江苏省扬州市2022届高三下学期5月考前适应性考试英语试卷本试卷分五部分。满分120分。考试时间120分钟。第Ⅰ卷（共85分）第一部分：听力(共两节，满分20分)第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howmanychildrenarethereintheclassroom?A.Seven.B.Five.C.Twelve.2.Whereistheman’sbikenow?A.Underthestairs.B.Atthegate.C.Inthegarden.3.Whywon’tthewomangototowntomorrow?A.Becauseitwillrain.B.Becauseitwillbetoohot.C.Becauseitwillbetoocold.4.Whatdoesthewomansuggest?A.Theydon’thavetogototheconcert.B.They’llhavetorentacarasearlyaspossible.C.Thesubwayisfinewithher.5.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.Atarestaurant.B.Atthetheatre.C.Atthestation.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6~8题。6.Wheredoesthewomanwanttogo?A.Thepostoffice.B.Thecinema.C.Apark.7.Whocananswerthewoman’squestion?A.Themanwithabeard.B.Themanwithamustache.C.Themanwithabottleofbeer.8.Whereisthemanstanding?A.Bythepostoffice.B.Bythelamp-post.C.Bythemailbox. 听第7段材料，回答第9~11题。9.WhatdidMaryaskJohntodo?A.Tohelpher.B.Tolookfortheirbaby.C.Todosomewashing.10.Whereisthebaby?18A.Inthesitting-room.B.Inthekitchen.C.Inthewashroom.11.Whatisthebabydoing?A.Heisplayinggames.B.Heisbrushinghisteeth.C.Heisbrushinghisshoes. 听第8段材料，回答第12~14题。12.Whoarethetwospeakers?A.Aconductorandaconductress.B.Areporterandaconductress.C.Theorganizeroftheraceandaparticipant.13.Whendosethedialoguetakeplace?A.Adaybeforetherace.B.Rightaftertherace.C.Adayaftertherace.14.Howlonghasshebeencycling?A.17years.B.18years.C.19years.听第9段材料，回答第15~17题。15.WherewasGeorgeyesterday?A.Athisusualplace.B.Inthenewspaperoffice.C.Athome.16.WhydidthewomancallGeorge?A.Toaskhimtoaconcert.B.Togoonaholidaywithhim.C.Toinvitehimtodinnerathome.17.WheredidGeorgeseeMary?A.Attheoffice.B.Attheconcert.C.Inhissister’shome. 听第10段材料，回答第18~20题。18.WhatdidHemingwaydo?A.Hewasawriter.B.Hewasasoldier.C.Hewasadoctor.19.WhenwasHemingwaywounded?A.DuringtheSecondWorldWar.B.DuringtheFirstWorldWar.C.Betweenthetwoworldwars.20.Whatlifedoyouthink.Hemingwayledallhislife?A.Ahardlife.B.Anactivelife.C.Apoorlife.第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节：语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。21.Ayellowtaxi_______alongsideatruckatthetrafficlightswhenanelderlywomanwascrossingtheroad.A.broughtupB.tookupC.pulledupD.putup22.Theopeningbetweenwallswasverynarrow;it’sveryhardforsoldiersto_______through.A.squeezeB.pressC.stretchD.leap1823.Manyfirmsgiveawaysmallquantitiesoftheirproductionsas_______sothatpeoplecantrythembeforebuying.A.signsB.signalsC.examplesD.samples24.Whenthepostfell_______,DennisBasswasappointedtofillit.A.emptyB.blankC.vacantD.bare25.Look,_______fashionableclothesishewearingthatalltheeyesarefixedonhim!A.soB.whatC.howD.such26.---Whyonearthdidn’tyouanswerthedoor?---I’mterriblysorry,butthetelephone_______,too.A.isringingB.wasringingC.rangD.wasabouttoring27.---Annlookshotanddry.---So_______youifyouhadahighfever.A.doB.areC.willD.would28.Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork_______,werefusedhisoffer.A.notfinishingB.hadnotbeenfinishedC.nothavingfinishedD.notfinished29.Onsteppingintotheroomthismorning,Iwasastonishedtofindthefloorcoveredwith_______ lookedliketinyinsects.A.that B. what C.where D.when30.---Howmuchdoyouhaveinyourpocket?---150yuan,allof_______camefrommygrandma.A.whichB.themC.itD.that31.---Didyourfathercomebackearlylastnight?---Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock_______hearrivedhome.A.beforeB.whenC.thatD.until32.---Whichhoteldidyoustayinlastweek?---Well,justtheone_______IthinkyouoncemetGeYouandhisfamily.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.as33._______,Ithink,andtheproblemcouldbesettled,A.Ifyoudon’tdoubtyoureffortsB.SolongasyoukeepupyourspiritsC.MakinggreateffortsD.Abitmoreefforts34.Thelecturemainlydealswiththetroubleyoungchildrenhave_______rightfromwrong.A.distinguishedB.distinguishingC.todistinguishD.tobedistinguished35.---Thefilmwesawlastweekisveryromantic.