专题十三 社会文化类阅读+完形填空+语篇填空Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2022安徽合肥二模)Intoday’ssociety,languageplaysakeyroleindefininggender(性别)byvocabulary,andalsotheirnon-verbal(非语言的)vocabulary.Eachoneofthesedifferenttypesofwaysofcommunicatingisobviouslydifferentbetweenmenandwomen.Manydifferentstudiesshowthatmentendtotalkmuchmorethanwomen.Ithasalsobeenproventhatwomentendtospeakfasterthanmen;thisisduetothefactthatwomentendtobeinterruptedmoreoftenthanmenare,andalsohavetheabilitytospeakmoreclearly,precisely,andmorequicklythanmen.Inonestudyitwasfoundthatwomenspokeforanaverageofthreeminutesdescribingapainting,asopposedtothethirteen-minuteaverageittookmentodescribeit.Menandwomenalsotendtohaveaverydifferentnon-verbalwayofcommunicating,whichcanalsomakeitveryhardforoneanothertounderstandwhattheoppositesexistryingtosay.Men’sbodylanguageismuchmorereservedwhentalkingtowomen.Mentendnottomakeasmucheyecontactandtheygenerallystayfartherawayfromwomenwhentalkingtothem.Menavoidotherpeople’sbodyspacewhiletalking,andtheyalsotendtositbackwhentalking.Allofthesehavegivenofftheimpressionofdisinterestorboredom.Womenarebyfarbetterlistenersandmuchmoreenjoyabletotalkwithandtheytendtoraisemoretopicsforconversation.Womenalsomakeitclearerwhetherornottheconversationisgoingsomewhereorjuststuckinneutral.Afterlearningaboutourstylesofcommunicatingwitheachother,Ihavedecidedthatalthoughmenhavenotquitemasteredcommunicating,whatfun11\nwoulditbeifweallspokethesame“language”?Thelittlegamesmenandwomenplaywitheachotherwhileconversingwouldbelost.Thequestioneveryoneaskshimselforherselfaftertalkingwithsomeoneoftheoppositesex,“Iwonderifthere’ssomethingthere?”wouldnolongerexist.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,讲述的是“相反的性别,不同的语言”。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2referto?A.Thedifferencesbetweenmen’sandwomen’slanguages.B.Thedifferentspeedofmen’sandwomen’sspeech.C.Theabilityofmen’sandwomen’sspokenlanguage.D.Thenon-verbalvocabularyofmenandwomen.答案B解析词义指代题。根据第二段第一、二句“Manydifferentstudiesshowthatmentendtotalkmuchmorethanwomen.Ithasalsobeenproventhatwomentendtospeakfasterthanmen...”可知许多不同的研究表明,男人比女人更爱说话。事实证明,女性说话速度比男性快。再根据第二段下文“...thisisduetothefactthatwomentendtobeinterruptedmoreoftenthanmenare,andalsohavetheabilitytospeakmoreclearly,precisely,andmorequicklythanmen.”可知这是由于女性比男性更容易被打断,而且她们比男性更清楚、更准确、更迅速地说话。由此推知,此处this指的是男人和女人说话的速度不同。故选B项。2.Inwhatwaydomenandwomendifferaccordingtothethirdparagraph? A.Speedofunderstanding.B.Understandingofspeechroles.C.Politenessofcommunication.D.Applicationofbodylanguage.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Menandwomenalsotendtohaveaverydifferentnon-verbalwayofcommunicating...”可知男人和女人也有一种非常不同的非语言交流方式,故选D项。