpotatoesstaringatthescreen.Duringtheadbreaks,amanoftenasksawomantoexplaintheplotandtellhimwheretherelationshipbetweenthecharactersisgoing.Heisunable,unlikewomen,toreadthesubtlebodylanguagesignalsthatrevealhowthecharactersarefeelingemotionally.Sincewomenoriginallyspenttheirdayswiththeotherwomenandchildreninthegroup,theydevelopedtheabilitytocommunicatesuccessfullyinordertomaintainrelationships.Forawoman,speechcontinuestohavesuchaclearpurpose:tobuildrelationshipsandmakefriends.Formen,totalkistorelatethefacts.Menseethetelephoneasacommunicationtoolforsendingfactsandinformationtootherpeople,butawomanseesitasameansofbonding.Awomancanspendtwoweeksonvacationwithhergirlfriendand,whenshereturnshome,telephonethesamegirlfriendandtalkforanothertwohours.Thereisnoconvincingevidencethatsocialconditioning,thefactthatgirls'motherstalkedthemmore,isthereasonwhygirlstalkmorethanboys.PsychiatristDrMichaelLewis,authorofSocialBehaviourandLanguageAcquisition,conductedexperimentsthatfoundmotherstalkedtoandlookedat,babygirlsmoreoftenthanbabyboys.Scientificevidenceshowsparentsrespondtothebrainbiasoftheirchildren.Sinceagirl'sbrainisbetterorganizedtosendandreceivespeech，wethereforetalktothemmore.Consequently,motherswhotrytotalktotheirsonsareusuallypointedtoreceiveonlyshortgruntsinreply.【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。短文从男女看电视的反应开始谈男女注意力、性格等差异，进而说明女人爱聊天的原因，作者还从生理学角度剖析了女人喜欢聊天的生理因素。1．WhilewatchingTVwithothers,womenusuallytalkalotbecausethey________.\nA．areafraidofawkwardsilencewiththeirfamiliesandfriendsB．canbothtalkandwatchthescreenatthesametimeC．thinktheycanhaveagoodtimeanddeveloprelationshipsD．havetoexplaintheplotandbodylanguagetotheirhusbandsC [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Besides,womenconsiderthatthepointofallgettingtogetheristohaveagoodtimeanddeveloprelationships—notjusttosittherelikecouchpotatoesstaringatthescreen.”可知，此外，女性认为所有人聚在一起的目的是为了玩得开心，发展关系——而不是像电视迷那样坐在那里盯着屏幕。所以女人们会谈论是因为她们觉得这样可以很愉快并且同时能搞好关系。故选C。]2．Afteravacationwithhergirlfriend,awomanwouldtalktoheragainonthephoneforhoursinorderto________.A．experiencethehappytimeagainB．keepaclosetiewithherC．recommendheranewscenicspotD．remindherofsomethingforgottenB [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Menseethetelephoneasacommunicationtoolforsendingfactsandinformationtootherpeople,butawomanseesitasameansofbonding.”可知，男人把电话看作是向别人传递事实和信息的一种交流工具，而女人则把电话看作是联系感情的一种方式，她是想要借此来维持两人之间紧密的关系。所以和女性朋友度假后，一个女人会再和她通几个小时的电话，以便和她保持密切联系。故选B。]3．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusmost?A．Women'sbrainsarebetterorganizedforlanguageandcommunication.B．Womenlovetotalkbecausetheyaremoresociablethanmen.C．Mendonotliketalkingbecausetheyrelymoreonfacts.D．Socialconditioningisnotthereasonwhywomenlovetalking.A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Sinceagirl'sbrainisbetterorganizedtosendandreceivespeech,wethereforetalktothemmore.”可知，由于女孩的大脑更有组织地发送和接收语言信息，因此我们会更多地与她们交谈。由此判断出女性的大脑更适合语言和交流。故选A。]4．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．WomenAreSociallyTrainedtoTalkB．TalkingMaintainsRelationshipsC．