---_______.Ididn’tthinkitromanticatall.A.WithallduerespectB.IbegtodifferC.AspredictedD.Ican’tagreewithyoumore18第二节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。NewgeneticanalysishasrevealedthatmanyAmazontreespeciesarelikelytosurvivehuman-madeclimatewarminginthecomingcentury,contrarytopreviousfindingsthattemperatureincreaseswouldcausethemtodieout.Astudy,36inthelatesteditionofEcologyandEvolution,revealsthe37ageofsomeAmazoniantreespecies--morethan8millionyears--and38showsthattheyhavesurvivedpreviousperiodsaswarmasmanyoftheglobalwarmingimaginedperiods39fortheyear2100.Theauthorswritethat,havingsurvivedwarmperiodsinthepast,thetreeswill40survivefuturewarming,providedtherearenoothermajorenvironmentalchanges.41extremedroughtsandforestfireswillimpactAmazoniaastemperatures42,thetreeswillstandthedirectimpactofhighertemperatures.Theauthors43thataswellasreducinggreenhousegasemissionstominimizetheriskofdroughtandfire,conservationpolicyshouldremain44onpreventingdeforestation（采伐森林）foragricultureandmining.Thestudydisagreeswithotherrecentresearcheswhichpredictedtreespecies’extinctions45relativelysmallincreasesinglobalaverageairtemperatures.Studyco-authorDrSimonLewis(UCLGeography)saidthe46weregoodnewsforAmazontreespecies,butwarnedthatdroughtandover-exploitationoftheforestremainedmajor47totheAmazon’sfuture.DrLewissaid:“Thepastcannotbecompareddirectlywiththefuture.whiletreespeciesseemlikelyto48higherairtemperaturesthantoday,theAmazonforestisbeingtransformedforagricultureand49,andwhatremainsisbeingdegradedbylogging,andincreasinglysplitupbyfieldsandroads.“Specieswillnotmoveasfreelyintoday’sAmazonastheydidinpreviouswarmperiods,whentherewasnohuman50.Similarly,today’sclimatechangeisextremelyfast,makingcomparisonswithslowerchangesinthepast51.”“Withaclearer52oftherelativeriskstotheAmazonforest,we53thatdirecthumanimpacts--suchasforestclearancesforagricultureormining--shouldremainakeypointofconservationpolicy.Wealsoneedmoreaggressive54toreducegreenhousegasemissionsinordertomakeminimumtheriskofdroughtandfireimpactsand55thefutureofmostAmazontreespecies.”36.A.advertisedB.describedC.publishedD.presented37.A.frighteningB.surprisingC.excitingD.interesting38.A.stillB.neverthelessC.howeverD.therefore39.A.assessB.confirmC.forecastD.promise40.A.particularlyB.probablyC.merelyD.possibly41.A.SinceB.AlthoughC.WhenD.If42.A.riseB.changeC.dropD.end43.A.considerB.decideC.guaranteeD.18recommend44.A.basedB.builtC.focusedD.made45.A.inrelationtoB.inresponsetoC.inreplytoD.inreferenceto46.A.findingsB.thoughtsC.inventionsD.writings47.A.threatsB.disadvantagesC.embarrassmentsD.instructions48.A.acceptB.tolerateC.permitD.Require49.A.farmingB.plantingC.cateringD.mining50.A.powerB.influenceC.desireD.violence51.A.difficultB.clearC.easyD.important52.A.beliefB.directionC.understandingD.suggestion53.A.doubtB.concludeC.calculateD.prefer54.A.thoughtB.guidanceC.protectionD.action55.A.secureB.advanceC.sacrificeD.evaluate第三部分：阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）AHARVARDUNIVERSITYOfficeofAdmissionsFinancialAidOurgoalinadmissionsandfinancialaidisclear:WewanttobringthebestpeopletoHarvard,regardlessoftheirabilitytopay—andwedo.About70percentofourstudentsreceivesomeformofaid,withover60percentreceivingneed–basedscholarships.Twoprinciplesguideus:·AdmissiontoHarvardisneed-blind,bywhichwemeanthatfinancialneedisnotabarriertoadmission.InternationalstudentshavethesameaccesstofinancialaidasUnitedStatescitizens.