北京市房山区房山中学2022届高三英语寒假作业：定语从句知识目标：定语从句知识梳理：定语从句的种类：___________________________,__________________________________关系代词：关系副词：只能用that的情况：不能用that的情况：As和which引导的非限定性定语从句的区别：Where的特殊用法：Whose的用法：学习定语从句应注意的几个问题：定语从句又称为关系从句，是最常见的从句之一。每年高考题对之均有考查，下面谈一谈定语从句在教学中几个值得注意的问题，供大家参考。一、定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性1.定语从句中关系代词一般应与它所指代的先行词的单复数保持主谓一致2.如果"oneof+复数名词"后跟有定语从句，一般情况下"oneof"后的复数名词为先行词，但当one前有theonly,thevery,justthe修饰时，先行词则为one二、定语从句与同位语从句定语从句相当于形容词，它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用，而同位语从句则相当于名词，它对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释，即说明该词所表示的具体内容。知识巩固练习1.Isthisthemuseum_____youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone2.Isthismuseum_____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone3.—Howdoyoulikethebook?—It’squitedifferentfrom_____Ireadlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat4.Coulditbeintheroom_____wehadatalklastnight_____youleftyourkey?A.that;whereB.where;whenC.where;thatD.inwhich;where5.Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop_____toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.A.thatB.inwhichC.bywhichD.how7\n6.We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint_____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which7.—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?—Yes，there’sonepoint_____wemustinsistonA.whyB.whereC.howD./8.It’sthethirdtime_____latethismonth.A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived9.Heoftenhelpsthestudents_____hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.A.whomB.whoC.whenD.because10.TheSecondWorldWar_____millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.A.whenB.duringthatC.inwhichD.which11.Hewasbornintheyear_____theAnti-JapaneseWarbrokeout.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.duringwhich12.Mr.Crossettwillneverforgettheday_____hespentwithhisvariousstudents.A.whenB.whichC.duringwhichD.onwhich13.Haveyouaskedherforthereason_____mayexplainherabsence?A.whyB.thatC.becausethatD.what14.WearegoingtospendtheSpringfestivalinGuangzhou,_____livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where15.Thehotel_____duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.A.westayedatB.wherewestayedatC.westayedD.inthatwestayed能力提高练习一、完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。OneafternoonItouredanartmuseumwhilewaitingformyhusbandtofinishabusinessmeeting．Iwaslookingforwardtoaquiet36ofthesplendidartwork．Ayoung_37_viewingthepaintingsaheadofme_38__nonstopbetweenthemselves．Iwatchedthemamomentanddecidedtheladywasdoingallthetalking．Iadmiredtheman's39forputtingupwithher40streamofwords．41bytheirnoise,Imovedon．ImetthemseveraltimesasImoved42thevariousroomsofart．EachtimeIheardhercontinuousflowofwords,Imovedaway43.Iwasstandingatthecounterofthemuseumgiftshopmakinga44whenthecoupleapproachedthe45．Beforetheyleft,theman46intohispocketandpulledoutawhiteobject．He47itintoalongstickandthen48hiswayintothecoatroomtogethiswife'sjacket．7\n"He'sa49man,"theclerkatthecountersaid．"Mostofuswouldgiveupifwewereblindedatsuchayoungage．Duringhisrecovery,hemadeapromisehislifewouldn'tchange．So,asbefore,heandhiswifecomein50thereisanewartshow．""Butwhatdoeshegetoutoftheart?"Iasked．"Hecan'tsee．""Can'tsee!You're51．Heseesalot．MorethanyouandIdo,"theclerksaid．"Hiswife52eachpaintingsohecanseeitinhishead．"Ilearnedsomethingaboutpatience,53andlovethatday．Isawthepatienceofayoungwifedescribingpaintingstoapersonwithout54andthecourageofa''husbandwhowouldnot55blindnesstochangehislife．AndIsawthelovesharedbytwopeopleasIwatchedthiscouplewalkaway,theirarmsintertwined．36．A．viewB．touchC．wanderD．stare37．A．ladyB．coupleC．manD．clerk38．A．yelledB．arguedC．screamedD．chatted39．A．attemptB．independenceC．patienceD．wisdom40．A．constantB．vividC．casualD．vague41．A．AdoptedB．AdaptedC．DisturbedD．Conducted42．A．fromB．toC．towardsD．through43．A．anxiouslyB．quicklyC．urgentlyD．sensibly44．A．commentB．