欢迎来到英语课堂\n走向高考·英语路漫漫其修远兮吾将上下而求索外研版·高考总复习\nModules1－2DeepSouth&TheRenaissance选修八第一部分 基础知识聚焦\n基础知识梳理2考点探究演练3单元语法4基础知识巩固5课时作业6话题作文晨诵1\n话题作文晨诵\n话题：遵守交通规则随着经济的发展，在中国私家车越来越多，车祸也随之增多。请就此写一篇短文。关键词语：1．不遵守交通规则；2．应该制止酒驾；3．政府应该提高人们遵守交通规则的意识；4．司机应该适应车多人多的路况。\nⅠ.头脑风暴，知识链接单词短语1.pedestrian行人2．obey遵守3．frequent惯常的4．seek寻找5．promote促进，增进6．awareness意识7．emergency紧急情况8．vital重要的1.onbehalfof代表……2．appealto呼吁3．leavesth.behind把……抛在后面4．makeanattempttodosth.企图做某事5．goagainst违背6．inparticular尤其7．takearisk冒险8．betoblameforsth.对(坏事)负有责任9．adaptoneselfto使自己适应……10．incaseof如果，假使11．dealwith处理\n句式1.It'shardtoimaginehowsadwearewithafamilymemberkilled.2．Don'tmakeanattempttogoagainstthetrafficrulesoryoucan'tbesurewhatwillhappen.3．Inshort,protectingbothdriversandpedestriansfromaccidentsisofvitalimportance.\nⅡ.范文必背Therearemoreandmoreaccidentshappeninginthestreetsbecauseofthecarelessnessofsomedrivers.It'shardtoimaginehowsadwearewithafamilymemberkilled.Asaresult，onbehalfofallpedestriansIappealtoeverydrivertoobeythetrafficrulesandnottoleavebehindothers'safety.Don'tmakeanattempttogoagainstthetrafficrulesoryoucan'tbesurewhatwillhappen.Inparticular,thedriverswhotakearisktodriveafterdrinkingshouldbetoblameforthefrequentaccidents.\n\n基础知识梳理\nⅠ.单词速记核心必记1．__________(v.)储存，留存，使陷入困境2．__________(v.)逃跑，逃掉3．__________(v.)恳求；呼吁4．__________(v.)寻找；寻求5．__________(adv.)仅仅；只不过6．__________(adv.)(对错事或坏事应负的)责任7．__________(n.)(对某地区的)勘查→__________(v.)探索，勘查→__________(n.)探险者，勘探者trapfleeappealseekmerelyblameexplorationexploreexplorer\n8．___________(n.)状态；状况(v.)陈述→____________(n.)陈述9．___________(n.)深度→____________(adj.)深的(adv.)深地→____________(adv.)深深地→____________(v.)加深10．__________(v.)促进，增进→____________(n.)促进；促销11．__________(adj.)不正常的，反常的→____________(adj.)正常的statestatementdepthdeepdeeplydeepenpromotepromotionabnormalnormal\n12．__________(n.)缺乏；没有→___________(adj.)缺席的；不在的→___________(adj.)在场的；出席的；现在的(n.)现在(v.)表现，赠送→___________(n.)出席，存在，到场13．__________(v.)阻止；打消……的念头→___________(n.)勇气→__________(v.)鼓励absenceabsentpresentpresencediscouragecourageencourage\n14．__________(n.)鼓舞；启示；灵感→____________(v.)鼓舞，激励→____________(adj.)鼓舞人心的→____________(adj.)受到鼓舞的15．__________(n.)效果；作用→____________(adj.)有效的；起作用的16．__________(adj.)有技巧的，熟练的→____________(n.)技巧→____________(adj.)有技巧的inspirationinspireinspiringinspiredeffecteffectiveskilledskillskillful\n高频必知17．__________(adj.)每年的18．__________(n.)重力，地心引力19．__________(adj.)商业的20．__________(adj.)核的，核能的21．__________(adj.)轻便的；便携的22．__________(adj.)干净的；不含有害物质的；纯洁的23．__________(n.)紧急情况；突发事件24．__________(adj.)脆弱的；易碎的25．__________(n.)电池annualgravitycommercialnuclearportablepureemergencyfragilebattery\n26．__________(n.)荣幸，特权27．__________(n.)(犯罪)嫌疑人；可疑分子(v.)怀疑28．__________(adj.)极端的，极度的→____________(adv.)极端地，极度地29．__________(n.)(不断的)竞争→____________(n.)竞争对手(v.)与……相匹敌；比得上30．__________(adj.)令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的→____________(v.)使沮丧→____________(adj.)沮丧的；萧条的→____________(n.)沮丧，意志消沉；萧条(期)privilegesuspectextremeextremelyrivalryrivaldepressingdepressdepresseddepression\n31．