WomenLovetoTalk\nD．MenTalkDifferentlyfromWomenC [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，短文从男女看电视的反应开始谈男女注意力、性格等差异，进而说明女人爱聊天的原因，作者还从生理学角度剖析了女人喜欢聊天的生理因素。所以短文的最佳标题为“女人喜欢聊天”，故选C。]B(2020·崇左二次摸底)Notallbademotions(情感)arenecessarilybad.Infact,theycandirectyourbehaviorinusefulways.Ifyou'restuckintraffic,angerwiththesituationmightmotivateyoutofindanalternativeroute(线路),whichwillthenrelieveyourstress.Butangerislessusefulifyou'reinthesamesituation,butstuckonamotorwaywithnooptiontoalterdirections.Emotionshavephysiologicaleffects,suchasraisingthelevelofcortisolinyourbloodstream,whichcanaffectyourhealth.Indeed,anewstudy,publishedinPsychologyandAging,showsthathighlevelsofangerareassociatedwithpoorhealthinolderpeople.TheCanadianstudydidthestudyon226adultsaged59－93.Theytookbloodsamplestoassesslevelsofchronic(慢性的)lowgradeinflammation(炎症)andaskedtheparticipantstoreportanyagerelatedchronicillnessestheymighthave.Theparticipantsalsocompletedashortquestionnaireaboutthelevelofangerorsadnesstheyexperiencedinthreetypicaldaysoveraoneweekperiod.Fortheanalysis,theresearchersconsideredwhetheragecouldaffecttheresults.Theyfoundthathigherlevelsofangerwereassociatedwithinflammationandillhealthintheoldestparticipants(aged80andabove),butnottheyoungestones(59－79years).Sadnesswasnotassociatedwithinflammationorillhealthineitheragegroup.Thestudyiscrosssectional,meaningthatitassessedagroupofpeopleatasinglepointintime.Togetafullerunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenbademotionsandhealth,weneedstudiesthatfollowparticipantsforaperiodoftime—socalledprospectiveobservationstudies.Futurestudiesshouldalsotakeintoaccountotherfactorsthatmightrelate,suchasotheremotions,stressandpersonality.Althoughthisnewresearchshowsalinkbetweenemotionandhealthinolderage,wedonotknowwhetherangercausesinflammationandillnessorwhetherhealthproblemsmakepeopleangrier.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，不是所有的负面情绪都是糟糕的，然而就老年人来说，愤怒有时会影响健康。\n5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“alter”inParagraph1mean?A．Change. B．Control.C．Measure.D．Operate.A [词义猜测题。根据前句“Ifyou'restuckintraffic,angerwiththesituationmightmotivateyoutofindanalternativeroute(线路),whichwillthenrelieveyourstress.(如果你被困在交通堵塞中，对这种情况的愤怒可能会促使你去寻找另一条路线，这将会减轻你的压力。)”提到对处境的怒火会激发我们找替代路线。再根据划线词所在句意“但是如果你处于同一处境，卡在高速公路没有其他的办法________路线时，愤怒就不会那么有用了”可知alter应该意为：寻找替代路线，更换，划线词与Change意思一致。故选A。]6．Whywereparticipantstakenbloodsamples?A．Toanalyzetheirlevelsofhealth.B．Tofillintheformofquestionnaires.C．Toknowthelevelsofsomeinflammation.D．Tocomparethechangeofangerinthreedays.C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Theytookbloodsamplestoassesslevelsofchronic(慢性的)lowgradeinflammation(炎症)andaskedtheparticipantstoreportanyagerelatedchronicillnessestheymighthave.”可知，他们采集了血样来评估慢性低度炎症的程度，并要求参与者报告他们可能患有的任何与年龄有关的慢性疾病。由此可知，抽取血样是为了了解某种炎症的程度。故选C。]7．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Angeristhegreatestdangertohealth.B．Theinfluenceofangeronillnessisunclear.C．Peopleinpoorhealthareeasytogetangry.D．Evidenceisneededtoprovetheeffectofhealth.B [推理判断题。