purchaseC．decisionD．profit45．A．exitB．entranceC．frontD．queue46．A．pluggedB．reachedC．heldD．bent47．A．lengthenedB．madeC．broughtD．broadened48．A．ledB．foundC．tappedD．forced49．A．generousB．roughC．smartD．brave50．A．whereverB．whateverC．wheneverD．whichever51．A．uniqueB．sillyC．equalD．wrong52．A．decoratesB．drawsC．shovesD．describes53．A．kindnessB．prideC．courageD．enthusiasm54．A．sightB．supportC．expectationD．confidence55．A．getB．allowC．hopeD．cause二、阅读理解AShoppingintheUnitedStateschangesalot．Aboutninetyyearsagomostpeopleshoppedinsmallstoresthatwereownedbyonepersonorafamily．Womenwentfromthebakerytothebutcher'stothegrocerandontothefruitandvegetablesellerinordertogettheirfoodfortheweek．Thenaboutsixtyyearsago,supermarketswereborn．Inasupermarket,peoplecouldgetallthedifferentkindsoffoodtheyneededwithoutgoingtodifferentstores．ThenextbigchangeinshoppingintheUnitedStateswastheshoppingmall．Ashoppingmallisagroupofstoresunderoneroof．Becausemallsallowedpeopletoshopwithoutworryingabouttheweather,theysoonbecameverypopular．Themallbecameaplaceforpeopletosocializeinadditiontoshopping．Ifyouwalkthroughamall,youwillseeolderpeoplesitting,chatting7\nanddrinkingcoffee．Mallsareplacesforteenagerstohangout．Manyteenswilloftenjust"gotothemall"andspendtimewiththeirfriends．TherecentchangeinAmericanshoppingwasthesuperstore．LargechainstoressuchasWal-Mart,OfficeDepotandToys"R"UshavebeenbuiltallacrosstheUnitedStates．Becausetheyaresolarge,theycanbuygoodsatagreatdiscountandsellthemmuchcheaperthansmallerstores．Sometimes,whentheyarebuiltnearsmalltowns,manyofthesmalltownstoreshavetoclose．Theyjustcannotcompetewiththeirgiantneighbors．Andnow,onlineshoppingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularallovertheStates．Peoplearetoobusytogotothephysicalstores,sotheygoshoppingovertheInternet．Onlineshoppinghaslotsofadvantages．Forinstance,onlinestoresareusuallyavailable24hoursaday．Searchingorbrowsingonlineshopscanbefasterthanbrowsingthephysicalstores．While,onlineshoppingalsohasitsdisadvantages．Peopleareathigherriskofbeingcheatedonthepartofthemerchantthaninaphysicalstore．Andprivacyofpersonalinformationmaybeletout．56．WhichofthefollowingshowstherightorderofshoppingdevelopmentintheUnitedStates?①smallstores②superstores③shoppingmalls④shoppingonline⑤supermarketsA．①②③④⑤B．①⑤②③④C．①⑤③②④D．②③④①⑤57．Whichistheplaceforpeopletospendtimewithothersaccordingtothepassage?A．Shoppingmalls．B．Smallstores．C．Supermarkets．D．Superstores．58．Whycanthesuperstoressellproductsatmuchlowerprices?A．Becausetheyarebuiltnearsmalltowns．B．BecausetheyareacrosstheUnitedStates．C．Becausetheysellallkindsofproductspeopleneed．D．Becausetheycanbuygoodsatareductionintheprice．59．What'sthedisadvantageofonlineshoppingaccordingtothepassage?A．Wastingtime．B．Leakingpersonalinformation．C．Fixedprices．D．NochancetodophysicalactivitiesBVolunteers,asanessentialpartofasuccessfulworldexposition,areamajorchannelforthepublictoparticipatein,serveandsharetheworldexpositionandameanstoshowcasetheimageofthehostcountryandcity.ThefollowinginformationisaboutthevolunteerfortheWorldExposition2022ShanghaiChina．I．BasicRequirementsforVolunteers●BewillingtoparticipateinvoluntaryservicesofExpo2022;●Agelimit:ExpoSitevolunteersmustbebornbeforeApril30,1992andExpoCityVoluntaryServiceStationvolunteersbeforeApril30,1994;●ObeythelawsandregulationsofthePRC;7\n●BeabletoparticipateintrainingandrelevantactivitiesbeforetheopeningofExpo2022;●Possessnecessaryknowledgeandskillsneededbytheposition;●Beingoodhealthtomeettherequirementsofcorrespondingvoluntarypositions．II．FurtherInformationforVolunteers●SourceResidentsofChinesemainland,HongKong,MacauandTaiwan,aswellasoverseasChinese,andforeignerscanallapplytobethevolunteers．●SignupmethodsApplicantsmayloginontotheofficialwebsitesforonlinesignup．TheymayalsoconsultorconnectwiththeExpoVolunteerStations．●TimeMay1-December31,2022Ⅲ．VolunteerTrainingVolunteertrainingincludesgeneraltraining,specialtrainingandpositiontraining．