优点英语专题04阅读理解（社会心理学类说明文）【母题来源】2021年新高考Ⅰ卷DPopularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.1.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.,优点英语B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson’smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.2.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.B【语篇分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。1.细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities(研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。故选D项。2.推理判断题。通过文章第二段“Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.(医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。3.推理判断题。通过文章第三段“theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficial,优点英语thanharmful.…Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchers(宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。1.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectivesfromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.(我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。【试题解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了情商的定义，情商对于人们生活的积极方面和消极方面的作用，以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。文章选材角度独特，涉及社会心理学的世界知识，突显了对人与社会主题情境下的考查。【命题意图】阅读理解从新高考评价体系的角度来讲，旨在多方位多层次从词汇、句式、语篇层面考查学生的思维能力、学科素养和知识储备，考查学生能够读懂说明解释性的文章，要求准确理解文章大意，对细节性信息的做出正确的判断，同时能归纳出文章首段和末段的主题思想和中心意思，来考查学生对整体语篇解读能力，第四篇阅读具有难度大，区分度高的特点，注重考查学生抽象逻辑思维能力，仅推理题就达到了3个之多（包括对于作者态度的推理）。【命题方向】依据普通高中英语课程标准和中国高考评价体系，落实立德树人根本任务，充分发挥高考育人功能和积极导向作用。2021年新高考说明文在4篇阅读理解中占了2篇，可见在高考英语阅读理解题中的重要地位。今年说明文阅读理解内容也是呈现多样化趋势，不同的语篇结构，语义语言结构以及所需相应的阅读策略都有较大差异。阅读理解D篇是考生不熟悉的情绪智力，对考生产生了极大的挑战，试卷呈现出稳中有难的趋势。尤其注重新奇语境下，测试考生的推理能力和独立思维解决问题的能力。【得分要点】本篇阅读理解难度不小，1个细节性题,优点英语，1个作者态度题和2个推理判断题（包括对文章末段的主旨大意题的推理），可见对学生思维能力以及侧重语篇整体解读的考查力度。得分要点提醒：熟悉了解说明文体的特点和出题规律。英语说明文是客观地解释一个事实或道理，对客观事物的性质、特点、功用等做科学解说的。不像记叙文重在情节的叙述和描写,也不像议论文,重在论述主张和列出论点依据，更不像科幻作品富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是旨在使人们增长知识和技能。说明文阅读理解的特征涉及以下几个方面，即Who→What→When→Where→How→Why。1)Who文章的主体是谁?2)What主体做了什么?3)When和Where：何时何地发生?4)How如何表现出来?5)Why为什么?英语说明文的说明顺序主要包括时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序。在说明方法上，旨在阐明事物的概念特征，常用的说明方法有举例、比较、分类、分析因果、列数字、诠释、打比方、下定义、列图表、引用、假设、对比说明相异、类比说明相似等。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，更容易体现高考选拔人才的要求。说明文抽象度高，解题难度增大了。高考对说明文的命题方向多为人与自然、人与社会主题下的自然科普知识，动植物的生存环境与威胁，科技新产品介绍，人的社会心理现象，人文旅游等方面的说明文，且文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子为主。因此考生要准确握说明文的命题规律和特点，以正确的做题方法阅读原文，重点关注文章长难句的句式分析和认知理解，以便做出准确的语意理解。高分应对策略：一确定设问中的目标词；二定位到文章中的提示词；三匹配逻辑关联信息；四善用排除法。1.（2021届山东省潍坊市高三一模考试英语试题）BAnewstudy,publishedthisweekinthejournalFrontiersinVeterinaryScience,revealsthatnon-humananimals'tearsarenotsodifferentfromourown.Thechemicalsimilaritiesaresogreat,infact,thatthecompositionofotherspecies’tears—andhowthey’readaptedtotheirenvironments-mayprovideinsightsintobettertreatmentsforhumaneyedisease.,优点英语Previously,scientistshadstudiedcloselyonlythetearsofahandfulofmammals,includinghumans,dogs,horses,camels,andmonkeys.Inthenewstudy,Brazilianveterinariansanalyzedthetearsofreptilesandbirdsforthefirsttime,focusingonsevenspecies.Tears,whicharereleasedfromteartubes,formafilmovertheeyethat'scomposedofthreeingredients:mucus,waler,andoil.Themucuscoatstheeyessurfaceandhelpstoattachthefilmtotheeye,thewaterisanaturalsaltysolutioncontainingcrucialproteinsandminerals,andtheoilpreventstheeyefromdryingout.Humansaretheonlyknownspeciestoproduceemotionaltears;theexpression“crocodiletears,”whichreferstoaperson’sphonydisplayofemotion,comesfromthemysterioustendencyofcrocodilestoreleasetearsastheyeat.Buttearsplaykeyrolesbeyondweeping,notesLionelSebbagatIowaStateUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedinthenewresearch.Theyhelpwithvisionbylubricatingandclearingtheeye.Theyalsoprotecttheeyeagainstinfectionandprovidenutritiontothecornea,theeye’sclearouterlayer,whichlacksbloodtubes,hesays.Learninghowreptilesandbirds'usetearsmayalsoinspirenewmedicationsforconditionssuchasdryeye,whichoccurswhenteartubesdon’tproduceenoughoil.Thedisease,commonincats,dogs,andpeople,cansometimesleadtoblindness.1.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thesourceoftears.B.Thecompositionoftears.C.Theclassificationoftears,D.Thedefinitionoftears.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“phony”inparagraph4mean?A.Tricky.B.Regretful.C.Cold.D.False.3.WhichstatementdoesLionelSebbagagreewith?A.Weepingcontributestoeyedisease.B.Thecorneahasrichbloodtubes.,优点英语C.Tearsoilandcleartheeyes.D.Moretearsmeanbettervision.4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Tears,abarriertoeyesB.AbettertreatmentforeyediseaseC.Non-humantearspromisenewcuresD.Otherspecies’tearsaresimilartohumans'【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.C【语篇分析】这是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，动物的眼泪与人类的眼泪并没有太大不同，实际上这些眼泪为治愈人类的一些疾病提供了思路。1.主旨大意题。根据第三段“Tears,whicharereleasedfromteartubes,formafilmovertheeyethat'scomposedofthreeingredients:mucus,waler,andoil.Themucuscoatstheeyessurfaceandhelpstoattachthefilmtotheeye,thewaterisanaturalsaltysolutioncontainingcrucialproteinsandminerals,andtheoilpreventstheeyefromdryingout.(眼泪从泪管中释放出来，在眼睛上形成一层薄膜，由三种成分组成：粘液、水和油脂。粘液覆盖了眼睛表面，有助于将眼膜附着在眼睛上。水是一种天然的含盐溶液，含有重要的蛋白质和矿物质，油可以防止眼睛干燥)”可知，第三段主要讲了眼泪的成分。故选B。2.词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“displayofemotion,comesfromthemysterioustendencyofcrocodilestoreleasetearsastheyeat”可知，鳄鱼进食的时候会流泪，所以“鳄鱼的眼泪”指的是一个人虚假的情感表达。即画线词意思是“虚假的”。A.Tricky.狡猾的；B.Regretful.后悔的；C.Cold.寒冷的；D.False.虚假的。故选D。3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Buttearsplaykeyrolesbeyondweeping,notesLionelSebbagatIowaStateUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedinthenewresearch.Theyhelpwithvisionbylubricatingandclearingtheeye.(但爱荷华州立大学的LionelSebbag指出，眼泪在哭泣之外还发挥着关键作用，他没有参与这项新研究。它们通过润滑和清洁眼睛来帮助视力)”可知，C选项“眼泪可以润滑和清洁眼睛”的观点LionelSebbag可能同意。故选C。4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Anewstudy,publishedthisweekinthejournalFrontiersinVeterinaryScience,revealsthatnon-humananimals'tearsarenotsodifferentfromourown.Thechemicalsimilaritiesaresogreat,infact,thatthecompositionofotherspecies'tears—andhowthey'readaptedtotheirenvironments-mayprovideinsightsintobettertreatmentsforhumaneye,优点英语disease.(本周发表在《兽医科学前沿》杂志上的一项新研究表明，动物的眼泪与人类的眼泪并没有太大不同。事实上，它们的化学成分非常相似，以至于其他物种的眼泪的组成以及它们如何适应环境，可能为更好地治疗人类眼病提供了思路)”可知，文章主要介绍的是动物的眼泪为治疗人类眼病提供了思路，C选项“动物的眼泪预示着新的治疗方法”最符合文章标题。故选C。2.（2021届河北省唐山市高三一模英语试题）BTeenswhohavegood,supportiverelationshipswiththeirteachersenjoybetterhealthasadults,accordingtoresearchpublishedbyanAmericanresearchcenter.“Thisresearchsuggeststhatimprovingstudents'relationshipswithteacherscouldhavepositiveandlong-lastingeffectsbeyondjustacademicsuccess,”saidJinhoKim,aprofessoratKoreaUniversityandauthorofthestudy.