根据最后一段“Althoughthisnewresearchshowsalinkbetweenemotionandhealthinolderage,wedonotknowwhetherangercausesinflammationandillnessorwhetherhealthproblemsmakepeopleangrier.”可知，尽管这项新研究显示了情绪与老年健康之间的联系，但我们不知道愤怒是否会导致炎症和疾病，还是健康问题会让人更加愤怒。由此可知，愤怒对疾病的影响到目前还是不确定的。故选B。]8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AdjustingOurEmotionsIsNecessaryB．BadEmotionsAffectPeople'sFeelingsC．NewConclusionsMakePeopleAmazedD．AngerIsLinkedtoIllnessinOldAge\nD [主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了愤怒与老年人的疾病有关，如实验结果的由来、实施过程等，故D选项AngerIsLinkedtoIllnessinOldAge(愤怒与年老时的疾病有关)适合作本文的标题。故选D。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·曲师大附中模拟)Iwillneverforgetonesummerinmychildhood.Whilewalkingintheattic(阁楼),Isteppedonsomethingand__1__down,withmyhandlandingonafloorboardthatpoppedupandalmosthitmyhead.WhenI__2__andlookedinsidetheopenspace,Icouldnotbelievemyeyes:Therewasgoldinthere!I__3__ahandfulofshininggoldcubes,rantothebottomstairand__4__，“Mama,Ifoundgoldupthereunderthefloor！”BackupthestairsIdashed,__5__mybrothersalmostknockedmedownastheyranrightbyme.WhenMamaopenedthedoorand__6__herheadin,she__7__said,“Honey,that'sinsulation(隔热材料).Nowputitallback.”Ifeltreallydisappointed.IhadthoughtImadeareal__8__.WhenI__9__insidetoputthefakegoldback，myhandtouchedwhatfeltlikeabook.Ipulleditout.Itwasoldandsmall：Bartlett'sFamiliarQuotations，whichI'dneverheardof.And__10__Iwasbored,Idecidedtoseewhatwasinsidethislittlebook.Tomy__11__，itwasabookofpassages,phrasesandproverbs,andIcouldtellthatthiswasgoingtobe__12__.SoIspentquitemuchtimeonitandfound__13__inthesepages.AsIdidn'tknowhowtoexpressthingsclearly,Ioften__14__totalkaboutthem.Thisbookhelpedme__15__thatIdidn'tneedtofeelashamedor__16__，becauseotherpeoplehadsimilarexperiences.WhenIwenttocollege,Bartlett'sFamiliarQuotationscamewithme.Overtheyears,I'vekeptmyoriginal__17__，whichtothisdayIoften__18__.Althoughitwasa__19__tofindthebook,itliberatedmeinaway.Ithelpedmeseemorethanmyyoungmindandheartwereabletounderstand.Thebookdiscoveredunderthosefloorboardswas，__20__，gold.【语篇解读】 作者童年时期在阁楼意外发现了Bartlett'sFamiliarQuotations这本书，被其中的内容吸引，并且收获良多。1．A.slowed B．calmedC．lookedD．fellD [考查动词。根据前文中的“Isteppedonsomething”及后文中的“withmyhandlandingona\nfloorboard”可推知，作者踩住了某个东西“摔倒”了。fall意为“跌倒”，符合语境。]2．A.bentoverB．showedupC．laydownD．brokeinA [考查动词短语。根据上文可知，地板翘了起来(差点打到头)，于是作者“俯下身”去看，发现地板下面有金子。bendover意为“俯身”，符合语境。showup出现；liedown躺下；breakin强行进入，打断。]3．A.stoleB．producedC．seizedD．hidC [考查动词。根据后文中的“handful”以及“toputthefakegoldback”可推知，作者当时“抓”了一把金块，朝楼下跑去，seize意为“抓取”。stole为steal的过去式，意为“偷”；produce意为“生产”；hide意为“隐藏”。]4．A.yelledB．sighedC．admittedD．complainedA [考查动词。根据后文中的“Mama，Ifoundgold”可知，作者当时非常兴奋，所以会“大喊”，yell意为“大喊”。sigh叹息；admit承认；complain抱怨。]5．A.orB．soC．butD．forC [考查连词。根据空后的“mybrothersalmostknockedmedownastheyranrightbyme”可推知，作者的哥哥们也想冲到阁楼上看“金子”，作者告诉完母亲冲回阁楼，“但是”途中差点被哥哥们撞倒，空格前后两部分应为转折关系。]6．A.noddedB．stuckC．loweredD．liftedB [考查动词。根据空后的“herheadin”可知，母亲把门打开，把头“伸”了进去，发现那只是隔热材料。stick意为“放置”，stickherheadin表示母亲将头伸进去。nod点头；lower把……放低；lift举起。]7．A.simplyB．thoughtfullyC．honestlyD．angrilyA [考查副词。根据后文中的“Honey，that'sinsulation(隔热材料)．