·FinancialaidatHarvardisentirelyneed–basedandwearecommittedtomeetingthedemonstratedneedofallstudents.Studentsapplyforaidannuallyandeveryyearwereviewourfinancialaidprogram,consideringsuchthingsasanychangedstudentorfamilycircumstances,universityresources,anddemand.RemovingEconomicBarriersInthepastdecadewehaveincreasedfinancialaidforlowandmiddleincomefamiliesbyover180%.Nocontributionisexpectedfromparentswithincomesunder$65,000.Beginningwiththeclassof2022,thoseparentswithannualincomes18between$65,000and$150,000areaskedtocontributefromzerototenpercentoftheirincome.Somefamilieswithincomesabove$150,000stillqualifyforaid.Familiesatallincomeswhohavesignificantassets（资产）willcontinuetopaymorethanthoseinlessfortunatecircumstances.Studentsarealsoaskedtocontributetothecostoftheireducationthroughterm-timeandsummerwork.Familieswithhigherincomesfacingunusualfinancialchallengesmayalsoqualifyforneed–basedscholarshipassistance,yetthosewithsignificantassetsatallincomelevelsareaskedtocontributeproportionately（成比例的）more.Ourfinancialaidprogramincludesanarrayoffinancingoptionsbeyondourneed–basedscholarshipprogram,suchasaparentmonthlypaymentplan,variousloanprogramsandtheopportunitytopre–paytuitionforfouryearsatastudent’sfreshmanyearrate.TherearealsootherformsoffinancialassistancesuchastheFacultyAideProgram,theHarvardCollegeResearchProgramandtheDean’sSummerResearchProgramthatenablestudentstocreatepaidpartnershipswithteachersonacademicprojectsofmutualinterest.Overtwo-thirdsofHarvardstudentschoosetoworkduringtheirtimeinCambridgeandgainvaluablejobexperienceworkinginawidearrayofUniversitysettings,includingourlibraries,dininghalls,museumsandacademicdepartments.Wehopeyouwillvisitourwebsites forafullerdescriptionofourcomprehensiveprogramoffinancialassistance.56.AdmissiontoHarvardisneed-blindinthat_______.A.Harvarddoestakeintoaccountstudents’economicsituationsB.Students’abilitytopaydoesnotaffecttheiradmissionstoHarvardC.StudentsneedtopaybigmoneytoHarvardaftertheyareadmittedD.ThemajorityofstudentsinHarvarddonotneedfinancialaids57.Basedontherequirementsabove,wecanlearnthat_______.A.parentswithannualincomesofover$150,000needn’tcontributeB.financialaidsarenotintendedforfamilieswithhigherincomesC.wealthierfamiliesareexpectedtocontributemoretoHarvardD.studentsarenotencouragedtopaythecostoftheireducation58.InwhatwaycanstudentsgetfinancialassistancefromHarvard?A.Studentscanbeofferedpaid-workopportunitiesoutsideHarvard.B.Studentscanhaveopportunitiestogetloansfortheireducation.C.StudentscanpayfortheireducationinHarvardwithinonemonth.D.StudentsearnmoneybyassistingteachersinCambridgeUniversity.BResearchersatSweden’sKTHRoyalInstituteofTechnologysaytheyhavefoundfurtherproofthatthewolfancestorsoftoday’sdogscanbefromsouthernEastAsia--findingsthatarecontrarytotheoriesplacingthebirthplaceintheMiddleEast.DrPeterSavolainen,KTHresearcherinevolutionarygenetics,saysanewstudyreleasedNov.23confirmsthatanAsianregionsouthoftheYangtzeRiverwastheprincipalandprobablytheonlyregionwherewolvesweredomesticated（驯化）byhumans.18Researchdatashowclearlythatdogsaredescendedfromwolves,butthere’sneverbeenscientificagreementonwhereintheworldthedomesticationprocessbegan.“OuranalysisofY-chromosomal（染色体）DNAnowconfirmsthatwolveswerefirstdomesticatedinAsiasouthofYangtzeRiver--wecallittheASYregion--insouthernChinaorSoutheastAsia,”Savolainensays.TheYdatasupportspreviousevidencefrommitochondrial（线粒体）DNA.“Takentogether,thetwostudiesprovideverystrongevidencethatdogsappearedfirstintheASYregion,”Savolainensays.ArchaeologicaldataandageneticstudyrecentlypublishedinNaturesuggestthatdogsoriginatefromtheMiddleEast.ButSavolainenrejectsthatview.“BecausenoneofthesestudiesincludedsamplesfromtheASYregion,evidencefromASYhasbeenoverlooked,”hesays.PeterSavolainenandPhDstudentMattiasOskarssonworkedwithChinesecolleaguestoanalyseDNAfrommaledogsaroundtheworld.TheirstudywaspublishedinthescientificjournalHeredity.Approximatelyhalfofthegenepoolwasuniversallysharedeverywhereintheworld,whileonlytheASYregionhadtheentirerangeofgeneticdiversity.“ThisshowsthatgenepoolsinallotherregionsoftheworldmostprobablyoriginatefromtheASYregion,”Savolainensays.