3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothedifferencesbetweenmen’sandwomen’scommunication?A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Skeptical.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Afterlearningaboutourstylesofcommunicatingwitheachother,Ihavedecidedthatalthoughmenhavenotquitemasteredcommunicating,whatfunwoulditbeifweallspokethesame‘language’?”可知,作者对男女之间的沟通差异是赞同的。故选B项。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?11\nA.Women,bornexcellenttalkersB.Men’sandwomen’ssocialrolesC.VocabularyandcommunicationD.Oppositegender,differentlanguage答案D解析主旨大意题。根据第一段“Intoday’ssociety,languageplaysakeyroleindefininggender(性别)byvocabulary,andalsotheirnon-verbal(非语言的)vocabulary.Eachoneofthesedifferenttypesofwaysofcommunicatingisobviouslydifferentbetweenmenandwomen.”和最后一段最后一句“Thequestioneveryoneaskshimselforherselfaftertalkingwithsomeoneoftheoppositesex,‘Iwonderifthere’ssomethingthere?’wouldnolongerexist.”可知,本文的主题是“相反的性别,不同的语言”。故选D项。B(2022安徽安庆二模)OnFriday,Germany’stelecomregulator(电信业管理者),theFederalNetworkAgency,announcedthatanumberofchildren’ssmartwatches,designedforages5to12,canallowsomeonetoremotelytapintothewatch’smicrophoneandsecretlyspyfromremoteplaces.Theregulatorisn’tjustworriedaboutthepotentialofpeoplespyingonchildren—it’sworriedthedevices(设备)canbeusedtospyonanyone.AndinGermany,it’sillegaltorecordprivateconversationswithoutpermission.Accordingtoourinvestigations,parentswereusingthewatches,forexample,tolisteninontheirchildrenduringclass,saidFederalNetworkAgencyPresidentJochenHomanninastatement.Smartwatchesthatmakephonecalls,liketheAppleWatch,arelegalinGermany.Theproblemwithmanyofthechildren’ssmartwatches,however,isthatthedeviceshaveaclassicspyingfunction,similartoababymonitor,whichcanbeeasilyactivated(激活)justbyusinganapp.TheGermanregulatorissoseriousaboutdestroyingthesedevices.It’saskingcitizenstodocumentthewatches’destructionandfileevidenceonline.Oncethewatchesaredestroyed,theregulatorwillprovidea“certificateofdestruction,”confirmingthedeedwasdone.Thisisn’tthefirsttimetheFederalNetworkAgencytoldGermancitizenstodestroyaconsumerdevice.Theregulatoronceprohibitedthedoll“MyFriendCayla”,whichwasfittedwithradiotransformingtechnologythatcouldallowchildrentobespiedon.Remindtechproducers:TheGermangovernmentwon’tjustbandevicesthatcanspyonanyone.They’lldemandthedevicesbedestroyedwithhammers(orwhatevermeansofdestructiononeprefers)—evenifthey’redolls.11\n【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。德国政府要求家长“毁掉”孩子的智能手表。就在中国父母们还在为孩子选择哪种智能手表而纠结时,德国政府已经全面封杀儿童智能手表,并要求国人毁掉已有的智能手表。在德国联邦网络局看来,儿童智能手表和智能娃娃都是“间谍设备”。5.WhyistheFederalNetworkAgencyconcernedaboutchildren’ssmartwatches?A.Theyaretooexpensivetoafford.B.Theycan’tbeusedinremoteplaces.C.Theyareharmfultochildren’shealth.D.Theycanbeusedtowatchanyoneinsecret.