Nowputitallback.”可知，母亲仅仅说它是隔热材料，并让作者将“金子”放回去。simply仅仅，只；thoughtfully深思熟虑地；honestly诚实地；angrily生气地。]8．A.differenceB．choiceC．mistakeD．discoveryD [考查名词。根据前文中的“Ifoundgoldupthereunderthefloor”可知，作者当时真的以为自己有了新的“发现”，但当被告知不是金子的时候，作者自然很失望。]\n9．A.satB．slidC．reachedD．walkedC [考查动词。根据下文中的“myhandtouchedwhatfeltlikeabook”可知，作者将手伸进去，将“假金子”放了回去，故选reach“伸手”。slid为slide的过去式，意为“滑动”。]10．A.untilB．nowthatC．unlessD．sothatB [考查连词。根据前文中的“whichI'dneverheardof”及空后的“Iwasbored”可知，作者从来没有听说过这本书，又“由于”感到无聊，所以决定看看书中的内容。nowthat既然，由于(＝since/inthat)。]11．A.surpriseB．regretC．reliefD．disappointmentA [考查名词。根据下文中的“SoIspentquitemuchtimeonit”可知，让作者感到“意外”的是，这本书里面有很多文段、短语和谚语，并且作者断定这本书将会“有趣”。toone'ssurprise令某人意外的是；toone'srelief使某人感到轻松的是。]12．A.absurdB．controversialC．boringD．interestingD [考查形容词。参见上题解析。absurd荒谬的；controversial有争议的。]13．A.sympathyB．comfortC．honorD．doubtB [考查名词。根据前文中的“Ispentquitemuchtimeonit”及“Iwasbored”可知，当时因为有了这本书，作者乏味的生活有了一些“安慰”。sympathy同情；comfort慰藉，安慰；honor荣誉；doubt怀疑。]14．A.tendedB．offeredC．managedD．hesitatedD [考查动词。根据前文中的“Ididn'tknowhowtoexpressthingsclearly”可知，因为作者不知道如何清楚地表达事物，所以在谈及它们的时候经常“迟疑”。tendtodo往往会做，倾向于做；offertodo主动提出做；managetodo勉力完成；hesitatetodo迟疑做，不愿意做。]15．A.expectB．rememberC．realizeD．imagineC [考查动词。根据后文中的“Ididn'tneedtofeelashamed”以及语境可知，这本书让作者“意识到”，当自己表达不好的时候，不需要感到羞愧或“尴尬”，因为其他人也有相似的经历。]\n16．A.embarrassedB．satisfiedC．astonishedD．tiredA [考查形容词。参见上题解析。embarrassed尴尬的；satisfied满意的；astonished感到十分惊讶的；tired疲劳的。]17．A.mindB．copyC．planD．fileB [考查名词。根据空前的“original”以及语境可推知，多年来，作者一直保存着自己当年发现的那本书，copy在文中意为“一本，一册”。originalcopy表示“原本，原件”。]18．A.putawayB．showoffC．refertoD．pickupC [考查动词短语。根据前文作者一直留着这本书，再结合语境和常识可推知，作者至今还一直在“参考”这本书。putaway将……收起来；showoff炫耀；referto查阅，参考，征询；pickup捡起。]19．A.dilemmaB．disasterC．pityD．coincidenceD [考查名词。根据前文可知，作者当时发现这本书纯属“巧合”，但即便是巧合，这本书却在某种程度上(心灵、思想方面)解放了作者。dilemma困境；disaster灾难；pity遗憾；coincidence巧合。]20．A.stillB．indeedC．normallyD．hopefullyB [考查副词。根据上文中的“Ithelpedmeseemorethanmyyoungmindandheartwereabletounderstand”可知，这本书让作者的思想和心灵得到解放，对作者而言“的确”是金子。]课时提能练(四十二)选修7 Unit21 HumanBiology(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·武汉网考)Sincewearesocialbeings，thequalityofourlivesdependsinlargemeasureonourinterpersonalrelationships.Onestrengthofthehumanconditionisourtendencytogiveandreceivesupportfromoneanotherunderstressfulcircumstances.Socialsupportconsistsofthe\nexchangeofresourcesamongpeoplebasedontheirinterpersonalties.Thoseofuswithstrongsupportsystemsappearbetterabletodealwithmajorlifechangesanddailydifficulties.Peoplewithstrongsocialtieslivelongerandhavebetterhealththanthosewithoutsuchties.Studiesoverarangeofillnesses，fromdepressiontoheartdisease，showthatthepresenceofsocialsupporthelpspeopleprotectthemselvesfromillness，andtheabsenceofsuchsupportmakespoorhealthmorelikely.Socialsupportcushionsstressinanumberofways.First，friends，relatives，andcoworkersmayletusknowthattheyvalueus.Ourselfrespectisstrengthenedwhenwefeelacceptedbyothersdespiteourfaultsanddifficulties.Second，otherpeopleoftenprovideuswithinformationalsupport.Theyhelpustoexplainandunderstandourproblemsandfindsolutionstothem.Third，wetypicallyfindsocialcompanionshipsupportive.Engaginginleisuretimeactivitieswithothershelpsustomeetoursocialneedswhileatthesametimedistracting(转移……注意力)usfromourworriesandtroubles.Finally，otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupportfinancialaid，materialresources，andneededservices—thatreducesstressbyhelpingussolveanddealwithourproblems.