“OurresultsconfirmthatAsiasouthoftheYangtzeRiverwasthemostimportant--andprobablytheonly--regionforwolfdomestication,andthatalargenumberofwolvesweredomesticated,”saysSavolainen.InseparateresearchpublishedrecentlyinEcologyandEvolution,Savolainen,PhDstudentArmanArdalanandIranianandTurkishscientistsconductedacomprehensivestudyofmitochondrialDNA,withaparticularfocusontheMiddleEast.BecausemitochondrialDNAisinheritedonlyfromthemotherinmostspecies,itisespeciallyusefulinstudyingevolutionaryrelationships.“SinceotherstudieshaveindicatedthatwolvesweredomesticatedintheMiddleEast,wewantedtobesurenothinghadbeenmissed.Wefindnosignswhatsoeverthatdogsoriginatedthere,”saysSavolainen.Intheirstudies,theresearchersalsofoundminorgeneticcontributionsfromcrossbreedingbetweendogsandwolvesinothergeographicregions,includingtheMiddleEast.“Thissubsequentdog/wolfhybridisation（混合淡化技术）contributedonlymodestlytothedoggenepool,”Savolainenexplains.59.WhatdoesDr.PeterSavolainenbelieve?A.Dogs’ancestorscamefromtheMiddleEast.B.WolveswereprobablyfirsttrainedtoworkforhumansintheASYregion.C.AnalysisofY-chromosomalDNAshouldbecombinedwithmitochondrialDNA.D.Samplesofthepreviousstudiesareenoughtosupporttheconclusion.60.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_______.A.thereisauniversalagreementontheplaceoffirstdomesticationB.datafromASYmayhighlightwheredogscamefromC.Dr.Savolainen’sresearchmainlyfocusesontheMiddleEast18D.thedog/wolfhybridizationmakesupmostofthedoggenepool61.WhatisspecialaboutmitochondrialDNA?A.Itisonlyusedinstudyingevolutionaryrelationships.B.ItalonecanprovidehardevidenceforSavolainen’sresearch.C.Itisthemostusefulinfindingoutthebirthplaceofdogs.D.Itcomesfromthemotherofmostanimalsandplants.CAnewreportsaidscientistsmaynotbefarfromgivingapestheabilitytothinkandtalklikehumans.Thereportisaboutexperimentswhichtransplanthumancellsintoanimalsformedicalpurposes.Itclaimedthatconcernsaboutthecreationoftalkingapesshouldbetakenseriously.Itshouldalsodrawpeople’sattentiontothepossibilitythatthemedicalresearchaboutcreating“humanised”animalsisgoingtogeneratemonsters.Aregulatory（监管的）bodyisneededtocloselymonitoranyexperimentsthatmanyriskcreatinganimalswithhuman-likeconsciousnessorgivingthemanyappearanceorbehaviouraltraitsthattoocloselyresemblehumans,thereportsaid.Scientistswould,forexample,bepreventedfromreplacingalargenumberofanape’sbraincellswithhumanbraincellsuntilmoreisknownaboutthepotentialrisks.Thishasalreadybeendoneinsimpleranimalslikemice,whichisjudgedtobelessrisky.UnderthenewUKguidelines,thepowertoregulatetestsonanimalscontaininghumanmaterialwouldbetransferredtoabodywithwiderresponsibilityforanimaltestingintheHomeOffice.WhilethereisnoriskfromexperimentscurrentlybeingcarriedoutinBritain,itispossiblethatethical(道德的)boundariescouldbecrossedwithinthenextfewyearsifscientistsarenotcareful,theexpertssaid.ProfessorThomasBaldwin,amemberoftheAcademyofMedicalSciencesworkinggroupthatproducedthereport,saidthepossibilityofhumanisedapesshouldbetakenseriously.Hesaid,“Thefearisthatifyoustartputtingverylargenumbersofhumanbraincellsintothebrainsofprimates（灵长类动物）youmighttransformtheprimatesintosomethingthathassomeoftheabilitiesthatweregardasdistinctlyhuman,suchasspeech,orotherwaysofbeingabletomanipulateorrelatetous.”ProfessorMartinBobrow,chairoftheacademyworkinggroupthatproducedthereport,said,“Theverygreatmajorityofexperimentspresentnoissuesbeyondthegeneraluseofanimalsinresearchandtheseshouldcontinuetoproceedunderthecurrentregulations.”LordWillis,chairoftheAssociationofMedicalResearchCharities,said,“AMRConlysupportsresearchthatisabsolutelynecessaryandwherenosuitablealternativemethodsareavailable.”62.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Ethicalrulestolimithumanisedanimals.B.Thepotentialresultsofhumanisedapes.C.Thepossibilityofhumanisedanimals.18D.Thedangerofhuman-likeanimals.63.Theunderlinedword“manipulate”inthepassageprobablymeans“_______”.A.appealB.possessC.controlD.associate64.