“Itcouldalsobringabouthealthimplicationsinthelongrun.”Previousresearchhassuggestedthatteens’socialrelationshipsmightbelinkedtohealthoutcomesinadulthood.However,itisnotclearwhetherthelinkbetweenteenrelationshipsandlifetimehealthiscausal（因果的）-itcouldbethatotherfactors,suchasdifferentfamilybackgrounds,mightcontributetobothrelationshipproblemsinadolescenceandtopoorhealthinadulthood.Also,mostresearchhasfocusedonteens’relationshipswiththeirpeers（同龄人）,ratherthanontheirrelationshipswithteachers.Toexplorethosequestionsfurther,Kimanalyzeddataonnearly20,000participantsfromtheAddHealthstudy,anationalstudyintheU.S.thatfollowedparticipantsfromseventhgradeintoearlyadulthood.Theparticipantpoolincludedmorethan3,400pairsofsiblings（兄弟姐妹）.Asteens,participantsansweredquestions,like“Howoftenhaveyouhadtroublegettingalongwithotherstudentsandyourteachers?”Asadults,participantswereaskedabouttheirphysicalandmentalhealth.Kimfoundthatparticipantswhohadreportedbetterrelationshipswithboththeirpeersandteachersinmiddleandhighschoolalsoreportedbetterphysicalandmentalhealthintheirmid-20s.However,whenhecontrolledforfamilybackgroundbylookingatpairsofsiblingstogether,onlythelinkbetweengoodteacherrelationshipsandadulthealthremainedsignificant.Theresultssuggestteacherrelationshipsaremoreimportantthanpreviouslyrealizedandthat,优点英语schoolsshouldinvestintrainingteachersonhowtobuildwarmandsupportiverelationshipswiththeirstudents.“Thisisnotsomethingthatmostteachersreceivemuchtrainingin,”Kimsaid,“butitshouldbe.”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“implications”inParagraph2referto?A．Recipes.B．Habits.C．Benefits.D．Risks.2.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Poorhealthinadolescence.B．Limitationsofthepreviousresearch.C．Teens’relationshipswiththeirpeers.D．Factorsaffectinghealthinadulthood.3.WhatdoesKim'sresearchshow?A．Goodadulthealthdependsonteens'goodteachers.B．Goodfamilybackgroundpromiseslong-termadulthealth.C．Healthypeerrelationshipsleadstostudents'academicsuccess.D．Positivestudent-teacherrelationshiphelpsstudents'adulthealth.4．Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A．Ahealthmagazine.B．Amedicalreport.C．Atermpaper.D．Afamilysurvey.【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A【语篇分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍根据美国研究中心发表的一项研究，与老师有良好的支持性关系的青少年成年后健康状况更好。1.词义猜测题。根据第二段“‘Thisresearchsuggeststhatimprovingstudents'relationshipswithteacherscouldhavepositiveandlong-lastingeffectsbeyondjustacademicsuccess,"saidJinhoKim,aprofessoratKoreaUniversityandauthorofthestudy."Itcouldalsobringabouthealthimplicationsinthelongrun.’”（该研究的作者、高丽大学教授Jinho,优点英语Kim说:“这项研究表明，改善学生与老师的关系除了学业上的成功之外，还能产生积极而持久的影响。”“从长远来看，它还会对健康产生影响）得知，此处说的是提升与老师关系融洽对学生健康有益，由此可知画线词词义为“益处”，故选C。1.主旨大意题。根据第三段“However,itisnotclearwhetherthelinkbetweenteenrelationshipsandlifetimehealthiscausal（因果的）-itcouldbethatotherfactors,suchasdifferentfamilybackgrounds,mightcontributetobothrelationshipproblemsinadolescenceandtopoorhealthinadulthood.”（然而,目前尚不清楚是否青少年人际关系和终身健康之间的联系是因果的)——可能是其他因素,如不同的家庭背景,可能导致关系问题在青春期和成年健康状况不佳）得知，第三段主要在说先前研究的局限性，故选B。2.细节理解题。根据第五段“Kimfoundthatparticipantswhohadreportedbetterrelationshipswithboththeirpeersandteachersinmiddleandhighschoolalsoreportedbetterphysicalandmentalhealthintheirmid-20s.”（Kim发现，那些在初中和高中与同龄人和老师关系都较好的参与者，在他们25岁左右的时候，身体和心理健康状况也较好）得知，积极的师生关系帮助学生成年时健康，故选D。3.推理判断题。根据第二段“Teenswhohavegood,supportiverelationshipswiththeirteachersenjoybetterhealthasadults,accordingtoresearchpublishedbyanAmericanresearchcenter.”（根据美国研究中心发表的一项研究，与老师有良好的支持性关系的青少年成年后健康状况更好）得知，关于学生身心健康的研究可能来自健康杂志，故选A。3.（2021届河南省新乡市高三二模英语试题）BTherearemanytherapies(疗法)fordepression,includingmedicaltreatment,psychotherapyandtalktherapy.Havingarangeoftreatmentchoicesisagoodideabecausenosingletreatmentworksequallywellforeachofmillionsofsufferers.Choosingthemostsuitabletreatmentisimportanttothem.Nowresearcherssayanewtherapyproventorelievedepressionshouldbeaddedtotheestablishedtreatments.It'scallednaturetherapy.