【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们是社会性的动物，所以我们的生活质量很大程度上取决于人际关系，并从四个方面阐述了人际关系对我们的好处。1．Researchshowsthatpeople'sphysicalandmentalhealthhasmuchtodowith________.A．thesocialmedicalsystemB．theamountofsupporttheygetfromothersC．theirstrengthfordealingwithinterpersonaltiesD．theirabilitytodealwithdailyworriesandtroublesC [细节理解题。根据第三段的“Peoplewithstrongsocialtieslivelongerandhavebetterhealththanthosewithoutsuchties.(有牢固社会关系的人比没有的人寿命更长，健康状况更好。)”可知，人的心理和身体的健康状况和人们的社会关系有关，即他们处理人际关系的能力。故选C项。]2．Theunderlinedword“cushions”inParagraph4probablymeans“________”．A．addsuptoB．lessenstheeffectofC．doesawaywithD．laysthefoundationfor\nB [词义猜测题。根据第四段的“Socialsupportcushionsstressinanumberofways.First,friends,relatives,andcoworkersmayletusknowthattheyvalueus.Ourselfrespectisstrengthenedwhenwefeelacceptedbyothersdespiteourfaultsanddifficulties.”可知，社会支持用多种方式________压力。首先，朋友、亲人和同事会让我们知道他们重视我们。当我们感到被别人接受时，我们的自尊心就会增强，尽管我们有缺点和错误。根据上下文语境，尤其是value和strengthen，以及accepted可推测划线部分的意思是“缓解/降低”。故选B项。]3．Socialcompanionshipisbeneficialinthat________.A．ithelpsstrengthenourtieswithrelativesB．itenablesustogetridofourfaultsandmistakesC．itmakesourleisuretimeactivitiesmoreenjoyableD．itdrawsourattentionawayfromourworriesandtroublesD [细节理解题。根据第五段的“Third,wetypicallyfindsocialcompanionshipsupportive.Engaginginleisuretimeactivitieswithothershelpsustomeetoursocialneedswhileatthesametimedistracting(转移……注意力)usfromourworriesandtroubles.(我们通常认为社会交往是有益的。和他人一起从事休闲活动帮助我们满足我们的社会需求，同时转移我们忧虑和烦恼的注意力。)”可知，社交陪伴可以转移我们忧虑和烦恼的注意力。故选D项。]B(2020·宜昌联考)ThenumberofsnowgeesearrivingintheArcticeachspringtobreedhasrisenoverthepastfewdecades.Atfirst,wildlifebiologistssawthisasanenvironmentalcrisis,pointingtomarshes(沼泽地)whereplantswereeatenbythehungrybirds,andthefederalgovernmentrespondedbylooseningrestrictionsonsnowgoosehuntingacrossthecountry.ButhowdotheInuit(因纽特人)，inwhosebackyardthisistakingplace,andforwhomfreshgooseeggsandmeatareamongthepleasureofanArcticspring,viewthesituation?ArecentstudyisbringingInuitwildlifeexpertsandscientiststogethertolookforcommongroundonmanagingthespecies.ThesnowgoosestudyaskedexpertsinCoralHarbourandArviat,onthenorthandwestcoastofHudsonBay,tosharetheirgenerationsofknowledgeaboutsnowgeeseandtheirviewsonwhatshouldbedone.“Thecommunityhadconcernsaboutcontrollingthepopulation，”saysRonNingeongan,acommunityofficerfortheKivalliqInuitAssociationinCoralHarbour,“andInuitsnowgooseknowledgehadneverbeenrecorded.Peoplewantedtopassonwhattheyknew.”