【优化指导】（新课标全国）2022高考英语总复习课时作业11Unit1必修3一、单项填空1．Thedriverwasat______losswhen______wordcamethathewasforbiddentodriveforspeeding.A．/；the B．a；theC．/；/D．a；/解析：考查冠词用法。句意：当那个司机得知他因超速驾驶而被禁止开车时，他感到很迷茫。ataloss是固定短语“迷茫，不知所措”；that引导的是word的同位语从句，word此处表示“信息，消息，口信”前面常不用冠词。答案：D2．I’llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogetherinthecountrysidewithfarmers，______hasagreateffectonmylife.A．that；whichB．when；whichC．which；thatD．when；who解析：考查定语从句。第一空后是定语从句修饰先行词days，因为定语从句中的动词spent缺少宾语，因此选用that或which，由此排除B项和D项；第二个空后是非限制性定语从句，不能用that。答案：A3．Thereisnolove，nofriendshipintheworld，like______ofparentsfortheirchild.A．thatB．thoseC．theoneD．theones解析：考查代词用法。it指同一个人或物；that特指同类人或物，可指代单数可数名词，也可指代不可数名词，此处that代指love。句意：世上没有像父母对待他们的孩子那样的爱和友谊。答案：A4．MengXiangbin，a2022TouchChinaMan，for______lifewaspriceless，diedforthepeople.A．whomB．whoC．whoseD．which解析：考查定语从句关系代词的选用。whom代替先行词Meng8\nXiangbin，在从句中作介词for的宾语。句意：2022感动中国人物孟祥斌，对他来说生命是无价的，为人民而死。答案：A5．Shanghaiisthefirstcityinourcountry______theWorldExposition.A．toholdB．tobeheldC．tohaveheldD．tohavebeenheld解析：考查不定式各种形式的意义和用法。根据句子的逻辑关系，上海是举办世博会的执行者，不能用被动形式，根据句子的意思，不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，因此用不定式的完成式。答案：C6．Ifyouwanttodosomethinggoodtosociety，pleasedon’tcare______othersthinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.A．howB．whenC．whichD．what7．______aroundthemuseum，wewerethentakentoseeafamousuniversity.A．HavingshownB．TobeshownC．ToshowD．Havingbeenshown解析：考查非谓语动词。因为动词show发生在weretaken之前，又因为show与其主语we之间是被动关系，故选D项。句意：我们被带领着参观了博物馆，之后我们又被带去看了一所著名的大学。答案：D8．—Heranintoatreeonhiswayhome.—Isupposehe______toofast.A．drivesB．wasdrivingC．droveD．haddriven解析：由ran可知，此处表示动作发生在过去，由语境可知应用过去进行时wasdriving表示“撞树”这一动作发生时车正开得太快。答案：B9．______thatIrememberwhatwas______afterhewentout，HeadmasterGaoletmerepeathisinstructiontimeandtimeagain.8\nA．Tomakesure；todoB．Toseetoit；tobedoneC．Makingsure；tobedoneD．Seeingto；done解析：第一个空是不定式作目的状语，seetoitthat是固定搭配“确保，务请”；第二个空betodo表示将来，而what与do之间是被动关系，因此用不定式的被动结构。句意：为了确保他外出时我能记住要干的事情，高校长让我再三重复他的说明。答案：B10．Whenwasitinthelibrary______youmethim?A．whereB．thatC．inwhichD．which解析：考查强调句。原句为：Whendidyoumeethiminthelibrary？，本题对特殊疑问词when加以强调。答案：B11．Neverbelieveanything______anyotherpersonhasbelievedit.Useyourownhead.A．thatB．unlessC．becauseD．once解析：考查状语从句的关联词。句意：绝不能因为别人相信的事情你就相信，你要动脑去想。答案：C12．PleaseforgivemeifIhavehurtyou.Iwouldrather______anythingthedaybeforeyesterday.A．wouldn’tsayB．nothavesaidC．didn’tsayD．don’tsay解析：考查wouldrathernothavedonesth.相当于wouldrathersb.hadn’tdonesth.表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。句意：如果我伤害了你请原谅我。我但愿前天什么也没有说。答案：B13．When______differentlanguages，wemaylearnabouttherebeingnotonlysomedifferencesbutmanysimilarities.A．comparingB．beingcomparedC．