Generaltrainingiscarriedoutthroughinternet,whilespecialtrainingandpositiontrainingareprovidedthroughclassroomlecturesandfieldpractice．IV．VolunteerTypes●ExpoSitevolunteersrefertothoseofferingvoluntaryservicestovisitorsandtheOrganizerintheExpoSite,mainlyincludinginformation,visitorflowmanagement,reception,translationandinterpretation,assistanceforthedisabled,andassistanceinmediaservice,eventandconferenceorganizationand．volunteermanagement．●InformationboothvolunteersarestationedintheExpo'sinformationboothsatkeytransportationcenters,commercialoutlets,touristattractions,restaurants,hotelsandculturaleventplacesoutsidetheExpoSite．Theyofferservicesincludinginformation,translation,interpretationandevenfirstaid．60．IfyouwereborninApril1993,wherecanyoubeavolunteer?A．IntheExpoCity．B．Inthehostcountry．C．IntheExpoSite．D．InChinesemainland61．WhichofthetrainingwillbedoneontheInternet?A．Positiontraining．B．Generaltraining．C．Classroomtraining．D．Specialtraining．62．Whichofthefollowingserviceisofferedbyinformationboothvolunteers?A．Visitorflowmanagement．B．HelpingthedisabledC．Assistanceinmediaservice．D．EmergencyFirstaid．CWithalarmingregularity,wereadaboutoiltankershavingaccidentsnearlandandtheterribleconsequencesoftheoilspills（泄露）onpeople,nature,andtheenvironment．Millionsofdollarshavebeenusedindevelopingspecialchemicalstohelpdismissthespillsandtocleanuptheanimals,beaches,andlandspoiledbytheoil．Unfortunately,whenmanyofthesechemicalsareused,moredamageiscausedtotheenvironment,especiallytolivesinthesea．Ofalloftoday'senvironmentaldisasters,anoilspillmayactuallybeoneoftheleastserious．Althoughoilispoisonous,itisanaturalmaterial．Inthe7\nend,itbreaksdownnaturally．Thereare,ofcourse,long-termeffects,butitisusuallymoreseriousintheshortterm．Naturebyitselfworksbetterthanchemicalmaterials,butwhenthereisaspillwedemandthatgovernmentsactimmediatelywithasmuchhi-techknowledgeaspossible．In1967thetankerTorreyCanyonsankofftheScillyIslesnearthecoastofEnglandandspilled120,000tonesofoilintotheocean．Ifyougotheretoday,youwillfindithardtoseeanysignthatiteverhappened．Governmentsseemtoaccepttheriskoftransportingmillionsoftonsofoilbyshipeverydaysothatwecanfillupourcarsanddrivearoundandcauseevenmoreenvironmentaldamage．Interestingly,thebiggestcompaniesintheworldproducecars,andthenextbiggestsupplythegasolinetomakethemrunIWeshouldbethinkingmoreaboutreducingourdependencyonoil．Governmentsshouldbeencouragingresearchintonewtechnologies,suchascarsrunbysolarpower（太阳能）,electricity,hydrogen,andsoon．Muchofthisresearchhas,inthepast,beenheldbackbytheoil,gas,andcoal．Iftheworld'smillionsofcarswere10%moreefficient（高效的）—andtheindustrycouldeasilyproducecarsatleasttwiceasefficient?wewouldneedmanyfewertankerscrossingtheoceanseachyear．Ifthishappened,therisksofoilspillswouldbereduced,andtheairwebreathewouldbecleanerandfresher,too．63．Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?A．Oilspillspollution．B．Whatoilpollutionis．C．Oiltankeraccidents.D．Howtoreduceoilpollution.64．Howdoestheauthorsupporttheideathatoilspillsarenotasseriousaspeoplebelieve?A．Bygivingadescription．B．Bymakinganargument．C．Bygivinganexample．D．Bydrawingadiagram．65．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"risk"inParagraph5referto?A．Transportationdependingmoreonoil．B．Poisonousoilbreakingdownnaturally．C．Millionsoftonsofoilspillingintothesea．D．Moreenvironmentaldamagebeingcaused．66．Whichsuggestion,ismadeforreducingoiltankaccidentsaccordingtothepassage?A．Weshouldbuildsafertankersinthenearfuture．B．Weshoulddevelopnewtechnologiestocutoiluse．C．Tankersshouldnotbeallowedtosailnearthecoastlines．D．Countriesshouldbuildmoreoilpipelinesunderthesea．情景作文（20分）假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的班长李华，你们全班同学在“五一节”放假期间开展了“体验一天低碳生活”的活动。请你根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文短文，介绍同学们这一天的体验活动，向学校“英语园地”投稿。短文的开头已为你写好。词数不少于60。提示词：disposablechopsticks一次性筷子7\n__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7