\nTheInuitexpertsrejectedtheideaofacull(选择性宰杀)，consideringitwastefulofthegeeseandunnecessaryfortheenvironmentingeneral,butfeltthathuntingmoregeeseinanorganizedway—forinstance,payinglocalhuntersaminimumamountofmoneyanddistributingthebirdstodisadvantagedfamiliesoroperatingalimitedcommercialhuntthatwouldemploylocalpeople—wouldbeappropriate.TheInuitsaythatwhiletheremaybetoomanysnowgeeseinsomeareas,it'snotacrisis.Biologistsnowgenerallyagreethatthereseemtobeplentyofundamagedmarshesavailableandnewerresearchshowsthatsomedamagedareascanrecover.Conservationplannersforthethreemigratorybirdreservesintheareawillusethestudy'srecommendations,whichisanexcellentexampleofhowindigenous(土著的)knowledgecanstrengthenwildlifemanagementJohnsonsays.“NowthatwehaverecordedanddocumentedInuitknowledgeofsnowgeese，”saysNingeongan.“whenfacingthecrisisagain,otherpeoplewillbeabletousetheinformationtohelpmanagethespecies,whichisfundamentaltodealingwithiteffectively.”【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍猎获雪雁给生态系统带来的危机以及因纽特人是如何加强野生动物管理的。4．Whydidthefederalgovernmentloosenrestrictionsonsnowgoosehunting?A．Tocreatemoremarshes.B．Toprotectecosystem.C．Tomakemoreprofits.D．Towipeoutthehungrybirds.B [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“wildlifebiologistssawthisasanenvironmentalcrisis,pointingtomarshes(沼泽地)whereplantswereeatenbythehungrybirds,andthefederalgovernmentrespondedbylooseningrestrictionsonsnowgoosehunting(野生动物生物学家认为这是一场环境危机，他们指出沼泽地里的植物被饥饿的鸟类吃掉了，联邦政府对此的反应是放松对猎雪雁的限制)”可知，联邦政府要限制猎雪雁是为了保护生态系统。故选B项。]5．WhichofthefollowingmightInuitwildlifeexpertsagreeon?A．Regardingtoomanysnowgeeseasacrisis.B．Neverorganizinglargescalecommercialhunts.C．Employingpoorfamiliestohuntmoresnowgeese.D．Usingsnowgoosehuntingtoman'sbestadvantage.D [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“huntingmoregeeseinanorganizedway—for\ninstance,payinglocalhuntersaminimumamountofmoneyanddistributingthebirdstodisadvantagedfamiliesoroperatingalimitedcommercialhuntthatwouldemploylocalpeople—wouldbeappropriate(以一种有组织的方式来猎杀更多的雪雁——例如，付给当地猎人最少的钱，并将这些雪雁分配给贫困家庭，或者通过雇佣当地居民来进行有限的商业捕猎——都是合适的)”可知，因纽特野生动物专家会同意“利用雪雁狩猎为人类带来最大的好处”。故选D项。]6．Whatdobiologiststhinkaboutthemarshes'futureatpresent?A．It'sunpredictable.B．It'shardtogetbetter.C．It'stoodiscouraging.D．It'sabitpromising.D [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Biologistsnowgenerallyagreethatthereseemtobeplentyofundamagedmarshesavailableandnewerresearchshowsthatsomedamagedareascanrecover.(生物学家现在普遍认为，似乎有大量未受损害的沼泽可以利用，最新的研究表明，一些受损地区可以恢复。)”可知，目前生物学家认为沼泽的未来有点希望。故选D项。]7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Thecrisis.B．Thespecies.C．Inuitknowledge.D．Inuitresearch.A [代词指示题。根据文章首段中的“asanenvironmentalcrisis”，画线词it所在句子中提到的“whenfacingthecrisis”，再结合该词前的dealingwith“处理”可知，it指代的是“危机”。故选A项。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·凤城第二次模拟)Everyoneisawarethattakinggoodcareofourbodiescanpreventmanymedicalproblemsfromoccurringlater.However,weoftenhavelessawarenessofpreventativeactionsweshouldtaketohelpwithmentalhealthproblems.Whileourmentalhealthmaybefinerightnow,manyofuswillstruggleatsomepoint.__1__It'simpossibletogetthroughlifewithoutchallenges,butourmentalhealthpreventionhabitscanhelpusgetthroughdifficulttimes.__2__Keepactive.Themoreactiveyouphysically,mentallyandsociallyare,thehigherthelevelofyourmentalwellnessislikelytobe.Sogoforwalksandlearnsomethingnew.Therearemanyotherwaystobeactive.