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“OnFriday,Germany’stelecomregulator(电信业管理者),theFederalNetworkAgency,announcedthatanumberofchildren’ssmartwatches,designedforages5to12,canallowsomeonetoremotelytapintothewatch’smicrophoneandsecretlyspyfromremoteplaces.”可知,它们可以被用来秘密监视任何人。故答案为D项。6.Howcanasmartwatch’sspyingfunctionbeperformed?A.Byusinganapp.B.Byusingababymonitor.C.Byfixingadevice.D.Bydownloadingsoftware.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“whichcanbeeasilyactivated(激活)justbyusinganapp.”可知,智能手表的监视功能可以通过应用程序来实现。故选A项。7.Whatwillcitizensgetafterdestroyingthewatches?A.Adocument.B.Adoll.C.Acertificate.D.Aprize.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段中“Oncethewatchesaredestroyed,theregulatorwillprovidea‘certificateofdestruction’...”可知,在毁坏了这些手表之后,人们会得到一个证书。可知答案为C项。8.WhatcanweinferabouttheGermangovernment’sattitudetochildren’ssmartwatches?A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.C.Acceptable.D.Unbearable.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段“TheGermangovernmentwon’tjustbandevicesthatcanspyonanyone.They’lldemandthedevicesbedestroyedwithhammers(orwhatevermeansofdestructiononeprefers)—evenifthey’redolls.”德国政府不仅会禁用那些给监视监听打开方便之门的设备,他们还会要求人们用锤子(或随便其他什么破坏工具)砸烂这些设备——就算是玩具娃娃也不会放过。由此可知,德国政府对智能手表的态度是不能容忍的。故选D项。11\nC(2022安徽江淮十校第二次联考)ThelastthingCaitlinHippwouldhaveexpectedasshepreparedtoturn28yearsoldwastobelivingathomewithherparents.Allshe’severwantedtodoistobecomeanelementaryschoolteacher.However,Hipphasrackedup(累计)$100,000(about0.67millionyuan)instudentloandebtandisn’tabletoearnenoughthroughworkingasapart-timeskatinginstructorandrestaurantservertoliveanywhereotherthanhome. Tosomedegree,multigenerationalhouseholdshavealwaysbeenapartofAmericanlife.However,thenumberofadultswhohavebeenmovingbackinwiththeirparentsorneverleavinghomeinthefirstplacehasbeengrowingsteadily.ThePewResearchCenterrecentlyreportedthat2022wasamilestoneintheevolvinglivingarrangementsofyoungadultsintheUS.Until2022,themostcommonlivingarrangementforyoungadultswastobelivingintheirownpropertyaspartofacouple.UBSFinancialServices,aSwissglobalfinancialservicescompany,releasedareportthatevensuggestsonereasonforthegrowingnumberofyoungadultsstilllivingathomecouldbethattheirfamilydoesn’twantthemtoleave.Thereportshowsthat74percentofmillennials(千禧一代)getsomekindoffinancialsupportfromtheirparentsaftercollege.Millennialsseetheirparentsaspeers,friendsandmentors(导师).Inreturn,theirparentshappilyprovidefinancialsupportwellintoadulthood,helpingfundeverythingforthem.StuartHoffman,chiefeconomistforthePNCFinancialGroupintheUS,said“Althoughjobgrowthformillennialssince2022hasimproved,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeanthatmillennialsarestartingtoflythenest,”hesaid.