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmightProfessorThomasBaldwinagreewith?A.Itisnecessarytodosomeexperimentsabouthumanisedanimals.B.Experimentsabouthumanisedanimalsshouldbedonewithinthelaw.C.Itwouldbedangeroustodoexperimentsabouthumanisedanimals.D.Itisurgenttobanexperimentabouthumanisedanimals.65.Itcanbeinferredthat_______.A.peopleshouldbecarefulwhencreatingtalkingapesB.ThomasBaldwinandLordWillisarefromthesameorganizationC.creatinghumanisedanimalsisdifficultinBritainnowD.scientistsmustbecautiousnottocrossethicalboundariesDIgotyourletterandwasgladtofindthatyouhadnotforgottenJourdon,andthatyouwantedmetocomebackandlivewithyouagaininTennessee,promisingtodobetterformethananybodyelsecan.AlthoughyoushotatmetwicebeforeIleftyou,Ididnotwanttohearofyourbeinghurt.ItwoulddomegoodtogobacktothedearoldhomeagainandseeAllen,Esther,Green,andLee.Givemylovetothemall,andtellthemIhopewewillmeetinthebetterworld,ifnotinthis.Iwanttoknowparticularlywhatthegoodchanceisyouproposetogiveme.IamdoingtolerablywellhereinOhio.Igettwenty-fivedollarsamonth,withfoodandclothing;haveacomfortablehomeforMandy,thefolkscallherMrs.Anderson;andthechildren—Milly,Jane,andGrundy—gotoschoolandarelearningwell.TheteachersaysGrundyhasaheadforapreacher.Wearekindlytreated.Now,ifyouwillwriteandsaywhatwagesyouwillgiveme,Iwillbebetterabletodecidewhetheritwouldbetomyadvantagetomovebackagain.Wehaveconcludedtotestyoursinceritybyaskingyoutosendusourwagesforthetimeweservedyou.Thiswillmakeusforgetandforgiveoldscoresandrelyonyourjusticeandfriendshipinthefuture.Iservedyoufaithfullyforthirty-twoyears,andMandytwentyyears.Attwenty-fivedollarsamonthforme,andtwodollarsaweekforMandy,ourearningswouldamounttoeleventhousandsixhundredandeightydollars.Addtothistheinterestforthetimeourwageshavebeenkeptback,anddeduct（扣除）whatyoupaidforourclothing,andthreedoctor’svisitstome,andpullingatoothforMandy.Ifyoufailtopayusforfaithfullaborsinthepast,wecanhavelittlefaithinyourpromisesinthefuture.Inansweringthisletter,pleasestateiftherewouldbeanysafetyformyMillyandJane,whoarenowgrownup,andbothgood-lookinggirls.Iwouldratherstayhereandstarve—anddie,ifitshouldcometothat—thanhavemygirlsbroughttoshamebytheviolenceandwickednessoftheiryoungMasters.Youwillalsopleasestateiftherehasbeenanyschoolsopenedforthecoloredchildreninyourneighborhood.Thegreatdesireofmylifenowistogivemychildrenaneducationandhavethemformvirtuoushabits.18SayhowdytoGeorgeCarter,andthankhimfortakingthepistolfromyouwhenyouwereshootingatme.66.Accordingtothepassage,theletterwaswrittenbyJourdontohisformer_______.A.friendB.masterC.neighborD.relative67.WhichofthefollowingisRIGHTaccordingtothepassage?A.ThefamilynameofthisletterwriterisAnderson.B.ThewriterispaidthesameashewasinTennessee.C.Thewriterwillcertainlygetatleast11,680dollars.D.Safetyratherthaneducationweighsalottothewriter.68.Thewriter’sdescriptionofhispresentsituationimpliesthat_______.A.heshowshisintentionofgoingbackinTennesseeB.heissomewhatricheranddoesnotneedtogobackC.hislifeisrelativelygoodbutstillneedsimprovementD.heisnotalittlesatisfiedwithhispresentlifeinOhio69.Thepurposeofthewriter’saskingforhispaybackis_______.A.toshowheneedsthatamountofmoneyurgentlyB.toshowheisdeterminedtogetwhathedeservedC.totestwhethertheletterreceiverisworthyoftrustD.totelltheletterreceiverhestillhasfaithinhim70.Fromthepassage,wecanseethewriterisvery_______.A.wiseB.stupidC.greedyD.generous第Ⅱ卷（共35分）第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在文后第71至第80小题的空格里填上适当的单词。注意：每空1个单词。