A卷——小题夯基练Ⅰ.语境填词1．Thereportfoundthatdrinkingaproperamountofgreenteacanbepartofahealthydiet(饮食)．2．Manypeopleexperiencedifficultyinpayingofftheirdebts(债务)．3．Ifyouplaceanordernow,wewillgiveyoua5%discount(折扣)．4．Notknowinghowtomakeaproperchoiceaboutthatthing,Tomdecidedtoconsult(咨询)Mr.Black.5．Itisverycommontoeatraw(生的)vegetablesinsomeWesterncountries.6．Infact,itishardformostpeopletobalance(权衡)theirworkandlifegoalsinmodernsociety.7．Ithinkthegirlwhowashonestlied(说谎)tome,whichmademedisappointment.8．Forthesakeofyourhealth,you'dbetternoteatfoodwhichishardtodigest(消化)beforesleeping.Ⅱ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1．(2020·天津卷7月)Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosity(curious)anddiscontentandkeepthemawake.2．Keepingabalanced(balance)dietandtakingexercisesregularlyarerecognizedashealthylifestyles.3．Asagoodteacher,youshouldknowyourstudents'strengths(strength)andweaknesses.4．(2020·浙江卷7月读后续写)Heexposedhissharpteeth,glaring(glare)atusasheranforward.5．Thebeautifulscenery,combined(combine)withlovelyweatheranddeliciousfood,madeourvisittoQingdaopleasantandunforgettable.6．Lucywillimproveherhealthifsheeatslessfried(fry)foodandsnackfood.Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)1．Learntocombineyourknowledgewith/andexperience，andyouaresureto,succeed.2．ThankstoYuanLongping'sgreatwork,millionsofpeoplecanbenefitfrom/byhisextraordinarywork.3．Heturnedupyesterday,aimingtoconsultwithhisfriendaboutthematter.4．Noonecouldperformbetter(well)thantheathletewhoachievedgreatsuccessintheOlympicGames.5．ThedoctortoldBobhisheartwasinpoorconditionandthathemustcutdownonalcoholandsmoking.6．Thereisnolimittowhatcanbeaccomplishedwhennoonecareswhogetsthehonour.Ⅳ.易错误用(改正下列语句中的错误，每句最多两处错误)1．Ithinkhealthlieswithexercise,whichcanbuildupourstrengths.Besides,inordertokeephealthy,wealsoshouldcombineproperexercisewithabalancediet.Lastbutnotleast,weshouldcutuptheamountoffastfoodweeateveryday,whichcanbeofgreatbenefitforus.Ibelievethatnomedicineisgoodthanexerciseandhealthydiets.答案：第一句：with→in;strengths→strength；第二句：balance→balanced；第三句：up→down；for→to；第四句：good→better2．Asweallknow,thereisnolimittohelpthepeopleintrouble.答案：help→helping3．Whynotgavehimachancetoadmirethescenerywithyou?答案：gave→give4．Thetwoyoungmenjuststoodthere,glaredateachotherandsayingnothing.答案：glared→glaring5．Atpresent,neitherhenoryouishavingfunwithchildren.答案：is→areⅤ.完成句子/句型转换/一句多译1．(2018·北京卷满分作文)你应该在来之前学一些基本的汉语，这可能会使你适应北京的生活。You_ought_to_learn_some_basic_Chinesebeforeyoucome,whichmaymakeyou,adjustyourselftothelifeinBeijing.2．(全国卷Ⅰ)文章的长度应限制在400词左右。Thelengthofthearticleshould_be_limited_to_400_words_or_so．3．均衡饮食并且养成早睡早起的好习惯对我们来说很重要。It'sveryimportantforustokeep_a_balanced_diet_and_form_the_good_habit_ofgoingtobedearlyandgettingupearly.4．Whataninterestingnovel！Ihaveneverreadamoremovingone.→It's_the_most_moving_novel_thatIhaveeverread.(it作形式主语)5．练中国功夫不仅能增强体质，还能培养一个人的品质。①PractisingChinesekungfucannot_only_build_up_one's_strength_but_alsodevelopone'scharacter.②Not_only_can_practising_Chinese_kungfu_build_up_one's_strength_but_alsodevelopone'scharacter.(倒装句)B卷——大题提能练Ⅰ.