comparedD．havingcompared解析：考查非谓语动词的用法。主句中的主语we与选项compare之间是主动关系，因此，选用现在分词表主动。答案：A8\n14．Thedescriptionwaspretty______，sothepolicecouldn’tfigureouttheportraitofthecriminal.A．vagueB．accurateC．particularD．vain解析：考查形容词辨析。由后半句结果状语“警察不能断定罪犯的肖像”可知，对罪犯的描述是不清楚的。vague“不清楚的”；accurate“精确的”；particular“特别的”；vain“无益的”。答案：A15．—Whencanwegotovisityoutohavealookatyournewhouse?—Anytimeyoufeellike______.A．itB．oneC．soD．that二、阅读理解ATheUtahstudyshowspromiseforhelpingseverelyparalyzed(瘫痪的)patientscommunicate.Agroupofmicroelectrodes(微电极)wereplaceddirectlyonapatient’sbrain，whichmadeitpossibletotranslatebrainwavesintowords.Althoughtheyhaveonlydoneitwithonepersonandindividualwordscanonlybeidentifiedwithaccuracyof50%intests，thestudyprovideshopeforpeople_who_are“locked_in”andcancommunicateonlybyblinking(眨眼)ormovingafingertip.Researchershavemadegreatprogressindevelopingwaysforpatientstomoveamouseorevenamanmadearmusingelectrodesimplanted(植入)inthebrain.Butresearchersareunwillingtoimplantelectrodesinthespeechcenterforfearofcausingirreversible(不可挽回的)damage.Someresearchershavebeenattemptingto“read”speechcentersinthebrainusingelectrodesplacedonheads.Buttheaccuracyisverylow.Greger，theleadresearcherandhiscolleaguesinsteadusegroupsofmicroelectrodesthatareplacedincontactwiththebrain，butnotimplanted.Inthecurrentstudy，theyusedtwogroups，eachwith16microelectrodes.Theywereplaceddirectlyonthebrainofavolunteerpatient.Theteamtested10words，such8\nas“yes”，“no”，“hungry”and“thirsty”thatapatientmightneed.Thevolunteerspokeeachword31to96timeswhentheresearchersmeasuredbrainwaves.Inthebestcase，theresearcherscouldcorrectlydistinguishbetweentwowords，suchas“yes”and“no”，90%ofthetime.Butwhentryingtodistinguishamongall10words，theirbestaccuracywas48%.Gregerbelievestheaccuracycanbeimprovedbyusingmoremicroelectrodes，andtheteamisnowworkingonit.“We’reprettyhopefulthat，withabetterdesign，we’llbeabletotranslatemorewordsand，intwoorthreeyearsgetapprovalforarealtestinparalyzedpatients，”hesaid.来自犹他州的研究人员通过在病人头上安放微电极，能够把病人脑电波“翻译”成大家能读懂的语言。这给那些严重瘫痪，虽然有意识但却无法说话的病人带来了希望。1．Agroupofmicroelectrodeswereplacedonapatient’sbraintohelpseverelyparalyzedpatients______.A．standupagainB．expresstheirthoughtsC．reducetheirphysicalpainsD．recovertheirreasoningability解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“...helpingseverelyparalyzedpatientscommunicate.Agroupofmicroelectrodeswereplaceddirectlyonapatient’sbrain，whichmadeitpossibletotranslatebrainwavesintowords.”可知，安放在病人头上的微电极能够把病人脑电波“翻译”成大家能读懂的语言，从而帮助病人表达他们的想法。答案：B2．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mean?A．Peoplewhoarelockedinahouseandcannotgoout.B．Peoplewhosebrainsareoutofworkbecauseofparalysis.C．Peoplewhohaveclearawarenessbutareunabletospeak.D．