__________(adj.)不很昂贵的；适中的；谦虚的→____________(n.)谦虚；节制32．__________(adj.)最少量；最小数→____________(adj.)最大量33．__________(n.)生态；生态学→____________(adj.)生态的→____________(n.)生态学家modestmodestyminimummaximumecologyecologicalecologist\n34．__________(n.)可靠性→____________(adj.)可靠的→____________(v.)依靠35．__________(v.)激发，激励→____________(n.)激发，激励，动力36．__________(v.)计算→____________(n.)计算→____________(n.)计算器reliabilityreliablerelymotivatemotivationcalculatecalculationcalculator\nⅡ.短语互译1．(使)适应____________________2．进入，到达____________________3．尤其____________________4．如果；假使____________________5．突出，显眼____________________6．依靠，依赖，取决于____________________7．历史上____________________8．出发去某地____________________adapt(to)setfootoninparticularincaseofstandoutdependoninhistoryleavefor\n9．leavesth.behind____________________10．onbehalfof____________________11．gettiredofdoingsth.____________________12．atliberty____________________13．upto____________________14．leadto____________________15．takeup____________________把……抛在后面代表……厌倦做某事；厌烦做某事获得自由的到(某个数量)导致，通向，通往从事，开始做(某项工作)\n情景活用选用上面的单词或短语的正确形式填空①The________(被困的)minerswerenot________(沮丧的).Instead,they________(鼓励)eachotherandtriedtheirbestto________(寻求)help.Atlasttheywererescued.②____________(代表)mymother,Ithankallthepeople________(在场的).Itisyouwhohavesavedmymotherintheaccidentand________(恳求)tothepolicetoarrestthedriverwhowasto________(责备)fortheaccident.答案：①trapped；depressed；inspired；seek②Onbehalfof;present;appealed;blame\nⅢ.典句析练1．____________thelate18thcentury________theBritishexplorerJamesCookcrosstheAntarcticCircle,butheneversawland.直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却始终未发现任何陆地。[解析]notuntil置于句首了，主句采用部分倒装。[仿写]直到河里的鱼都死了，村民们才意识到污染有多么严重。Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_______________.\n2．Thenin1895,aNorwegiancalledCarstensBorchgievinkbecame________man____________theAntarcticmainland.后来到了1895年，一个叫卡斯腾·博克林雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。[解析]当名词前有thefirst等序数词修饰时，其后用todo不定式作后置定语。[仿写]刘洋是中国第一位飞天的女航天员。LiuYangwasthefirstChinesewomanastronaut__________________________.\n3．______________thebestexampleofanewlifelikestyleofpaintingthatamazedpeoplewhenitwasfirstused.这被认为是一种新的形象逼真型绘画风格的最好代表，这种风格一经使用就使人们惊叹不已。[解析]sb./sth.isbelievedtodo/be...“某人/事被认为是……”。[仿写]人们普遍认为银行正在计划降低利率。______________________________acutininterestrates.\n4．Paintersdiscovered________perspectiveandtheeffectsoflight...画家们发现了如何使用透视法和光线的效果……[解析]howtouse...为特殊疑问词加不定式短语在句中作宾语。[仿写]我不知道下一步该怎么做，只好求助于老师。Ididn'tknow____________________andhadtoturntotheteacher.\n5．Soyoucanwalkalongastreetforhalfanhourorsoandendupfiveminutes__________________.那么你有可能沿街走了半个小时左右，结果离你出发的地点实际仅有五分钟的路程。[解析]where引导的从句作介词from的宾语。[仿写]休息了10多分钟后，奥巴马又从他所停顿的地方继续他的胜选感言演讲。Aftermorethantenminutes'break,Obamatookupthestory____________________inhisvictoryspeech.\n答案：1.Notuntil,did;didthevillagersrealisehowseriousthepollutionwas2．thefirst,tosetfooton;toflyintospace3．Itisbelievedtobe;Thebankarewidelybelievedtobeplanning4．