课时提能练(四十七)选修8 Unit24 Society(A)Ⅰ.阅读七选五(2020·雄安模拟)Inanysurveyofselfmademillionaires,you'relikelytonoticethekeytotheirsuccessisthattheyneverstoplearning.Sohowdoesonebuildalifelonglearningmindset? 1 Seekoutinformationthatmaybecontrarytowhatyoubelieve.Expandyourhorizons.Challengeyourselftofindabetterway.Youwillfindawayaroundbarriers!Turnmistakesintoopportunities.Thepracticeoflearningfrommistakesisoneofthebestlifelonglearningskillsanyonecanmaster. 2 Theyshowusbetterwaytothinkandwork.Theyalsoprovideinsightsintohiddenknowledgeandawareness.Adoptagrowthmindset.Amindsetthatisinlinewithhowourbrainsreallyworksreallyhelps.Individualswithafixedmindsetbelievetheirintelligenceandtalentsarefixed. 3 Peoplewithagrowthmindsetbelievetheycanimprovethemselvesthroughpractice.Establishgoals.Whatdoyouwanttolearn?Whendoyouwanttolearnit?Everyyearsetgoalsforyourselfonskillsandknowledgeyouwanttoacquire. 4 Besides,Ialwayshavethedailygoaloflearningsomethingnewwhetherthroughreadingorbytalkingtootherpeople.Avoidstress.Asstressincreases,thebodyreleaseschemicalstocauseafearresponse.Thiscreatesanenvironmentinwhichapersonsimplycan'tfocusorwork,letalonelearn.Keepliferelaxedandlearningwillfollow.__5__Therearemanyothertipsforsuccessfullycreatingalearningplan,butthosedon'thaveafightingchanceifyourmindsetispassive.A．Trynewthings.B．Challengeconventionalthinking.C．Thismeanshavingtheendclearlyinmind.D．Thereismuchtolearnfrommakingmistakes.E．Iusuallysetthreebiglearninggoalseachyear.F．Theydon'tthinktheycanimprovewithefforts.G．Thisway,successwillhappenmuchmorenaturally.【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了一个人如何建立终身学习思维方式的方法。1．B [根据空后“Seekoutinformationthatmaybecontrarytowhatyoubelieve.Expandyourhorizons.Challengeyourselftofindabetter\nway.(找出可能与你所相信的相反的信息。拓展你的视野。挑战自己，找到更好的方法。)”可知，B项(挑战传统思维)能够与下文连接通顺。该选项中的challenge在本段的第三句中出现了。故选B项。]2．D [根据空前“Thepracticeoflearningfrommistakesisoneofthebestlifelonglearningskillsanyonecanmaster.(从错误中学习是任何人都可以掌握的最好的终身学习技能之一。)”和空后“Theyshowusbetterwaytothinkandwork.(它们向我们展示了更好的思考和工作方式。)”可知，D项(从错误中可以学习很多东西)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。空格后面的they指代该选项中的mistakes。故选D项。]3．F [根据空前“Individualswithafixedmindsetbelievetheirintelligenceandtalentsarefixed.(思维方式固定的人相信自己的才智和才华是固定的。)”和空后“Peoplewithagrowthmindsetbelievetheycanimprovethemselvesthroughpractice.(拥有成长型思维方式的人认为他们可以通过练习来提高自己。)”可知，F项(他们认为自己无法通过努力得到改善)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的they指的是前一句中的Individualswithafixedmindset。空后的句子所提到的Peoplewithagrowthmindset与选项中的they所指代的Individualswithafixedmindset形成对比。故选F项。]4．E [根据空前“Everyyearsetgoalsforyourselfonskillsandknowledgeyouwanttoacquire.(每年，你要根据自己想要获得的技能和知识为自己设定目标。)”和空后“Besides,Ialwayshavethedailygoaloflearningsomethingnewwhetherthroughreadingorbytalkingtootherpeople.(此外，我每天常通过阅读或与他人交谈来学习新事物。)”可知，E项(我通常每年设定三个主要的学习目标)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的goals在本段中多次出现，是本段的关键词。故选E项。]5．G [根据空前“Keepliferelaxedandlearningwillfollow.(生活中要保持放松然后就可以进行学习。)”可知，G项(这样，成功将自然而然地发生)能够承接上文。