__3__\nBeconnected.Regularinvolvementinsocialactivitieswithsupportivefriendsandfamilyimprovesyourabilitytohandledisappointments,andeverythingelselifethrowsatyou.__4__Butyoucanbeinvolvedinanymanner;evenvolunteeringforanorganizationcanhelpyoubemoresocial.__5__Thenatureoftheseactivitiesvarieswidelyfrompersontoperson.Thekeyistoidentifywhatgivesyourlifemeaning.Volunteering,coaching,teaching,etc.allcancontributetoincreasingyoursenseofconfidenceandsatisfactionwithlife.Manyactivitiescanaddressmorethanone.Thekeyistomakeaplanandstickwithit.Ifyouarealreadystruggling,begintopracticethesewaystohelpyourrecovery.A．Herearethreepracticalsteps.B．However,goodmentalhealthisimportant.C．Stresses,disappointmentsanddisastershappen.D．Overcomelife'schallengesbeforetheyhappen.E．Becommittedtoactivitiesthatgivelifemeaning.F．Thekeyistofindwhatkeepsyoumotivatedandinterested.G．Thiscanbedifficultwhenyoumovetoanewtownorasyougetolder.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。每个人都知道，照顾好我们的身体可以防止许多医疗问题的发生。生活中不可能没有挑战，但是我们的心理健康预防习惯可以帮助我们度过困难时期。文章介绍了三个实用的方式。1．C [上文提示“虽然我们的心理健康现在可能很好，但我们中的许多人都会在某种情况下挣扎。”再根据下文提示“生活中不可能没有挑战，但是我们的心理健康预防习惯可以帮助我们度过困难时期。”承接上下文，C项Stresses,disappointmentsanddisastershappen.(压力、失望和灾难总会发生。)承上启下。故选C。]2．A [上文提示“生活中不可能没有挑战，但是我们的心理健康预防习惯可以帮助我们度过困难时期。”再根据下面三段内容，A项Herearethreepracticalsteps.(这里有三个实用的步骤。)承上启下。故选A。]3．F [上文提示“有很多其他的活跃方式。”承接上文，F项Thekeyistofindwhatkeepsyoumotivatedandinterested.(关键是找到让你保持动力和兴趣的东西。)切题。故选F。]4．G [上文提示“经常和支持你的朋友和家人一起参加社交活动，可以提高你处理失望和生活中其他事情的能力。”再根据下文提示“但你可以以任何方式参与其中；即使是为一个组织做志愿者也能帮助你更加社会化。”承接上下文，G项Thiscanbedifficultwhenyoumovetoanewtownorasyouget\nolder.(当你搬到一个新的城镇或随着年龄的增长，这可能会很困难。)切题。该项中的this指的是上文内容；而下文中的But与该项构成转折。故选G。]5．E [下文提示“这些活动的性质因人而异。”承接下文，E项Becommittedtoactivitiesthatgivelifemeaning.(致力于那些赋予生活意义的活动。)切题。故选E。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·黄冈冲刺卷)Chinaisconsideredthehomeoftea.ChineseteahadbeguntobeexportedtoJapanandKoreabeforetheTangDynasty(618－907).Intheearlyperiodofthe17thcentury,Chinesetea1.________(export)toEurope.TheteafromChinaisingreatabundanceandvariety.Totellifapotofteaisniceyoucanmainlyrely2.________thecolor,smell,tasteandform.OneofChina'ssixfamousteatypesiswhitetea,3.________getsitsnamefromitssilverwhitecolor.It4.________(be)mainlygrownandproducedinFujianandTaiwanprovinceswithalonghistory,datingbacktoNorthernSongDynasty(960－1127)inancientChina.Comparedwithothermajortypesoftea,itdistinguishesitselfby5.________(it)refreshinglysweettasteandbeautifulsilverneedlelikeshape,thus6.________(enjoy)greatpopularityamongtea7.________(drink).Inaddition,thelongeritispreserved,thebetterhealthbuildingeffectsithas.8.________(amazing),ithasbeenprovedthatifdrunkregularly,whiteteawillgreatlybenefitpeople'sphysicalandmentalhealth.Thisisbecauseitcannotonlyprotectpeoplefrombeing9.________(strike)bysomecommondiseases,10.________alsocaneffectivelyrelievesymptoms.【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的茶历史，以及中国六大名茶之一的白茶和白茶有益健康。1．wasexported [考查动词时态及语态。句意：17世纪初期，中国的茶叶出口到欧洲。