howtouse;whattodonext5．fromwhereyoustarted；fromwhereheleftoff\nⅣ.课文回顾(一)AntarcticaisthecoldestplaceonEarth.It'salsothedriest.With__(1)__rainfallclosetozero，Antarcticaistechnicallyadesert.Coveringabout14millionsquarekilometersaroundtheSouthPole，itisthefifthlargest__(2)__intheworld.Ahighmountain__(3)__,theTransAntarcticrange,runsfromeasttowest，__(4)__thecontinentintwo.Therearevolcanoestoo，buttheyarenotvery__(5)__.Antarcticaholds90%oftheworld'sice,andmostofitsfreshwater(70%)isina__(6)__state,ofcourse.\n答案：(1)annual(2)continent(3)range(4)cutting(5)active(6)frozen(7)permanently(8)depth(9)coastline(10)imagine\n(二)Formanypeople,theRenaissancemeans14thto16thcenturyItaly，andthe__(1)__inartandarchitecture，musicand__(2)__whichtookplacethereatthattime.Butthereisoneworkwhich，perhapsmorethananyother，__(3)__thespiritoftheRenaissance:theMonaLisa.Itisbelievedtobethebest__(4)__ofanewlifelikestyleofpaintingthat__(5)__peoplewhenitwasfirstused.PaintedbyLeonardodaVinciintheyears1503～1506,theMonaLisaisamysterious__(6)__.PeoplewanttoknowwhoMonaLisais,andwhysheissmiling.ButtheRenaissanceis，ofcourse，morethanjustMonaLisa.\nRenaissanceisaFrenchwordwhichmeans“rebirth”anditfirst__(7)__inEnglishinthe19thcentury.ThewordwasusedtodescribeaperiodinEuropeanhistorywhichbeganwiththe__(8)__ofthefirstEuropeansinAmerica,anageof__(9)__，andthebeginningofthemodernworld.ItwasasifEuropewaswakingupandtheRenaissancerapidly__(10)__northwardstoFrance,Germany,England,andtherestofEurope.\n(1)________(2)________(3)________(4)________(5)________(6)________(7)________(8)________(9)________(10)________答案：(1)developments(2)literature(3)expresses(4)example(5)amazed(6)masterpiece(7)appeared(8)arrival(9)exploration(10)spread\n考点探究演练\n1.trapv．储存，留存；设陷阱捕捉；阻止，使陷入困境n．陷阱，诡计[填空→激活知识]①Thebombexploded,________victimsinthebuilding.炸弹爆炸了，把受害者困在楼上。\n②Thetwomen________________theburningcarwereindanger.被困在着火的车里的那两个人有危险。③We________________inthebasementforthemice.我们在地下室放捕鼠器捉老鼠。答案：①trapping②trappedin③settraps\n[知识归纳]betrappedin...被困在……trapsb.intosth./doingsth.用计使某人上当set/layatrap设置(捉……的)器具fallinto/becaughtinatrap掉进陷阱IwastrappedintotellinghimallIknew.我中计了，把所知道的一切全都告诉了他。\n[真题寻踪](2013·北京高考)Gracelosthertailasababywhenshegotcaughtupinafishtrap.小时候Grace落入捕鱼器里丢掉了尾巴。\n2．discouragev.阻止，制止；使泄气，使灰心，打消……的念头[填空→激活知识]完成句子①We________you________drunkdriving.我们劝你不要酒后开车。②Ifwecriticizethemtoooften，theywillget________.如果我们经常批评他们，他们会灰心丧气的。答案：①discouragefrom②discouraged\n[知识拓展](1)discouragesb.fromdoingsth.劝某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心(2)discouragedadj.沮丧的，灰心丧气的discouragingadj.令人泄气的，令人沮丧的(3)couragen.勇气(4)encouragev.鼓励encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事Thebadweatherdiscouragedpeoplefromattendingtheparade.恶劣的天气阻挠了人们去参加游行。\n[图解助记]\n3．effectn．结果；效果；作用；影响[填空→激活知识]选词填空(effect,affect,influence)①________apolicyistohavean________onit.②It'sclearthatherpaintinghasbeen________byPicasso.③He________greatchangesinthecompany.