BorntoWinEachhumanbeingisbornassomethingunique,somethingthatneverexistedbefore.Eachpersonisbornwithwhatheneedstowinatlife.Anormalpersoncansee,hear,touch,taste,andthinkforhimself.Eachhashisownuniquepotentials---hiscapabilitiesandlimitations.Eachcanbeanimportant,thinking,aware,andcreativelyproductivepersoninhisownright---awinner. Thewords"winner"and"loser"havemanymeanings.Whenwerefertoapersonasawinner,wedonotmeanonewhodefeatstheotherpersonbydominatingandmakinghimlose.Insteadawinnerisonewhorespondshonestlybybeingtrustworthyandresponsive,bothasanindividualandasamemberofasociety.Aloserisonewhofailstorespondhonestly. Awinnerisnotafraidtodohisownthinkingandtousehisownknowledge.Hecanseparatefactsfromopinionanddoesn’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Helistenstoothers,evaluateswhattheysay,butcomestohisownconclusions. Awinnerisflexible.Hedoesnothavetorespondinknown,rigidways.Hecanchangehisplanswhenthesituationcallsforit.Awinnerhasaloveforlife.Heenjoyswork,play,food,otherpeople,andtheworldofnature.Withoutguilt18heenjoyshisownaccomplishments.Withoutenvyheenjoystheaccomplishmentsofothers. Awinnercaresabouttheworldanditspeople.Heisnotseparatedfromthegeneralproblemsofsociety.Hetriestoimprovethequalityoflife.Eveninthefaceofnationalandinternationaldifficulty,hedoesnotseehimselfashelpless.Hedoeswhathecantomaketheworldabetterplace. Althoughpeopleareborntowin,theyarealsoborntotallydependentontheirenvironment.Winnerssuccessfullymakethechangefromdependencetoindependence,losersdonot.Somewherealongthelinelosersbegintoavoidbecomingindependent.Thisusuallybeginsinchildhood.Poornutrition,cruelty,unhappyrelationships,disease,continuingdisappointments,andinadequatephysicalcareareamongthemanyexperiencesthatcontributetomakingpeoplelosers. Aloserisheldbackbyhislowcapacitytoappropriatelyexpresshimselfthroughafullrangeofpossiblebehavior.Hemaybeunawareofotherchoicesforhislifeifthepathhechoosesgoesnowhere.Heisafraidtotrynewthings.Herepeatsnotonlyhisownmistakesandoftenrepeatsthoseofhisfamilyandculture.Aloserhasdifficultygivingandreceivinglove.Hedoesnotenterintoclose,honest,directrelationshipswithothers.Instead,hetriestomanipulatethemintolivinguptohisexpectationsandchannelshisenergiesintolivinguptotheirexpectations.18BorntowinEachhumanbeingisborntobeawinner.Eachpersonhashisown71._______qualitiestobeawinner.Beingawinnerdoesnotmeanwinninga72._______overtheothers.Anhonest73._______makesthedifferencebetweenawinnerandaloser.Awinnertendstothink74._______.Awinner75._______tosituationseasily.Everyone’saccomplishmentcanbringhim76.________.Awinner77._______himselftoimprovingthelifeofallpeople.Eachhumanbeingisborntobeawinner.Environments78.__________losersgreatlyduetotheirunfortunatechildhood.Aloser79._______theabilitytofindnewwaysandrepeatsmistakes.Aloserispoorin80._______lovewithothers.Eachhumanbeingisborntobeawinner.第五部分：书面表达（满分25分）社会弱势群体一般具有四个特征：1、无职或低职；2、贫困；３、软弱可欺；4、常被忽视。请根据所提供文字及图片提示给某英文报写一篇短文，分析弱势群体构成，描述该群体生存现状，简要分析原因，并提出建议号召社会关注这个群体。注意：1.仔细品味所提供文字和图片，不要作简单描述。2.词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。3.作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。18Let’scareforthedisadvantagedAsisfrequentlyseeninourdailylife,......_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 英语答案1-5CABCA6-10BABBC11-15CBBAC16-20ABABB21-25CADCD26-30BDDBA31-35BCDBB36-40CBDCB41-45BADCB46-50AABDB51-55ACBDA56-60BCBBB61-65DACCD66-70BADCA36.C。publish为发表之意，其他意思不符合。37.B。一些树种并未随气温的升高而灭绝，因此超高的树龄令人惊讶。38.D。该空所表明的事实是以前面的树龄为依据的，所以是“因此”的意思。39.C。2100是将来的时间，预测符合意思。40.B。亚马逊的树曾经在高温气候中生存下来，所以将来也很有可能升高的气候。41.B。Although引导让步状语。42.A。气温的升高。43.D。recommend此处是建议的意思，后面的should表明这一层意思。44.C。防止采伐森林是保护政策的中心。45.B。先前的观点认为树种灭绝是对相对小幅气温升高的反应。46.A。最新研究的发现。47.A。过度采伐威胁亚马逊的未来。48.B。耐高温之意。49.D。农业和矿业，A、B与agriculture同一范畴，C毫不相干；最后一段有提示。50.B。没有人类影响，物种移动更为自由。51.A。今天的气温升高速度远远快于以前，因此难以与过去相对比。52.C。更为清楚的了解亚马逊森林面临的风险。53.B。得出的结论。54.D。积极的行动和措施。55.A.保护，使…安全。阅读A56.B。第二段：AdmissiontoHarvardisneed-blind,bywhichwemeanthatfinancialneedisnotabarriertoadmission.哈佛不会因为学生的经济状况而考虑是否录取学生。57.C。倒数第三段“…yetthosewithsignificantassetsatallincomelevelsareaskedtocontributeproportionatelymore.”收入高的家庭捐赠的比例也相应提高。58.B。倒数第二段“…variousloanprogramsandtheopportunitytopre–paytuitionforfouryearsatastudent'sfreshmanyearrate.”学生可获取贷款。阅读B59.B。