“Theymaylikelivingathomeandbeingabletosavemoney.”Headded,“Whileithasheldbackhouseholdformationandpurchasesonthings,theyareprobablytravelingmoreandeatingoutmore.Idon’tknowifitrepresentsachangeinmoralvalues.It’smuchmorecommonforadultchildrentoliveintheirparents’homesbecauseit’sbecomingpartoftheculture.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在西方的传统观念中,成年即意味着要离开父母,独立生活。然而现在,越来越多的西方年轻人更倾向于与父母同住。9.What’sthepurposeofCaitlinHipp’sstory?A.Toprovetheauthor’sview.B.Tointroducehersituation.C.Topresentthetopic.D.Tomakereadersrethinkabouttheproblem.答案C解析推理判断题。在西方的传统观念中,成年即意味着要离开父母,独立生活。然而现在,越来越多的西方年轻人更倾向于与父母同住……。作者在第一段讲述Caitlin11\nHipp的故事,就是为了引出本文话题,“在某种程度上,几代同堂一直都是美国人生活的一部分。然而,搬回来和父母同住、或从一开始就没离开过家的成年人数量正稳步上升。”故选C项。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart(Paragraph1)probablyreferto?A.Livewithparents.B.Liveindependently.C.Stayathome.D.Leavehome.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“However,Hipphasrackedup(累计)$100,000(about0.67millionyuan)instudentloandebtandisn’tabletoearnenoughthroughworkingasapart-timeskatinginstructorandrestaurantserver...”Hipp身负10万美元(约67万元人民币)的学生贷款债务。她目前的工作是兼职滑冰教练和餐厅服务员,所以她挣的工资根本无法让她离家独立生活。可知画线部分liveanywhereotherthanhome的意思是“离开父母独自生活”,故选B项。11.AccordingtoHoffman,whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Itisn’tnecessaryformillennialstoleavethenest.B.Theycanspendlessmoneyontheirdailylife.C.Moralvaluesarechanginggradually.D.Youngadultsarelivinginadifferentlifestyle.答案D解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Theymaylikelivingathomeandbeingabletosavemoney.”和最后一段内容可知,按照Hoffman所说,年轻人正过着一种不同的生活方式。故选D项。12.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Whyisthenumberofthemillennialgrowingsteadily?B.Whyhasthepercentageofadultslivingwiththeirparentsbeenontherise?C.Whyareparentswillingtohelpfundforyoungadults?D.Whydomoreadultstreattheirparentsaspeers,friendsandguides?答案B解析主旨大意题。在某种程度上,几代同堂一直都是美国人生活的一部分。然而,搬回来和父母同住或从一开始就没离开过家的成年人数量正稳步上升。所以本文主题应该是B项“Whyhasthepercentageofadultslivingwiththeirparentsbeenontherise?”为什么与父母生活在一起的成年人的比例在上升?Ⅱ.完形填空(2022黑龙江齐齐哈尔三模)WhenIwasayoungmanIhadmuchego(自负).IthoughtI 1 everything.Ilookedforwardtofameandsuccess.Icanevenrememberonceincollege 2 tellingoneofmyfriends,“Ifonlyeveryonelistenedtome,thentheywouldallbehappy.”I 3 leftschool,readytotakeontheworld.LittledidIknowtheworldwasabouttotakeonme. 