【优化指导】（新课标全国）2022高考英语总复习课时作业1Unit1必修1一、单项填空11．WhenIwenttowatchthe16thAsianGameslastmonth，Iwasgreatlytouchedbythefactthat______peoplefromallwalksoflifeareworkinghardfor______newGuangZhou.A．the；a B．/；aC．the；theD．/；the解析：考查冠词用法。第一个空泛指“人们”，因此people前不用任何冠词；第二个空表示“建设一个新广州”，故用不定冠词a。句意：当我上个月去看亚运会的时候，我被来自各行各业的人为建设一个崭新的广州而勤奋的工作的这个事实所感动。答案：B2．ThetsunamicausedbythestrongearthquakeinJapanin2022andthedamage______didtothepeoplearefarmorethanimagined.A．theyB．itC．whichD．that解析：考查代词。本句主语是两个并列的名词tsunami和damage；______didtothepeople是thedamage的定语从句。定语从句缺少主语，从意义上看定语从句的主语应为“海啸”，故用it代替。定语从句省略了在从句中作did的宾语的关系代词which或that。句意：2022年日本的大地震引起的海啸以及海啸给人们带来的损失远远超出了我们的想象。答案：B3．Ifithadbeenpossible，Iwouldhavesavedthedrowningboyyesterday，butI______.A．can’tswimB．couldn’tswimC．didn’tswimD．wasn’tswim解析：前面是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，but引导的从句表示的是真实情况，“我不会游泳”是目前的事实，因此用can’tswim。句意：如果可能的话，昨天我就救那个溺水的小男孩了，但是我不会游泳。答案：A4．______MidautumnDay，ratherthan______intheroom，Ipreferred______toseethemooninthebluesky.A．Havingbeen；stay；gooutB．Being；tostay；togooutC．Itbeing；stay；togooutD．Itwas；tostay；goout7\n5．Isthisthecomputeryouwishto______？A．haveitrepairedB．repairitC．haverepaireditD．haverepaired解析：havesth.done表示“找人干某事”，结构中的宾语和主语都不是动作的发出者。youwishtohaverepaired是省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词computer，其中that作了have的宾语。句意：这就是你想找人修的那台计算机吗？答案：D6．Jackwassotalkyastohavetoldthem______wehadplannedtodoprivatelythenextweek.A．whatthatB．thatallC．allwhichD．allwhat7．It’sthecity______youaregoingtopayavisitto______thiskindofbeerisproduced.A．/；whereB．where；thatC．/；thatD．that；which解析：第一个空是省略了that的定语从句。第二个空where引导的也是定语从句，都修饰先行词thecity。答案：A8．Iwouldliketoknow______themansaidmeans.A．whatB．thatC．whatwhatD．thatwhat解析：考查名词性从句。whatthemansaid是宾语从句中的主语从句，what作said的宾语；第一个what引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中作means的宾语。答案：C9．Hardly______whenthefloodpeakarrived.7\nA．theyhadlefttheirvillageB．theylefttheirvillageC．didtheyleavetheirvillageD．hadtheylefttheirvillage解析：否定副词hardly放于句首构成倒装句。Hardly＋had＋主语＋donewhen...did...是固定的句式。句意：他们刚离开他们的村庄，洪峰就来到了。答案：D10．Iamstudyingin______university______myfatheroncestudied.A．thesame；thatB．thesame；whereC．thesame；asD．asthesame；as解析：university是先行词，后面部分是定语从句，因为定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，因此用where而不用as。此题是陷阱题，易被错看成thesame...as结构而错选C项。答案：B11．______，Ibelieve，andyouwillfindTomisveryoutgoing.A．HavingatalkwiththestudentB．OnetalkwiththestudentC．GivenatalkwiththestudentD．Ifyouhaveatalkwiththestudent解析：考查固定句式：祈使句＋and＋将来时的陈述句。此处的祈使句部分用得是名词短语。句意：我相信和那个学生谈一谈，你就会发现Tom很外向。答案：B12．—Whatdoyouthinkcausedthetrafficaccident?—Itwasprobablythecardriver'sspeeding.Thewitnesssaidthatthecar______atmorethan80kmphwhenitcrashed.A．wentB．wasgoingC．wouldgoD．hadgone解析：考查动词的时态。语境为“目击者说，撞车时那辆汽车正以每小时80多公里的速度行驶”，又因为状语从句的时态是过去时，故应用过去进行时。答案：B13．