阅读理解ARecentfindingshaveshownthatourappetiteandfoodintakeareinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesourbiologicalneedforenergy,includingoureatingenvironmentandourperception(感知)ofthefoodinfrontofus.Anewstudysuggestedthatourshorttermmemorymayalsoplayaroleinappetite.Severalhoursafterameal,people'shungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchthey'deatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey'dseeninfrontofthem—inotherwords,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.Thisdifferencesuggeststhememoryofourpreviousmealmayhaveabiggerinfluenceonourappetitethantheactualsizeofthemeal,saysJeffreyM．Brunstrom,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUniversityofBristol.“Hungerisn'tcontrolledmerelybythephysicalcharacteristicsofarecentmeal.Wehaveidentifiedanindependentroleformemoryforthatmeal.”Brunstromsays.“Thisshowsthattherelationshipbetweenhungerandfoodintakeismorecomplexthanwethought.”Thesefindingsechoearlierresearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodcansometimestrickourbody'sresponsetothefooditself.Ina2016study,forinstance,,peoplewhodrankthesame380caloriemilkshakeontwoseparateoccasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhungerrelatedhormones(荷尔蒙),dependingonwhethertheshake'slabelsaiditcontained620or140calories.Moreover,theparticipantsreportedfeelingmorefillwhentheythoughtthey'dconsumedahighercaloricshake.1．Whataffectsourappetiteaccordingtothenewstudy?A．Howmuchweremembereating.B．Whattimeweeatourlastmeal.C．Howmuchweeatourlastmeal.D．Whatingredientsthefoodcontains.2．Theunderlinedword“echo”inthelastparagraphcanbebestreplacedby“________”．A．indicateB．reflectC．aresupportedbyD．areimprovedby3．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Goodeatinghabitscontributetoourhealth.B．Eatingspeedoftenaffectsourfooddigestion.C．Psychologicalfactorsinfluenceourhungerlevels.D．Ourbiologicalneedforenergydeterminesourfoodintake.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们的食欲和食物摄取受到包括环境和对食物的认知等诸多因素的影响，并且引用相关科学研究论证这些影响因素，特别指出饮食环境、对食物的记忆、食物包装上的标签对人产生的心理暗示作用影响饮食。1．A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Severalhoursafterameal,people'shungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchthey'deatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey'dseeninfrontofthem—inotherwords,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.”可知，人们的饥饿程度不是由他们吃了多少而是他们在面前看到了多少食物——也就是记得吃了多少来预测的。故选A。2．C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Thisshowsthattherelationshipbetweenhungerandfoodintakeismorecomplexthanwethought.”和第四段中的,“Thesefindingsechoearlierresearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodcansometimestrickourbody'sresponsetothefooditself.”可知，这表明饥饿和食物摄入之间的关系比我们想象中要复杂，这些发现就……了之前的研究，该研究表明有时我们对食物的感知会欺骗我们身体对食物本身的反应。由句意推测画线单词的意思是“一致、呼应”。故选C。3．C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容和第一段中的“Recentfindingshaveshownthatourappetiteandfoodintakeareinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesourbiologicalneedforenergy,includingoureatingenvironmentandourperception(感知)ofthefoodinfrontofus.”可知，本文主要介绍了影响人们食欲的心理因素。故选C。B(2021·东北三省四市高考模拟二)Untillastyear,Borriswouldneverturndownaporksteak.Bythetimehisowner,AnnemarieFormoy,enteredhiminthePDSAPetFitClubcompetition,hewas28kg—almostdoublehisrecommendedweight.Thankstoatailoredsixmonthdietandexercise,heisnow7kglighter.Borris,athisheaviest,wasnotalone.Theworldwiderateofpetobesity(肥胖症)liesbetween22%and44%.Thereasonsarefairlypredictable.Ownersofoverweightdogsfeedthemmoresnacksandtableleftovers,aremorelikelytohavetheirpetspresentastheypreparetheirownmealsandarelesslikelytowalkthemdaily.Ownersofobesecatstendtousefoodasarewardandplaywiththemless.Butobesityalsoseemstobeoccurringeveninsomewildanimalsthataren'tbeingoverfedorunderexercised.Ifthesefindingsaretrue,somethingelsemustbedrivingobesityanduncoveringthosecouldhelpsolveourownproblemswiththecondition.