11\nInthe 4 followingcollege,insteadofsuccess,Ifoundstruggles.Ihad 5 infindingwork.Myjobswereeithertemporaryorwere 6 badly.WhenmywifeandIhadchildren,wewere 7 tolearnthatbothofoursonshadAutism(自闭症)andwouldneedtobe 8 fortherestoftheirlives.Ihadno 9 whythishadhappenedtous. Intime,however,Ibeganto 10 .Myegowasdecreasingfast.Insteadofsuccess,Ifoundmy 11 inmomentsoflove.Playingand 12 withmysonsbroughtmesomuchhappiness.Myboys 13 memoreaboutpeace,patience,joyandlovethanIcouldhaveeverlearnedonmyown.Ibegantosharethe 14 Ilearnedthroughmywritingsandmylife.Ifinallyrealizedthatmy 15 inthisworldhadnothingtodowithfameorsuccess. 16 ,ithadeverythingtodowithallowingloveandlightintomylifeand 17 itwitheveryoneIcould. Youmaynotbehappy100%ofthetime. 18 canbeinthisworld.Yet,youwillfindajoynoearthly(世俗的) 19 couldevergive.Putallofyourmoments,days,andyearstogoodusethen. 20 themwithlove. 【语篇解读】本文为夹叙夹议文。作者年轻时很自负,认为自己一定会成功成名。不料毕业后不仅没有成功反而生活很困难,尤其是当听到两个儿子都有自闭症时,极度震惊。然而随着时间的推移,作者发生了变化。在与儿子的相处中找到了快乐和爱,找到了超越世俗的成功,就是好好利用你所有的时间,用爱激活它们。1.A.knewB.deservedC.possessedD.confirmed答案A解析考查动词。know“知道”;deserve“值得,应得”;possess“拥有”;confirm“确认,证实”。根据第一句“WhenIwasayoungmanIhadmuchego(自负)”可知,“我”年轻时很自负,所以“我”认为自己什么都知道(know)。分析选项可知A项符合题意。2.A.calmlyB.honestlyC.proudlyD.eagerly答案C解析考查副词辨析。calmly“冷静地”;honestly“诚实地”;proudly“骄傲地,自豪地”;eagerly“热切地”。根据前文可知,“我”很自负,认为自己什么都懂,所以才会骄傲地(proudly)告诉“我”的朋友……。故选C项。3.A.frequentlyB.finallyC.suddenlyD.smoothly答案B解析考查副词辨析。frequently“频繁地,屡次地”;finally“最后,终于”;suddenly“突然地”;smoothly“顺利地”。“我”最终大学毕业了,找工作。因此选B项。4.A.yearsB.monthsC.weeksD.days11\n答案A解析考查名词辨析。根据上下文可知,在大学毕业后的几年里(years),“我”没有取得成功,反而是生活得很艰难。故选A项。5.A.funB.regretC.powerD.trouble答案D解析考查固定搭配。fun“有趣”;regret“遗憾,后悔”;power“动力,能力”;trouble“麻烦,困难”。根据“insteadofsuccess,Ifoundstruggles”。struggle“难事”,可推断出“我”找工作很困难。故选D项。6.A.doneB.paidC.preparedD.judged答案B解析考查动词辨析。do“做”;pay“有报酬,领取报酬,领钱,付费”;prepare“准备”;judge“判断”。根据“Myjobswereeithertemporary...”可知,“我”的工作要么是临时的,要么是报酬差的。分析选项只有B项(被付报酬)符合题意,故选B项。7.A.exhaustedB.annoyedC.shockedD.embarrassed答案C解析考查形容词辨析。exhausted“筋疲力尽的”;annoyed“恼怒的”;shocked“震惊的”;embarrassed“为难的,尴尬的”。根据“...learnthatbothofoursonshadAutism(自闭症)”可知,知道两个儿子都是自闭症,一定是很震惊的(shocked)。故选C项。8.A.takenchargeofB.paidattentiontoC.putupwithD.takencareof答案D解析考查动词短语辨析。takechargeof“负责”;payattentionto“注意”;putupwith“提出”;takecareof“照顾”。根据上文可知,两个孩子都有自闭症,所以作者夫妇要照顾(takecareof)他们余生,故选D项。9.A.beliefB.hopeC.opinionD.idea答案D解析考查固定搭配。havenoidea为固定搭配,意为“不知道”。此句意为“我不知道为什么这事会发生在我们身上。”故选D项。10.A.agreeB.changeC.struggleD.improve答案B解析考查动词辨析。agree“同意,赞成”;change“改变,变化”;struggle“努力,挣扎”;improve“提高,改善”。根据文章可知,以前“我”是一个自负的人,但随着时间的推移,“我”不再自负。故可知“我”开始改变(change)了。故选B项。11\n11.A.challengeB.joyC.luckD.goal答案B解析考查动词辨析。challenge“挑战”;joy“快乐”;luck“幸运,运气”;goal“目标”。“我”在爱的瞬间找到了快乐,故选B项。12.A.laughingB.toyingC.swimmingD.working答案A解析考查动词辨析。根据后面的“和孩子一起玩带给我那么多的快乐”可知,带来快乐的还有和孩子们一起笑(laughing),故选A项。13.A.fetchedB.broughtC.preparedD.taught答案D解析考查动词辨析。fetch“取来”;bring“带来”;prepare“准备”;teach“教”。孩子们教给“我”的更多的是和平、耐心、欢乐和爱,这是“我”自己无法学会的。分析选项可知D项符合题意。14.A.theoriesB.contentsC.lessonsD.truths答案C解析考查名词辨析。