该选项中的thisway指的是前一句的做法。故选G项。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·昆明市“三诊一模”摸底诊断测试)AfewyearsagomywifeandItookatriptoCostaRica.Uponarrivalwe__1__acarandheadedforourfirstdestinationwhichwasafewhoursaway.Ihada__2__soIfiguredI'dbeingreatcondition.Afterabout20minutes'driveIfoundmyselfpractically__3__intheunmarkedstreetsanddirtyroads.Upset,Iturnedtothenavigationapponmyphoneforhelp.Itypedthe__4__ofourdestinationonmyphoneandinstantlyit__5__thebestroute(路线)togetthereandwewereonourway.Theonly__6__wasthatthingsdidn'talwaysgothewayIhadthoughttheywould.Withthestreetsnotbeingwell__7__，Iwouldsometimesmissaturnanddrivein\na__8__direction.Luckily,theappnevergot__9__withme.AnytimeImissedaturnitwouldsimply__10__andsay,“Recalculatingtheroute.__11__theroute.”Andwithinafewseconds,itwouldhaveanewroute__12__togetustoourdestination.SometimesthenewroutemeantIhadto__13__totherightturnandsometimesitfoundadifferentroutethattookmynewlocationinto__14__.Eventuallywemadeittoourhotel__15__andenjoyedsomebeautifulsceneryalongtheway.Mostpeoplemakethe__16__ofthinkingthatsuccessandhappinesscomefromsomeonesettingagoalandthen__17__straighttowardsit.The__18__isthatthereisnostraightpathtosuccess.Thereisn'teventhe__19__path.Therearemanypathsthatcangetyoutoyourgoals.Youjusthavetobe__20__torecalculateyourroutewhenyoumissaturnorthereissomethinginyourway.【语篇解读】 作者和妻子旅行时，用手机导航软件辅助导航，即使偶尔走错了路，软件也可以帮助重新规划路线。这一经历让作者明白：在人生旅途中不是只有一条路可以到达目的地，有时也需要重新规划路线。1．A.produced B．repairedC．rentedD．purchasedC [考查动词。根据上文的“AfewyearsagomywifeandItookatriptoCostaRica.”以及下文的“drive”可知，作者和妻子去CostaRica旅行，到达的时候应该是“租”了一辆汽车。produce生产，制造；repair修理；purchase购买，采购。]2．A.carB．phoneC．compassD．mapD [考查名词。根据下文的“soIfiguredI'dbeingreatcondition”可知，因为作者带着“地图”，才会认为自己旅行时不会有问题。此题易误选phone，结合下文的“Iturnedtothenavigationapponmyphone”可知，排除phone。car汽车，compass指南针，罗盘，均不符合语境。]3．A.absorbedB．lostC．experiencedD．freeB [考查形容词。根据下文的“Upset，Iturnedtothenavigationapponmyphoneforhelp.”可知，刚刚开了约20分钟，作者就“迷路了”，因此才会很沮丧。]4．A.addressB．approachC．receiptD．scheduleA [考查名词。根据下文的“ofourdestinationonmyphoneandinstantlyit________thebestroute(路线)toget\nthere”可知，作者迷路之后，使用手机上的导航软件，应该是把“地址”输入到手机中。address地址；approach方式，方法；receipt收据；schedule计划表，时刻表。]5．A.polishedB．discoveredC．openedD．managedB [考查动词。根据上文的“Itypedthe________ofourdestinationonmyphone”和下文的“wewereonourway”可知，作者把地址输入到手机上后，导航立刻“找到了”最佳路线。]6．A.fearB．differenceC．sympathyD．problemD [考查名词。根据下文的“thingsdidn'talwaysgothewayIhadthoughttheywould”可知，这是唯一的“难题”。]7．A.markedB．pavedC．arrangedD．expandedA [考查动词。根据上文的“Ifoundmyself...intheunmarkedstreetsanddirtyroads”及下文的“Iwouldsometimesmissaturn...direction”可知，这些街道没有被好好地“标示”。mark标示；pave铺，铺砌；arrange安排；expand扩大，扩展。]8．A.illegalB．newC．wrongD．potentialC [考查形容词。根据上文的“Iwouldsometimesmissaturn”可推知，作者有时会错过转弯处并往“错误的”方向行驶。illegal违法的；new新的；potential潜在的。]9．A.generousB．madC．concernedD．cautiousB [考查形容词。根据上文的“Luckily”及下文的“AnytimeImissedaturnitwouldsimply________andsay”可知，虽然作者有时候错过转弯和走错方向，但是幸运的是导航从不会生作者的气，mad“生气的”符合语境。generous慷慨的，concerned担心的，cautious谨慎的，均不符合语境。]10．A.breakdownB．