答案：①Toaffect;effect②influenced③effected\n[搭配]causeandeffect因果beofnoeffect无效，没有作用bring/carry/putsth.intoeffect使生效come/gointoeffect开始生效，开始实施(无被动语态)haveaneffecton/upon对……有影响takeeffect开始实行；开始生效\n[熟词生义]effectvt.招致，引起；实现，达到Heeffectedseveralimportantchanges.他完成了几项重要的改革。effectiveadj.有效的；生效的efficientadj.效率高的\n[真题寻踪](2014·江西·D)Theworsteffectsofprogresswillfallonthosewhoareunabletorethinktheirattitudesandviewsofsociety.进展带来的最差的影响将会落在那些不能反思他们对社会的态度的人。\n4．seekv.(sought;sought)寻求，寻找；追求；探求，探索；(正式)试图[填空→激活知识]①You'dbetter________helpwhenintrouble.有困难时，你最好寻求帮助。②Thepresident________________________morevotesbydevelopingtherateofemployment.总统试图通过提高就业率来得到更多的选票。答案：①seek②seekstoget\n[归纳]seekadvice/help征求建议/寻求帮助seektodosth.(正式)试图做某事seekone'sfortune寻找致富(或成功)的机会seekfor/after寻求，追求\n①Thestudentoftenseeksadvicefromtheteacheronhisstudy.这个学生经常向老师寻求学习建议。②Itisnobletoseekforknowledge.寻求知识是高尚的。③Youngpeoplelongtoseektheirfortuneintheworld.年轻人渴望闯天下。\n注意：seekfor与lookfor或searchfor意思一样，都表示“找的动作”，不强调结果。但是要注意，除了构成seekfor代替lookfor,searchfor外，seek还可以用作及物动词，有“征求意见”的意思。Iwillseekmydoctor'sadvice.我将征求我医生的意见。\n5．blamen．责备，指责；(对错事或坏事应负的)责任v．责备，归咎于[填空→激活知识]①Butyou________________________________，Ican't________________________________you.但这不怪你，我不能把责任推到你身上。②Youcan't________allyourproblems________yourfamily.你不能把你的所有问题都归咎于你的家庭。答案：①arenottoblame,puttheblameon②blameon\n[知识归纳](1)taketheblamefor...为……承担责任lay/puttheblameonsb.把某事归咎于某人(2)betoblameforsth.因某事而应受责备(不用被动语态)blamesb./sth.forsth.因某事而责备某人/某事blamesth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人Idon'tblameonyou.[口]我不怪你。\n①(2012·江苏高考)Tobehonest,itwasSu'sfaultbutLiwasalsotoblame—theywerenotcalmenoughandbothsaidsomereallymeanthings.说实话，这是苏的错，但李也要受责备——他们两个都不够冷静，都说了一些刻薄的话。\n②(2013·湖北高考)Othersblamegoodfood.Theysay:it'sjusttooinvitinganditmakesthemovereat.StillotherslaytheblameontheAmericans,complainingthatpoundshavepiledonthankstoeatingtoomuchAmericanstylefastfood.有些人责备美食。他们说：它太诱人了这使得他们多吃。还有些人把责任归咎于美国人，抱怨说体重增加是因为吃了太多美国式的快餐。\n6.incaseof如果；假使；以防[填空→激活知识]完成句子①Writethetelephonenumberdown________________youforget.把电话号码写下来以免忘了。②________________________shouldyouforgetyourtask.你绝不能忘记自己的任务。答案：①incase②Innocase\n[知识拓展]incase如果；万一；假使incasethat万一，以防innocase绝不，无论如何不inthis/thatcase如果/既然这样/那样的话asisoftenthecase这是常有的事\n提示：(1)incase表示“万一”，可单独使用，也可引导从句(有时用虚拟语气)。后跟表示将来的从句，从句不用将来时态，用一般现在表将来，但也可用should,might等情态动词。(2)innocase“绝不”，置于句首时，句子采用部分倒装语序。\n7．comeupwith想出；提供[填空→激活知识]完成句子Inthemeeting，someone________________________agoodproposal，whichmeansagoodproposal________________.在会议上，一个好的提议被提出，也就是有人提出了好的提议。答案：cameupwith；cameup\n\n[知识拓展]comeacross被理解；被传达；碰见；偶然遇见cometoanend结束cometo总计；达到；谈到；归纳为……comeintobeing形成；产生cometooneself苏醒过来comedownto...下垂到；达到；流传下来；可归结为comeoutof出自；生自；脱离comeintouse开始使用\n8．leavesth.behind把……抛在后面，遗留[填空→激活知识]Heisverytiredfromworkingallday.Don't________(leave)himwaitingoutsideintherainanylonger.答案：leave\n[知识拓展]leavealone不干预，不打扰；不碰leavefor...动身去……leaveoff停止leaveout不包含；漏掉leaveover留下；剩下；留待后用leavesb.tohimself听任某人自行其是leave...with...