“Labradorsareconsistentlytheheadlineactwhenitcomestooverweightdogs，”,saysEleanorRaffan,aveterinarianandgeneticist.Sheandfellowresearchersdiscoveredthatageneticmutation(基因变异)presentinaroundaquarterofLabradorswasassociatedwithobesity.Foreachcopyofthemutation—whichoccurredinagenecalledPOMC—adogwasabout2kgheavier.Mostoftheanimalstheresearchersstudiedhadonecopyofthemutation,butfewerhadtwo.“Thesedogsarealwaysinthekitchenwhenownersarepreparingfood,stickingaroundscouring_a_titbitevenifthere'snotmuchchanceofgettingfood,oreatingdisgustingstuffonwalks，”Raffansays.“Butthey'renotdoingthatbecauseit'sfun.They'redoingitbecausethey'rehungry.”That'sbecausePOMCmutationsdisturbthebrain'sfunctionofcontrollingfoodintakeandenergyconsumption.Asaresult,thebehaviouroftheseLabradorsbecomesveryfoodmotivated.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。全球宠物肥胖率在22%到44%之间，弄清楚宠物肥胖的原因对人类应对肥胖问题也很有启发。4．WhatisthefunctionofmentioningBorrisinthebeginning?A．Stressobesityiscommoninpets.B．Showpeople'sloveforpets.C．Revealpetshaveasuperiorlifestyle.D．Indicatetheneedforpetstoloseweight.A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，文章开头提及肥胖的博里斯被其主人送去参加宠物健身俱乐部大赛以帮助其减肥，再结合第二段开头的“Borris,athisheaviest,wasnotalone.”可知，博里斯并不是个案，由此可推知文章第一段举博里斯的例子的作用是强调宠物肥胖很常见。故选A。5．Howisparagraph2mainlydeveloped?A．Bylistingfigures.B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byanalyzingcauses.D．Bymakingcomparisons.C 解析：写作手法题。根据第二段内容，尤其是“Thereasonsarefairly,predictable.”可知，本段先指出全球宠物肥胖率在22%到44%之间，然后分析这一现象的原因。故选C。6．WhyareLabradorsrankedfirstamongobesedogs?A．Theytendtobelazybynature.B．TheyallcarryPOMCgenes.C．Theirownersoftenoverfeedthem.D．ManyofthemhavePOMCmutations.D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ageneticmutation(基因变异)presentinaroundaquarterofLabradorswasassociatedwithobesity.Foreachcopyofthemutation—whichoccurredinagenecalledPOMC—adogwasabout2kgheavier.”可知，约有四分之一的拉布拉多犬体内的基因变异与肥胖相关。这种变异发生在名为POMC的基因中，该基因每发生一次变异，狗就会增重约2公斤。故选D。7．Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpartinparagraph5?A．Lookforsomethingtoeat.B．Takeupthekitchen.C．Getsomethingdown.D．Makeuptotheirowners.A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“Thesedogsarealwaysinthekitchenwhenownersarepreparingfood,stickingaround”“evenifthere'snotmuchchanceofgettingfood,oreatingdisgustingstuffonwalks”“They'redoingitbecausethey'rehungry.”可知，画线部分所在句是说：这些狗在主人准备食物的时候，经常待在厨房里，四处转悠着寻找吃的，即使没什么机会得到一口吃的，或者在路上捡一些令人作呕的东西吃。因此可知，画线部分的含义应是“寻找吃的”，故选A。Ⅱ.七选五(2021·烟台高考诊断性测试)TheSlowFoodMovementstartedinRome,Italyin1986.WhenanewMcDonald'swasopeningnearabeautifulhistoricplace,somepeoplestoodoutsidetherestaurantandshouted,“Wedonotwantfastfood.Wewantslow,food！”1．________OnedayCarloPetriniwenttoarestauranttoeatatraditionalmeal.Butthefooddidn'ttastethesameasheremembered.Helearnedthatthepepperswereshippedfromabroadbecausethepriceswerelow.ThisdeeplyconcernedCarlo.Carlowantedpeopletocareaboutwheretheirfoodscamefromandhowtheirfoodsmadetheirculturespecial.Sohestartedagrouptoencouragethisidea.ItsoonbecametheSlowFoodMovement.2.