cutinC．getupD．goawayB [考查动词短语。根据下文的“andsay”及导航软件的特点可知，此处指软件在作者错过转弯的时候“插话”，告诉作者正确的方向。breakdown坏掉，垮掉；cutin插话，插嘴；getup起身；goaway离开。]11．A.AbandoningB．CancelingC．ReachingD．ChangingD [考查动词。根据上文的“Recalculatingtheroute.”可知，导航软件会\n“改变”路线。abandon抛弃；reach抵达；cancel删除。]12．A.checkedB．updatedC．adjustedD．plannedD [考查动词。根据“itwouldhaveanewroute...toourdestination”可知，导航软件“规划了”新的路线。本题易错选B项和C项，认为此处是指更新或调整了路线，但是注意此处是“haveanewroute”，需要更新和调整的应该是原先的路线。]13．A.pointB．leadC．returnD．applyC [考查动词。根据空后的“totherightturn”可知，由于作者错过了转弯，所以不得不“返回”到正确的岔路口。]14．A.orderB．directionC．accountD．placeC [考查名词。根据“sometimesitfoundadifferentroutethattookmynewlocationinto________”可知，导航重新规划路线的时候会把作者的新位置考虑在内，take...intoaccount意为“把……考虑在内”。order命令；direction方向，指示；place地方。]15．A.safelyB．frequentlyC．hungrilyD．graduallyA [考查副词。根据“Eventuallywemadeittoourhotel________andenjoyedsomebeautifulsceneryalongtheway”可推知，在导航的帮助下，作者和妻子“安全地”回到了酒店。]16．A.mistakeB．excuseC．accidentD．troubleA [考查名词。根据下文的“thinkingthatsuccessandhappiness...andthen________straighttowardsit”以及“thereisnostraightpathtosuccess”可知，作者认为这句话是“错误”的，并不是设定了目标后只管径直“前进”才能获得成功和幸福。]17．A.accumulatingB．withdrawingC．marchingD．fleeingC [考查动词。参见上题解析。accumulate积累，积聚；withdraw撤退，撤回；march行进，前进；flee逃离，逃走。]18．A.answerB．truthC．conditionD．privilegeB [考查名词。根据前面提到的错误观念及下文的“thereisnostraightpathtosuccess”可知，“事实”(truth)是通往成功的路没有笔直的。]19．A.firstB．suitable\nC．accurateD．onlyD [考查形容词。根据下文的“Therearemanypathsthatcangetyoutoyourgoals.”可知，通往成功的路不是“唯一的”。first首要的；suitable合适的；accurate精确的。]20．A.willingB．proudC．anxiousD．ambitiousA [考查形容词。根据前文作者的经历及“recalculateyourroutewhenyoumissaturn...inyourway”可知，错过了转弯或者路遇阻碍的时候，需要你(主观)“愿意”重新规划路线，willing有“愿意，乐意”之意。proud骄傲的；anxious焦急的；ambitious有志向的，有抱负的。]课时提能练(四十八)选修8 Unit24 Society(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2020·兰州十校联考)Positivethinkingisasignificantelementofhappiness.Inordertobecomeapositivethinker,determinationandconsistencyareimportant.Thefirstthingtoknowaboutpositivethinkingisthateveryonecandoit.Withcertaincognitive(认知的)andbehavioralchanges,wecanallbecomepositivethinkers.Anotherimportantfactoristhatbeingapositivethinkerdoesnotmeanyoubecomenumbtoanythingthatisnotworkingproperlyinyourlifeorisnegative—itjustmeansthatyouapproachlifeandfacechallengeswithahealthieroutlook.Insteadofselectivelyattendingtonegativeevents,focusonthepositiveones.Thenpayattentiontothedelayedconsequencesofyourbehaviorratherthantheimmediateones.Forexample,ifajobisnotgoinglikeyouwant,focusonthefactthatyouhaveajobandhowyoucantakeyourtimetomakethesituationbetter.Challengeanyinternalattributionsandseeifyoucompareyourbehaviortostandardsthatareexcessivelyrigidandperfectionistic.Ifso,changetheseandbereasonablewithyourcomparisons.Forexample,ifyouconstantlycompareyourweaknesseswithotherpeople'sstrengths,thenswitchthisandcompareyourselfwiththosewhoaredoingpoorerthanyouaswell.Overall,peoplewhofocusmoreontheirstrengthsthantheirweaknessesbutatthesametimeareawareoftheirweaknesseshaveahealthierselfevaluationresult.Whenfacedwithtoomuchfearaboutasituation,imaginetheworstcaseandvisualizeasolutionforit,thenletgooffear.Thisway,youwillbepreparedforanythingandyourfearwillnotblockyoufrombeingopenandcreativetodifferent\nsolutions.Forexample,ifyouareconstantlyworriedaboutlosingyourjobuptoapointwhereitiscreatingalotofanxietyandfearandiseffectingyourperformanceandyourhappinessnegatively,thenthinkoflosingyourjob,visualizehowyouwillhandleit,findsolutionsinyourmindandthenletgoofthethoughtandthefearattachedtoit.Sopositivethinkersarebetterproblemsolversandhavebetterinteractions.Inadditiontothat,peoplewhoarepositivethinkersarehappierandmoresatisfiedwiththeirlife.【语篇解读】 本文为议论文。积极的思考是幸福的重要组成部分。要想成为一个积极的思考者，决心和毅力必不可少。首先你要知道，每个人都能成为积极思考者。只要改善一定的认知和行为，我们都可以做到。文章论述了如何成为一个积极的思考者。1．Whyispositivethinkingasignificantelementofhappiness?A．Itmeansthatoneisblindtothetroublesanddifficultiesthatexist.B．Itmeansthatoneconstantlycompareseverythingwithotherpeople's.C．Itmeansthatoneisstronginmindandhasnothingtobeafraidof.D．Itmeansthatoneapproacheslifeandfaceschallengesmorehealthily.D [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Anotherimportantfactoristhatbeingapositivethinkerdoesnotmeanyoubecomenumbtoanythingthatisnotworkingproperlyinyourlifeorisnegative—itjustmeansthatyouapproachlifeandfacechallengeswithahealthieroutlook.(另一个重要的因素是，做一个积极的思考者并不意味着你对生活中任何不完美的事情麻木不仁或是带有悲观的色彩——这只是意味着你以一种更健康的态度对待生活和面对挑战。)”可推知，积极思考能让一个人更健康地对待生活和面对挑战，这也是一个人感到幸福的重要因素。故D选项正确。]2．Whatdoesthetextsuggestaboutthejobyoudon'tlike?A．Quittingitandfindingabetterone.B．Keepingandtryingtomakeitbetter.C．Beingnegativeandnumbtoit.D．Challengingyourselfwithanewoutlook.B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Forexample,ifajobisnotgoinglikeyouwant,focusonthefactthatyouhaveajobandhowyoucantakeyourtimetomakethesituationbetter.(例如，如果一份工作不像你想要的那样，把注意力集中在你有一份工作这个事实上，以及你如何花时间让情况变得更好。)”可知，当你有一份不喜欢的工作的时候，你应该坚持并努力让它变得更好。故B选项正确。]3．WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph4?\nA．Bepreparedfortheworst:andletgooffear.B．Beingconstantlyworriedwillloseyourjob.C．Fearwillpreventyoubeingopenandcreative.D．Thereisnothingtofearifwellprepared.A [段落大意题。第四段中的“Whenfacedwithtoomuchfearaboutasituation,imaginetheworstcaseandvisualizeasolutionforit,thenletgooffear.(当面对太多的恐惧时，想象最坏的情况，想象一个解决方案，然后放下恐惧。)”是主题句，也是本段论述的主题。故A选项正确。]4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．HowtofocusonthepositiveeventsB．HowtobeapositivethinkerC．WhattodowhenfacedwithfearD．WhattoknowofselfevaluationB [标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要论述了如何成为一个积极的思考者。因此，B项适合作本文最佳标题。故B选项正确。]Ⅱ.语法填空(2020·平邑一中模拟)1.________(suffer)manyfailures，RioOlympicsgoldmedalisttabletennisplayerDingNingrosetothepeakofhersport.In2006，Ding'srankinginthenationalteamwasthelastbutone，2.________withinseveralyearsofpractice，sheraisedherlevellittlebylittletobecomeChina'snumberoneplayer.Thingsdon'talwaysgoso3.________(smooth).In2010，whentakingpartintheWorldTeamTableTennisChampionshipsinMoscow，Dingwasbeatenbyaduo(搭档)fromSingaporeinthewoman'sdoublesfinal，4.