第一段“anAsianregionsouthoftheYangtzeRiverwastheprincipalandprobablytheonlyregionwherewolvesweredomesticatedbyhumans”60.B。第六段可知。61.D。第八段“BecausemitochondrialDNAisinheritedonlyfromthemotherinmostspecies,itisespeciallyusefulinstudyingevolutionaryrelationships.”18阅读C62.A。通读文章可知，作者在强调了humanisedanimals可能超越人类道德底线，并在文章后半部分通过专家的观点指出要通过现行的建立在道德底线基础上的规章制度来约束。63.C。划线单词段落强调该行为所带来的不良后果即控制（control）人类或产生紧密关系。64.C。根据文章倒数第三段内容可知。65.D。从全文可知creatinghumanisedanimals现在不存在技术问题只是会超越伦理底线，故排除AC。阅读D66.B。第一段“youwantedmetocomebackandlivewithyouagaininTennessee,promisingtodobetterformethananybodyelsecan.”和最后一段第四行“……oftheiryoungMasters”。67.A。第四段第四行的Mrs.Anderson可知A为正确答案。B说的钱数是样，但在Tennessee根本未兑现，不能称之为ispaid；C中用certainly是错的；D项Safetyratherthaneducation中的ratherthan是错的，因为在作者心目中两者都重要。68.D。整篇文章表明作者对他现在的生活状况非常满意，D选项中的notalittle是非常的意思。69.C。倒数第三段的最后一句可知。70.A。文章中作者拒绝以前奴隶主让他回去为其效命的要求有礼有节，可见其明智。71.unique/special72.victory73.response74.independently75.adapts/adjusts76.happiness/pleasure/delight/enjoyment77.devotes78.affect/influence/impact79.lacks80.sharingPossibleversion:Asisfrequentlyseeninourdailylife,thedisadvantagedexistineverycorner.Theyareathreattotheconstructionofaharmonioussociety,causinggrowingconcernfromall.Asthetermisdefined,thosewholackabilitiestomakealiving,likethedisabled,theold,thepooretc,makeupthedisadvantaged.Thereisnodifficultyanalyzingthecommonproblemstheyshare.Astheyaredisadvantaged,withoutdoubt,jobhuntingbecomesaheadache,whichworsenstheirlifeorevenmakesitindespair.Naturally,povertyfollowsandtheyaresometimesbullied.Evenifsomecandocertainjobs,aslongastheybelongtothedisadvantaged,theyareeasilyignored.Governmentsshouldcertainlytakethemajorresponsibilityforcaringforthosedisadvantaged.Dailynecessitieslikefoodandsheltersshouldbeprovidedfortheirrecentsurvivalaswellasconstructinghospitalsandschoolstoensuretheirfuture.Westudentsshouldalwayshaveakindhearttowardsthem.Whatyoudomayseemlittletoyourself,butitsurelymakesadifferencetothedisadvantaged.书面表达评分标准一、评分原则：1.本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。182.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言（内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性、及语言的得体性）初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。如果没有一定数量的较复杂结构或较高级词汇，通篇文章句型单调、无关联词、文章欠流畅、时态错误太多，降档处理。3.词数少于130和多于170的，从总分中减去2分。用笔：铅笔、红笔答题一律零分。4.书面表达内容要点：按以下要点内容扣分（缺失其中一块，文章为三档及以下）：1）开头铺垫描述（4分）。2）弱势群体构成（4分），生存现状（5分），原因（5分）。3）建议和号召社会关注（7分）。5.拼写与标点符号：是语言正确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。相同错误只扣分一次。6、大错：句子结构、时态、语态、句子缺谓语动词等为大错，每个大错扣1分。小错：介词、冠词、单词拼写、大小写、标点符号等为小错，每个小错扣半分。7.如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。投机：开头一段和最后一段切题，中间部分从阅读理解中抄一段判零分。8、如层次不清，写作没分段，从总分中减去2分。二.各档次的给分范围和要求第五档（很好）：（21-25分）完全完成了试题规定的任务。★覆盖所有内容要点。★应用较多的语法结构和词汇。★语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。★有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。★完全达到了预期的写作目的第四档（好）：（16-20分）完全完成了试题规定的任务。★虽漏掉了一两个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容。★应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。★语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因为尝试复杂语法结构或词汇所致。★应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。★达到了预期的写作目的第三档：（一般）（10-15分）基本完成了试题规定的任务。★虽然漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有的主要内容★应用的语法结构或词汇能满足任务的要求★有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解★应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯★整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的第二档：（差）（5-10分）未恰当完成试题规定的任务★漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容★语法结构单调，词汇项目有限★有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解★较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性★信息未能清楚的传递给读者第一档（很差）：（0-5分）未能完成了试题规定的任务。★明显遗漏主要内容要点，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未能理解试题要求。18★语法结构简单、词汇项目有限。★较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。★缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。★信息未能传达给读者录音原文第一节 现在你有5秒钟的时间，阅读第一小题的有关内容。