Theboyspentawholeday______inhisownroomtoescapebeingpunishedbyhisparents.A．lockingB．tolockC．lockedD．beinglocked解析：考查非谓语动词。动词lock与主语the7\nboy之间是被动关系，因此选用过去分词表示被锁着的状态。答案：C14．Astimewentby，HeliocentricTheoryNicolausCopernicushadstuck______correct.A．toprovingB．provedC．toprovedD．tobeproved15．Tensofpeople______intheZhouqumudrockflowbynow.A．arestillmissingB．werestillmissingC．arestillmissedD．havestillmissed解析：missing表示“失踪，丢失”，arestillmissing表示直到现在存在的状态；missed表示“错过”。此题不要受bynow干扰而错选D项。答案：A二、阅读理解AIwastoldtoarriveat6am.Ihadneverworkedinanabattoir(屠宰场)before，butasasinglemotherwiththreekidstosupport，Ihadnootherchoice.Besides，itwastheonlyplaceIcouldreachonfoot.Itwastheyearof1989，andIwasthefirstwomantoworkunderthechain.Thechainwasmadeofheavymetal，withlargehooks(挂钩)hangingfromit.Itextended(延伸)overthreelevels.Sevenyoungmenworkedonthetoplevel，aboutfourmetersabovetheground.Theywouldskinthedeadpigs，cutoffthefeet，andsendthebodiesdownthechaintothenextlevel.Hereanothersevenoreightmenwouldcutthebodiesintofourpieces.Thentheysentthesepiecesdowntothethirdandlowestlevel，wheretheinnards(内脏)wereremoved.BesidemewasMario，alargeItalianman.Hedidn’tlikeawomancomingintotheallmaleworkplace，neitherdidtheothers.Iwasterrifiednotonlyofthemen’sdislike，butalsoofthechain.Itmovedcontinuallyalong，withloudnoises.CouldIkeepup?Thechainstarted.Itwasn’tlongbeforethepiecescametomylevel.Mariobegantoremovetheinnards.Hedidhisworkwithgreatforce，coveringmeinblood.Thisraisedahugelaughalongthechain.BythetimewecouldtakearestIwasamess.But7\nIkeptquiet.Ineededthisjob.Iwentbackaftertherestandthesamethinghappened.StillIkeptquiet，notspeakingtoanyone.Ifanyonehadspokentome，Iwouldhavecried.ButImanagedtofinishmyworkthatday，andIdidn’ttellmychildrenaboutmyawfuldaythatnight.InsteadImadejokesandtoldthemaboutthesegreatguysunderthechain，especiallyMario.作者是一位单身母亲，她来到屠宰场工作，却不受同事的欢迎。1．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Theauthorenjoyedworkingintheabattoiratlast.B．Theabattoirwasn’tfarawayfromtheauthor’shouse.C．Theauthorwasalreadyamotheroffourintheyearof1989.D．Theauthorhadexperienceofworkinginanabattoirbefore1989.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Besides，itwastheonlyplaceIcouldreachonfoot.”可知，该屠宰场是作者唯一可以步行抵达的地方。因此可以推知，该屠宰场离作者的家并不远。答案：B2．Whatwastheworkofthepeopleonthesecondlevel?A．Skinningdeadpigs.B．Cuttingoffthefeetofdeadpigs.C．Cuttingthebodiesofdeadpigsintofourpieces.D．Removingtheinnardsfromthebodiesofdeadpigs.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Sevenyoungmenworkedonthetoplevel，...andsendthebodiesdownthechaintothenextlevel.Hereanothersevenoreightmenwouldcutthebodiesintofourpieces.”可知，第二层的工作人员负责把猪的身体切成四块。答案：C3．Theauthorfeltfrightenedpartlybecauseof______.A．Mario’slaughB．thesoundsofpigsC．thesightofbloodD．themovingandnoisychain解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Iwasterrifiednotonlyofthemen’sdislike，butalsoofthechain.Itmovedcontinuallyalong，withloudnoises.”