________First,whatisgoodfood?Goodfoodisfresh.Thevegetablesareeatenclosetotheplacewheretheyaregrown.Thefishhasn'tbeensittingfordaysbeforeitiseaten.Goodfoodisseasonable.3.________Goodfoodsatisfiesthesenses.Itshouldlookgood,smellgoodandtastegood.Andfinally,goodfoodisculturalfood.Eachcountryhasspecialfoodsthatmakeitdifferent.Second,foodshouldbeclean.Today,therearegreatconcernsaboutthewaypeoplegrowandproducefood.Farmersusechemicalstokillinsectsandfeedplants.Butthechemicalscanalsoharmthenaturalenvironmentaroundfarms.4.________Cleanfoodmeansfoodthatdoesnotharmourbodiesortheenvironment.Andthird,foodshouldbefair.5.________Allpeopleshouldbeabletopurchasehealthyfood.Thepeoplewhogrowandmakefoodshouldbepaidfairlyfortheirwork.Theyshouldworkinsafe,healthyconditions.A．Foodshouldnotcosttoomuchmoney.B．Itsgoalistohavegood,clean,fairfoodforallpeople.C．Overtime,theycancausehealthproblemsinpeopletoo.D．ThatwashowtheSlowFoodMovementcameintobeing.E．Itshouldbegrownatthebesttimeoftheyearforthatfood.F．TodaytheSlowFoodMovementhasalreadyexpandedoutofItaly.G．Thiseventwasn'ttheonlythingthatstartedtheSlowFoodMovement.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了兴起于意大利的“慢食运动”及其目的。1．G 解析：上文提到当一家快餐店在历史名城罗马开业后，一些人坚决抵制而发起了“慢食运动”；下文是卡洛·彼得里尼在餐馆尝出来自国外的辣椒的口感与传统的不同而集结了一群人并发起了“慢食运动”,。所以空处应该是说除了前面提到的那件事，还有一件事促使“慢食运动”的兴起。故G项符合语境。2．B 解析：本段说明卡洛·彼得里尼发起了“慢食运动”，下面三段分层次说了食物应该质量优良、清洁和价格合理。故此空填B选项，说明该运动的目的是让人们有质量优良、清洁、价格合理的食物，且B选项与下文对应。3．E 解析：空前说好的食物应该是合时令的。所以此空应该与食物生长的时令有关，故E项符合语境。4．C 解析：空前说化学物质会损害农场周围的自然环境。下文说清洁的食物不会伤害人的身体或者环境。所以此空应该是说化学物质对人体也有伤害。5．A 解析：空前说食物应该价格公道，空后说所有人应该都能买健康的食物。所以此空应该说食物不应该太昂贵。Ⅲ.语法填空IoncemadeaseriousmistakeinmylifeandIwillneverforgetit.Mydeskmateisaboyfromthecountryside,andhealwaysadmiresmyfluentEnglishverymuchandIusuallyfeel1.____________(encourage)byhiscompliments(赞美)．Oneday,2.____________welearnedthenewword“eccentric”inclass,we3.____________(ask)tomakeasentencewithit.Ivolunteeredtodoitbysaying“Mydeskmateisaneccentricboy4.____________clothesneverfithim.”Hearingthis,thewholeclassburstinto5.____________(laugh)andmydeskmate'sfaceturnedred.6.____________class,Ilearnedfromtheteacherthatmydeskmate7.____________(drop)outofschoolifhehadn'tbeenhelpedbyothers.Mymindlesswordsmusthavehurthim8.____________(deep)．NotuntilthendidIrealizethatwordscouldbepowerful9.____________bothpositiveandnegativeways.Whatweshouldalwaysrememberisthatweshouldtryourbestnot10.____________(hurt)othersifwecan'talwaysbeencouragingwhenwespeak.【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了作者在人生中犯了一个严重的错误，一句无心的话语深深地伤害了他的同桌的故事。1．encouraged 解析：考查形容词。feel为系动词，后跟形容词，故填,encouraged。2．when 解析：考查从属连词。分析句子及上下文语境可知，所填词引导时间状语从句，故填when。3．wereasked 解析：考查动词的语态和时态。我们是被要求用eccentric造句，所以应用被动语态，又因事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。4．whose 解析：考查关系代词。所填词引导定语从句，并表示所属关系，故用whose。5．laughter 解析：考查名词。burstintolaughter意为“放声大笑”，为固定搭配。6.After 解析：考查介词。此处指“下课后”，afterclass为固定表达。7．wouldhavedropped 解析：考查虚拟语气。从ifhehadn'tbeenhelpedbyothers可知，此处是过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气，主句谓语为“would/should/might/couldhave＋过去分词”，从句用“had＋过去分词”。8．deeply 解析：考查副词。此处意为：我无心的话语一定深深地伤害了他。deep作副词指具体事物的深度，修饰带有感情色彩的动词通常用deeply。9．in 解析：考查介词。表示“通过某种方式”通常用in...way。10．tohurt 解析：考查动词不定式。tryone'sbesttodosth.意为“尽某人最大的努力做某事”，为固定用法。