1.W:Arethereanychildrenintheclassroom?M:Yes,sevenarereadingattheirdesksandfiveareplayingonthefloor2.M:Ihadmybikerepaired;lastnightIputitatthegate,hutIcan'tfinditnow.W:ItwasinmywaywhenIwenttothegarden.soIputitunderthestairsandit'sstillthere.3.M:Doyouwanttogototownwithmeifitdoesn'traintomorrow?W:No,Idon'tthinkso.Itwillbetoohotoutside.4.M:I'dliketodrivetotheconcert,butmybrotherwillusethecartonight.W:Whoneedsacar?Wecantakethesubwayifwegoalittleearlier.5.M:Howaboutmyfood?I'vebeensittinghereforalmosthalfanhour.W:I'msorry,sir.Itmustbereadybynow. 第一节到此结束。 第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8三个小题。现在你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。6.W:Excuseme,butcouldyoutellmethewaytothecinema,please?M:No,I'msorryIcan't.I'mastrangerintheseparts.Butwhydon'tyouaskthatmanwithaheard?He'llbeabletotellyou,I'msure.W:Whichonedoyoumean?M:Look,theoneoverthere,bythelamp-post.W:Ah,yes.Icanseehimnow.Thankyouverymuch.M:Notatall. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11三个小题。现在你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。7.W:Isthebabywithyou,John?He'snotinthekitchen.M:Heisn'there,Mary.Perhapshe'supstairs.W:Pleasegoandsee...He'sveryquiet.M:Allright,I'llgoandsee...Mary,he'snotinhisroom.W:Isheinourroom?M:No,he'snotthereeither.W:MyGod!Where'shethen?M:Oh,he'shere,inthewashroom!W:Inthewashroom?What'shedoingthere?18M:He'scleaninghisshoeswithyourtoothbrush! 听下面一段对话，回答第12至第14三个小题。现在你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。8.M:Now,Susan.Canyoutellussomethingaboutyourself?Howoldareyouandwhatdoyoudo?W:I'mtwenty-twoandI'mabusconductress.M:Abusconductress!Soyou'reusedtocollectingmoney.whotaughtyoutocycle?W:Nobody.Itaughtmyself.I'vebeencyclingsinceIwasfive.M:Andwhoboughtthatbeautifulracingcycleforyou?W:Iboughtitmyself.Iworkedovertime.M:Goodforyou!Andwhatareyougoingtodonow?W:Now?ifyoumeanthisminute,I'mgoingtohavealonghotbath.M:Youmustneedtorelax.Again,congratulations.ThatwasSusanJames,winnerofthisyear'scyclerace.听下面一段对话，回答第15至第17三个小题。现在你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。9.W:Hello,George!Iwantedtospeaktoyouyesterday,butyouweren'tatyourusualplaceforlunch.M:No,IhadafreedayfromthenewspaperofficebecauseIworkedsomuchovertimelastweek.W:Oh,Isee.Youhadaholiday.M:Well,Istayedathomeandlookedafterthebaby.W:What?Youtookcareofthebaby?Whosebaby?M:Oh,itwasmysister'sbaby.Shewantedtogoshoppinginthemorning.SoIstayedathomeanddidalotofusefulthings.W:Oh?M:Yes.Imendedmyradio,washedashirtandsomesocks,andcleanedoutthedrawersofmydesk.W:Idon'tcallthataholiday.Iwantedtoaskyoutoaconcertlastnight.TheoneattheTownHallnearwherewelived.M:That'sfunny!Myofficecalledmeintheafternoonandaskedmetogoandwriteanarticleabouttheconcert.Inoticedthatyouweren'tthere;butyourfriendMarywas.W:Wassheindeed?That'sverystrange. 听下面一段独白，回答第18至第20三个小题。现在你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。10.BeforewegetintoHemingway,Iwanttosayafewwordsabouthim.Inmanywayshislifeisasinterestingashiswork.And,ofcourse,manyofhisbooksandstorieswerebasedonhispersonalexperience.Hemingwaywasthesonofadoctor.Anditwashisfatherwhofirstintroducedhimtotheoutdoorlife—hunting,fishing,sports.Allthosethingsthathelovedsomuch.Afterhegraduatedfromhighschool,helefthomeandwenttoKansasCity.Hedidn'tgotocollege,butinstead,gotajobasreporterontheKansasCityStar.Whenthewarbrokeoutin1914,Hemingwaywantedtobeasoldier,buthewasrejectedbecauseofanoldeyeproblem.Notwantingtomisstheaction,hewenttoEuropeanywayandservedasadriverfortheRedCross.In1918,shortlybeforetheend18ofthewar,hewaswoundedandhadtoreturntotheStates.WhentheSecondWorldWarbegan,heagainreturnedtoEuropeasareporter.Hewaspresentatmostoftheimportantbattlesofthewarandhisexperiencesbecamethebasisofhisbooks.In1952,hewroteashortnovelwhichisoneofhisbest.Forthisbook,hewonthePulitzerPrize.Andtwoyearslater,hereceivedtheNobelPrizeforLiterature.18