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动，且根据上文“Intheearlyperiodofthe17thcentury”可知应用一般过去时，主语为tea，故填wasexported。]2．on [考查固定短语。句意：要判断一壶茶好不好，主要看它的色、香、味、形。固定短语relyon“依赖；依靠”，故填on。]3．which [考查定语从句。句意：中国六大名茶之一的白茶，因其银白色而得名。本句为定语从句修饰先行词whitetea，且先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故填which。]4．is [考查动词时态。句意：它主要生长在福建和台湾地区，历史悠久，可以追溯到中国古代北宋(960－1127)。根据下文“grownandproduced”可知为被动语态，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为it，故填is。]5．its [\n考查代词。句意：与其他主要品种的茶叶相比，它的特点是清甜可口，形状像银针，深受饮茶者的喜爱。此处修饰名词短语sweettaste应用形容词性物主代词，故填its。]6．enjoying [考查非谓语动词。本句中两个句子的主语为同一主语故可用thus/thereby＋ing(现在分词)引导短语，作结果状语，前面句子表示原因，后面的分词短语表示结果，故填enjoying。]7．drinkers [考查名词的数。结合句意可知表示“饮茶者”应用drinker。且drinker为可数名词，此处数量大于一应用复数形式，故填drinkers。]8．Amazingly [考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，事实证明，经常喝白茶对人的身心健康大有裨益。修饰下文整个句子应用副词，故填Amazingly。]9．struck/stricken [考查非谓语动词。句意：这是因为它不仅可以保护人们免受一些常见疾病的侵袭，还可以有效缓解症状。strike在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语people构成被动，且结合上文frombeing可知为beingdone结构，故填struck/stricken。]10．but [考查固定句式。固定句式notonly...butalso...“不仅……而且……”，故填but。]Ⅳ.短文改错(2020·北海模拟)Onecoldeveningduringtheholidayseason,alittleboyaboutsixorsevenwasstandinginthefrontofastorewindow.Thelittlechildhadnoshoesandhisclothesarejustrags.Ayoungwomanpassesbysawthelittleboyandcouldreadthedesireinhispaleblueeyes.Shetookthechildbythehandandledhimintothestore.Theresheboughthersomenewshoesandacompletesuitofwarmlyclothing.Theywalkedbackintothestreet,sothewomantoldthechildtogohomeandhasahappyholiday.ThelittleboylookedherandaskedhowshewasGod.Shesmiledandrepliedthatshewasjustoneofhischild.[答案] Onecoldeveningduringtheholidayseason,alittleboyaboutsixorsevenwasstandinginfrontofastorewindow.Thelittlechildhadnoshoesandhisclothesjustrags.Ayoungwomanbysawthelittleboyandcouldreadthedesireinhispaleblueeyes.Shetookthechildbythehandandledhimintothestore.Theresheboughtsomenewshoesandacompletesuitofclothing.Theywalkedbackintothestreet,thewomantoldthechildtogohomeandahappyholiday.ThelittleboylookedherandaskedshewasGod.Shesmiledandreplied\nthatshewasjustoneofhis.Ⅴ.书面表达(2020·临沂诊断性考试)假定你是李华，外教Smith先生下周即将来你班任教。请你用英语写一封电子邮件向他介绍你班的基本情况，内容包括：1．班级人数；2．英语学习的现状；3．大家对他教学的建议。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearMrSmith，I'mLiHua,astudentfromClass1,Grade3.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Wearelookingforwardtoyourcoming!Yours，LiHua[参考范文] Dear_Mr_Smith，I'm_Li_Hua,_a_student_from_Class_1,_Grade_3.I'mgladtohearyouwillcometoteachus.Iwillgiveabriefintroductionofourclasstoyou.Thereare60studentsinourclass,including36boysand24girls.MostofusarefondofstudyingEnglish,buttheabilitiesoflisteningandspeakingarerelativelyweak,especiallywhencommunicatingwithforeigners.Althoughtheacademicatmosphereisgreat,wealwayscan'tgetgoodgrades.WehopeyouwillgiveusmoreopportunitiestoexpressourselvesinEnglishandenjoymoreEnglishvideosinclass.Inaddition,ifavarietyofEnglishactivities,suchasEnglishshortplaysandEnglishspeechcontests,canbeheldregularly,ourEnglishwillimprovegreatly.We_are_looking_forward_to_your_coming!Yours,_\nLi_Hua