可知，不停移动的、嘈杂的链子让作者感到害怕。7\n答案：D4．Accordingtothepassage，theauthor______.A．wasn’ttheonlyfemaleworkerintheabattoirB．couldn’thelpcryingwhileworkingintheabattoirC．foundhercolleaguejustplayedajokeonherD．sharedpartofherfirstdayintheabattoirwithherkids解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“...Ididn’ttellmychildrenaboutmyawfuldaythatnight.InsteadImadejokesandtoldthemaboutthesegreatguysunderthechain，especiallyMario.”可知，作者并没有告诉她的孩子这一天有多糟糕，只是讲述了关于她同事的一些事情。因此可知答案。答案：DBOnedayyouwalkdowntoalocalfoodstorefordinner.Thenyouareonthewaybackhome.Suddenlyyoufindapianohasfallenonthefootpath，rightwhereyoupasseveryday.Ifyouhadsetouttenminutesearlier，youwouldhavebeenhit.Youmustthinkthat’sfrightening.Thenjustimaginehowtheearthfeels.Earlyin1987anasteroid(小行星)measuringhalfamileindiameter(直径)cameby，missingourplanetbymerelysixorbitalhours.Anorbitalhourissimplyameasureofhowfartheearthmovesaroundthesuninonehour.So，hadwebeensixhoursaheadofwhereweare，orhadtheasteroidcomebysixhourslater，helloenormouscollision(碰撞)．And，quitepossibly，everythingmaydisappear.Ohcomeon，youmaysay.Wouldacollisionreallyhavebeenthatserious？Afterall，theearthhasadiameterofeightthousandmiles.Beinghitbyahalfmilewideasteroidwouldbelikebeingtappedbyabigball.Inonesense，thatistrue.Theearthitselfwouldnotbemovedfromitsorbit，oranythingthatdramatic.Butwewholiveherewoulddefinitelyhavenoticed.Calculationshaveshownthattheexplosionwouldhavebeenequaltoonethousandmilliontonsofexplosives(炸药)goingoffallatonce.Amassofdustwouldhavebeenthrownupintothestratosphere(平流层)，graduallydarkeningtheskiesandgettingtheplanetcoldformonthsorevenyears.Manyscientistsbelievejustthiskindofthingwipedoutthedinosaurs，bychangingtheenvironmentrapidly.早在1987年，一颗小行星差点撞上地球。你知道小行星撞上地球会带来怎样的后果吗？可能最直接的后果就是几个月甚至几年的寒冷天气。7\n5．TheimaginaryexperienceinParagraph1iswrittento______.A．tellastoryB．giveadviceC．raisethetopicD．providefacts解析：推理判断题。根据后文描述可知，第一段叙述的假想经历是为了引出本文的话题，即小行星撞上地球会有什么后果。答案：C6．ThroughParagraph2theauthorwantstoshowus______.A．whattheorbitalhourisB．sixhoursmakesadifferenceC．howriskyanasteroidcanbeD．thecommonwidthofanasteroid解析：推理判断题。第二段介绍了什么是轨道小时。1987年一颗小行星仅差6个轨道小时就撞击到了地球。如果地球提早绕行6小时或者这颗小行星晚6小时靠近地球，都会导致巨大的碰撞，既而很可能一切灰飞烟灭。因此，通过第二段作者想向我们介绍6个小时关系重大，改变了地球的命运。答案：B7．Whatisprobablythedirectresultofanasteroidhittingtheearth?A．Abigholeintheearth.B．Therapidglobalwarming.C．Thedisappearanceofanimals.D．Thelowtemperatureoftheearth.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Amassofdustwouldhavebeenthrownupintothestratosphere，graduallydarkeningtheskiesandgettingtheplanetcoldformonthsorevenyears.”可知，小行星撞击地球后，尘土被抛向平流层，黑暗逐渐吞没天空，使地球数月甚至数年处于寒冷之中。由此可知，小行星撞击地球可能的直接后果就是地球上的低温。答案：D8．Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?A．Inasciencemagazine.B．Inatravelguide.C．Inafilmreview.D．Inastorybook.7