________madeherburstintotears.Theexperiencegaveheraheavyblow.Dryinghereyes，Dingworkedharder5.________(relieve)herselfofthepressureofthefailure.In2011，Dingharvestedherfirstworldchampionshipinthewoman'ssinglesduringtheWorldTableTennisChampionships6.________(hold)inRotterdam，Netherlands，whichhelpedherstepoutoftheshadowoftheMoscow7.________(lose)．However，whenshecompetedduringthe2012LondonOlympics，oneofherplayingtechniques8.________(judge)repeatedlyasabreach(违犯)ofrules.Atlastshereturned9.________asilver.Thesetbacklethersufferaheavierblow.“Butallthesefailuresaremymostpreciousresources.They10.________(give)mealessonabouttabletennis，lifeandhealthygrowth，”saidDing.\n【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了奥运会金牌获得者乒乓球运动员丁宁的有关事迹。丁宁经历过许多失败，但是所有这些挫折都是丁宁最宝贵的资源，它们给她上了有关乒乓球及生活和健康成长的一课。1．Havingsuffered [考查非谓语动词。句意：遭受了许多失败，里约奥运会金牌得主乒乓球运动员丁宁登上了她的运动巅峰。分析句子可知，谓语动词是rose，故suffer用非谓语动词形式作状语，suffer与逻辑主语RioOlympicsgoldmedalisttabletennisplayerDingNing是主动关系，且根据句意遭受许多失败以后登上运动巅峰，故suffer先于谓语动词rose，故用现在分词的完成时，置句首单词首字母大写，故填Havingsuffered。]2．but [考查连词。句意：在2006年，丁宁在国家队的排名是倒数第二，但是在几年的练习中，她逐渐提高了自己的水平，成为中国最好的球员。根据句意，前后文是转折关系，故填but。]3．smoothly [考查副词。句中go为实义动词，表示“进行，进展”，后面应接副词作状语。故填smoothly。]4．which [考查定语从句。这是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语且指的是丁宁在女子双打决赛中被打败这件事，故用关系代词which。故填which。]5．torelieve [考查非谓语动词。句意：丁宁擦干眼泪，更加努力训练以使自己从失败的压力中解脱出来。分析句子可知，此处用不定式作目的状语，故填torelieve。]6．held [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语且修饰theWorldTableTennisChampionships，hold与theWorldTableTennisChampionships之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，动作已经发生，故用过去分词held。故填held。]7．loss [考查名词。介词of后接名词作宾语，故填loss。]8．wasjudged [考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，主语one指代technique是第三人称单数，与谓语动词judge是动宾关系，用被动语态，根据when引导的时间状语从句表示一般过去时，句子使用一般过去时，综上可知，填wasjudged。]9．with [考查介词。句意：她拿着银牌回来了。with表示“带着；拿着”，根据句意，故填with。]10．havegiven [考查动词时态。根据语境可知，所有这些挫折都是丁宁最宝贵的资源，它们给她上了有关乒乓球及生活和健康成长的一课。根据语境可知give这一动作虽然发生在过去，但对现在的丁宁产生了积极的影响，故应用现在完成时。主语是they，助动词要用have。故填havegiven。]Ⅲ.书面表达(2020·济南冲刺卷)假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom对汉语和中国文化很感兴趣。他知道中国人很重视家风传承，在给你的电子邮件中想了解你家的家风以及家风对你的影响。请你给他回复一封电子邮件。\n注意：1．词数100左右，开头与结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．参考词汇：家风familyspirits。DearTom，I'mgladtoknowthatyouarelearningChineselanguageandculture.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely，LiHua[参考范文] Dear_Tom，I'm_glad_to_know_that_you_are_learning_Chinese_language_and_culture.Inyouremailyousaidthatyouwantedtoknowsomethingaboutmyfamilyspirits.Well,therearemanygoodqualitiesthathavebeenpassedfromgenerationtogenerationinmyfamily.Myparentsalwayslaygreatemphasisontheimportanceofhonesty,bravery,perseveranceanddiligenceandtheyhavesetgoodexamplesformeandmybrother.Myfamilyspiritshaveaprofoundinfluenceonme.I'malwaysfriendlytoothersandalwaysreadytohelpothers.IalwayscheerupandneverstopchasingmygoaleventhoughImeetwithdifficulties.Owinggreatthankstothosegoodqualities,Ihavemadegreatachievementsinmystudyandlife.Yours_sincerely，Li_Hua\n