theory“理论”;content“内容”;lesson“课程,经验教训”;truth“事实”。根据前文说孩子们教会“我”许多东西,这是“我”自已无法学到的经验教训,可推断出通过写作“我”开始分享“我”学到的经验教训(lessons),故选C项。15.A.demandB.careerC.purposeD.world答案C解析考查名词辨析。demand“要求”;career“事业”;purpose“目的”;world“世界”。“我”终于意识到“我”在这个世界上的目的与名声和成功无关。故选C项。16.A.ThereforeB.AgainC.AlsoD.Instead答案D解析考查副词辨析。therefore“因此”;again“再,又”;also“也,和”;instead“相反”。根据前一句说在这个世界上目的与名声和成功无关,而是与生活中的爱与阳光有关。前后两句是相反的,故选D项。17.A.sharingB.owningC.admiringD.enjoying答案A解析考查固定搭配。sharesth.withsb为固定搭配,意为“与某人分享某事”。本句意为“生活的目的也与我能与大家分享这些有关。”故选A项。11\n18.A.SomebodyB.NobodyC.EverybodyD.Anybody答案B解析考查人称代词。somebody“某人”;nobody“没人”;everybody“每个人”;anybody“任何人”。根据前一句“Youmaynotbehappy100%ofthetime.”可知,世界上没有人能一直快乐。故选B项。19.A.personB.matterC.successD.experience答案C解析考查名词辨析。person“人”;matter“事情”;success“成功”;experience“经历,经验”。本文中主要说作者在年轻时很自负,期待成功。然而事与愿违。毕业后一直没有成功,两个自闭症儿子让作者发生了改变,虽然没有物质上的成功,但作者却从儿子身上学到了许多,也可以说是取得了超越世俗的成功(success)。而且这个success贯穿全文,故选C项。20.A.LiveB.FillC.ExchangeD.Equip答案A解析考查动词辨析。live“实践,生存”;fill“充满,(使)装满”;exchange“交换,互换”;equip“装备,配备”。然后好好利用你所有的时间、日子和年岁。用爱来实践。故选A项。Ⅲ.语篇填空(2022陕西西安八校第一次联考)SomeofthemostinterestingwordsinEnglisharetheactualnamesofthepeoplefirstinvolvedintheactivitiesthat1.(convey)bythemeaningsofthewords.Thewordboycott,forinstance,2.(come)fromthecaseofSirCharlesBoytt(1832—1897),alandagentinIreland,3. wasostracized(孤立)byhistenantsbecauseherefusedtolowertherents.VidkunQuisling’sname4.(quick)becameabad5.(add)totheEnglishlanguageduringWorldWarII.HewasaNorwegianpoliticianwhobetrayedhiscountrytotheNazis,andhisname,Quisling,nowrefersto“traitor”(叛徒).Perhapsacommonernameexample,atleast6.youngpeoplearoundtheworld,isLevi’s.ThesepopularbluejeansarenamedafterLeviStrauss,themanwhofirst7.(make)theminSanFranciscoin1850.Perhaps8.mostcommonofallisthesandwich,namedfortheFourthEarlofSandwich(1718—1792),whocreatedthisquickportablemealsothat9.wouldnothavetoleavethegamblingtable10.(eat).Otherwordsinthisuniquecategoryincludelynch,watt,davenport,andzeppelin. 答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是英语中一些最有趣的词与参与活动人员的实际姓名有关。11\n1.areconveyed 考查语态。句意:通过词的意义所传达的活动。此处theactivities是先行词,复数形式,在后面的定语从句中作主语,activities和convey之间是被动关系,根据句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态,故答案为areconveyed。2.comes 考查时态。句子主语是theword“boycott”,单数第三人称,一般现在时态,故答案为comes。3.who 考查定语从句。此处SirCharlesBoytt是先行词,指人,在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语,故答案为who。4.quickly 考查词性转换。副词修饰动词,故答案为quickly。5.addition 考查词形转换。形容词修饰名词,bad是形容词,且前有a,故答案为addition“添加,添加物”。6.among/for 考查介词。句意:举一个也许是一个平民化的名字的例子,至少对世界各地的年轻人来说是这样,李维斯。根据句意可知答案为among/for。7.made 考查时态。根据in1850可知句子用一般过去时态,故答案为made。8.the 考查冠词。根据ofall可知句子用最高级,故答案为the。9.he 考查代词。此处sothat引导目的状语从句,句子缺少主语,可知用he代替theFourthEarlofSandwich。10.toeat 考查非谓语动词。句意:他不必离开赌桌去吃饭。此处是动词不定式作目的状语,故答案为toeat。11