把……交给……leavesb.doingsth.使/让某人做某事\n9．takeup开始从事；专注于；拿起；继续；接下去；占据(空间)，占去(时间)[填空→激活知识]MyinterestinsurfingontheInternethastaken________mostofmysparetime,butithasrepaidmeagreatdealofenjoyment.答案：up\n[知识链接]takeout拿出；拔掉；去掉takein收留；包括；吸收；改小(衣服)；欺骗takefor当作；误认为takeback撤销；收回takeafter相似takeover接管；接任\n10.SincemostAntarcticrocksaredarkincolour,theystandoutagainstthewhitebackgroundandareeasytoidentifyandcollect.南极洲的大多数岩石是深色的，它们在白色冰雪的映衬下格外显眼，也就易于识别和搜集。\n[填空→激活知识]仿写句子①这种方法用起来更好。_____________________________________________②照料这个孩子很容易。___________________________________________③我发现这些食物很难保存。______________________________________________答案：①Thismethodismuchbettertouse.②Thechildiseasytotakecareof.③Ifindthefood(is)difficulttopreserve.\n[构建→导图助记](1)本句中(they)areeasytoidentifyandcollect是“人/物＋be＋adj.＋动词不定式的主动形式”结构，表示主语的特征。如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，一定要在动词后加适当的介词。(2)这种结构常变成“make/find/think＋人/物＋adj.＋动词不定式”这种形式来考查。\n①Inmanypeople'sopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasanttodealwith.在很多人看来，虽然那家公司相对较小，但和它打交道令人愉快。②Thedesignermadethebedcomfortabletolieon.设计师使得这种床躺上去舒服。\n单元语法\n主语；动词&非谓语动词语法填空1．It'sthepresentsituationinpoorareasthatcalls________muchhigherspendingoneducationandtraining.答案：forcallfor“(公开)要求，需要”，符合题意。\n2．Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts________(show)thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek________goodforone'shealth.答案：shows;is考查名词作主语时的主谓一致。句意：对专家看法的调查显示每周三个小时的户外活动有益健康。主句主语是asurvey，谓语动词应用单数形式；从句主语是threehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek，表示一个整体概念，因此谓语动词也应用单数形式。\n3．—Areyoustillmadather?—Notreally,butIcan't________thatherremarkshurtme.答案：deny句意：——“你还生她的气吗？”——“不生气了，但不可否认她的话伤害了我。”deny“否认，拒绝相信”。由答句意思可知用deny。4．(2015·河南郑州高中毕业年级质量预测改编)Wedidn'tknowhehadattendedtheimportantlecturebecausenoonetoldhimabout________(be)itthefollowingday.答案：therebeing句意：我们不知道他参加了那次重要的演讲，因为没有人告诉他第二天有演讲。介词about后应使用therebe的动名词形式therebeing。\n5．(2015·河北普通高中高三质量监测改编)Sittingatthecornerofthemeetingroom,helookedsadbecausethereweresomanyproblemsremaining________(settle).答案：tobesettled句意：坐在会议室的角落里，他看起来很伤心，因为仍然有那么多问题需要解决。remaining在therebe结构中作后置定语，且settle与problems之间构成动宾关系，故用不定式的被动形式。remain后接不定式表示动作还未完成。\n1.(陕西高考改编)Notuntilthemotorbikelookedalmostnew______hestoprepairingandcleaningit.答案：didnotuntil置于句首时，主句要部分倒装，即将助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主语之前。2．(湖北高考改编)Theyoungmanmadea________tohisparentsthathewouldtrytoearnhisownlivingaftergraduation.答案：promisemakeapromise“许下诺言”。\n3．(湖北高考改编)Thelosshasnotyetbeen________(calculate)accurately,butitisbelievedtobewellbeyondahundredmilliondollars.答案：calculated句意：虽然损失还没有精确计算出来，但是人们认为很可能超过1亿美元。calculate“计算，估算，估计”，用其过去分词形式。\n4．(山东高考改编)—Wheredidyougettoknowher?—Itwasonthefarm________weworked.答案：where考查定语从句在强调句结构中的应用，很明显这里缺少表示地点的关系副词，只能用where。5．(2014·四川·8改编)I'llbeoutforsometime.________caseanythingimportanthappens,callmeupimmediately.答案：In考查状语从句。incase“万一，以防”。句意：我要出去一会儿，万一发生了什么重要的事情，马上给我打电话。\n基础知识巩固（点此链接）\n课时作业（点此链接）\n