“Interactingwithnaturecanhave,优点英语positiveeffectsonthosewithdepression,”saysEthanKross,PhD,anexpertwhohasstudiedthenaturedepressionlink.Alittleexposuretonaturehelpsallofusgetourenergyback,anditmayhavespecialbenefitforthosewhoaredepressed.“Itseemsthat,fromourwork,therestorativeeffectofnatureseemstobestrongerforindividualswithdepression,”saysMarcBerman,PhD,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofChicago.Thatmightbebecausetheyfeelmentallyexhausted,andbeinginnaturereenergizesthem.However,DrBermanhasastrongwarning.“We’renotarguingthatinteractingwithnatureshouldreplaceclinicallyproventreatmentsfordepression,”hesays,“Norshouldthosewithclinicaldepressiontrytotreatthemselves.”However,Bermanandotherssay,interactionswithnaturecouldserveasaveryeffectivesupplementarytreatment.Comparedtoadultswithdepressionwalkingfor50minutesinanurbansetting,thosewhotooka50minutewalkinanaturalsettingwerelessdepressedandhadbettermemoryskills.Whydoesnatureholdthisspecialeffect?Bermansays,“Inanaturalenvironment,wecanchoosetothinkornot,andthischoiceisbelievedtohelpusrestourbrains.Youcanthenpayattentionlater,whenyouneedto.”Headds,“Itgivespeoplemoreabilitytoconcentrate,whichisabigproblemforthosewithdepression.”Natureprovidesaneffectivesettingforrestingourbrains,unlikeurbansetting.Eveninthemostpeacefulurbanenvironment,youhavetopayattentiontosuchthingsastrafficandstoplights.1.Whatcanwelearnaboutdepressiontherapiesfromparagraph1?A．Theyfocusonphysicalactivity.B．Theypaynoattentiontointeractions.C．Theymainlydependonnaturalenvironment.D．Theyneedtobetailoredtodifferentpatients.2.Howdoesnaturebenefitpatientswithdepression?A．Bymakingthemfeelenergetic.B．Byremindingthemtorestintime.C．Bytakingtheplaceofclinictreatment.D．Bycoveringuptheirmentalproblems.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“supplementary"inparagraph3probablymean?,优点英语A．Additional.B．Traditional.C．Controversial.D．Essential.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Anurbansettingofrestoringenergy.B．Thepositiveroleofnatureintreatingdepression.C．Thepopularityofusingmultiplewaystotreatdiseases.D．Aneffectivereplacementofclinicaltherapyfordepression.【答案】1．D2．A3．A4.B【语篇分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型治疗抑郁症的方法——自然疗法。大自然为我们的大脑提供了一个有效的休息环境。1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Havingarangeoftreatmentchoicesisagoodideabecausenosingletreatmentworksequallywellforeachofmillionsofsufferers.Choosingthemostsuitabletreatmentisimportanttothem.”（有一系列的治疗选择是一个好主意，因为没有一种单一的治疗方法对数百万患者都同样有效。选择最合适的治疗方法对他们来说很重要。）可知，对于抑郁症的治疗方法需要为不同的病人量身定制。故选D项。2.细节理解题。根据第二段“Alittleexposuretonaturehelpsallofusgetourenergyback,anditmayhavespecialbenefitforthosewhoaredepressed.”（接触一下大自然有助于我们恢复精力，对那些抑郁的人可能有特别的好处。）可知，自然通过让他们感到精力充沛来帮助抑郁症患者。故选A项。3.词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段伯曼博士的警告“We'renotarguingthatinteractingwithnatureshouldreplaceclinicallyproventreatmentsfordepression,"hesays,“Norshouldthosewithclinicaldepressiontrytotreatthemselves.”（他说：“我们并不是说与自然互动应该取代临床证明的治疗抑郁症的方法，临床抑郁症患者也不应该尝试自我治疗。”）以及第三段开头的However可知，与自然的互动可以作为一种非常有效的辅助治疗。所以supplementary指的是额外的辅助的意思。故选A项。4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“"Interactingwithnaturecanhavepositiveeffectsonthosewithdepression,"saysEthanKross,PhD,anexpertwhohasstudiedthenaturedepression,优点英语link.”（“与自然互动对抑郁症患者有积极的影响，”EthanKross博士说，他是一位研究自然抑郁症联系的专家。）及全文可知，本文主要讲述的是自然在治疗抑郁症中的积极作用。故选B项。