Peoplewhocan’tmovetheirbodiesbecauseofsevereparalysis.解析：句意理解题。根据下文“...cancommunicateonlybyblinkingormovingafingertip.”可知，这些病人只能通过眨眼和移动指尖来与人交流，由此可推知画线句子指的是那些有清醒意识但不能说话的人。答案：C3．Whydon’tresearchersimplantelectrodesinpatients’speechcenters?A．Becauseithasonlyanaccuracyof50%.B．Becausepatients’speechcentersareoutoforder.8\nC．Becauseitishardforpatientstomoveamouse.D．Becauseitmightdamagepatients’speechcenterspermanently.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．MicroelectrodestranslatebrainwavesintowordsB．MicroelectrodesbringhopestoparalyzedpatientsC．ApplicationofmicroelectrodesinthemedicalfieldD．Thenewstudyonseverelyparalyzedpatients解析：标题判断题。本文主要介绍了来自犹他州的研究人员通过在病人头上安放微电极，能够把病人脑电波“翻译”成大家能读懂的语言。这给那些严重瘫痪，虽然有意识但却无法说话的病人带来了希望。答案：ABMybestfriendLarryisexceptionallysmall.Sometimesheislaughedatbyothers，butLarryknowshowtohandleit.Larryisbigatheart.Larrylovessports.However，hecan’tplaysome，likefootball.ButonesportseemstobemadeforLarry—baseball.WhenhefirstcametoourLittleLeagueteam，thecoachshookhishead.“No，I’msorry，butweneedbig，strongplayers，notabatboy(球童)！”Larryjustsmiledandsaid，“Givemeachancetotryout.IfyoustillthinkI’maweakplayer，I’llbethebestbatboyyouhaveeverhad！”Thecoachlookedathimwithrespect，handedhimabat，andsaid，“Okay，it’sadeal.”Well，obviouslynopitcher(投手)couldaimtheballinsideLarry’steninchstrikezone！Hewouldbesuretoruntothefirstbaseeverytime.Whenthecoachsawit，hebentover，andsaidtoLarry，“I’mproudtohaveyouontheteam.”He’sourstarplayer.YesterdayitwasourfinalgamewiththeCometsforthechampionship.TheirpitcherMattCrenshawwasameankidwhoneverlikedLarry—hecouldneverstrikehimout(使某棒球球员三击不中出局)．AsMattpassedourbench，hesnarled_at8\nLarry，“Whydon’tyougobacktoSnowWhitewhereyoubelong？”IheardhimandwasreadytogiveMattalesson，whenLarrysteppedbetweenus.“Cutitout！”heyelled，“Icanfightformyself.Let’splaybaseball，okay？”Inthefield，Larryroundedsecondandthirdandheadedforhome；hislegswerelikelocomotivewheels(火车头的轮子)．Thegamewasover，andwewerethechamp.Wegaveourwinner’smedaltoLarryforhisbrilliantperformance.Mattwalkedover.LarrygavehishandoutagainforthehandshakeMatthadrefusedearlier.“Itwasagoodgame，”Larrysaid，“andyoucameclosetowinningit...”MattlookedatLarryforalongtime，butfinallyMatttookLarry’shandandsaid，“Youareaworthywinner.”作者的朋友拉里个子矮小瘦弱，但是心胸开阔，他在棒球队中出色的表现使全队获胜，也因此赢得其他人的尊重。5．WhenthecoachrefusedLarry’srequesttojointheteam，Larry’sanswerindicatedthat______.A．hecouldbecomethebestbatboyB．hedecidedtogiveupthechancetobeaplayerC．hewantedtomakeadealwiththecoachD．hewantedtoprovehimselfasaplayer解析：细节理解题。从文章第二段Larry的回答“Givemeachancetotryout.IfyoustillthinkI’maweakplayer，I’llbethebestbatboyyouhaveeverhad！”可知Larry想得到一次尝试的机会，即Larry想证明给教练看，他可以成为一名棒球队员。答案：D6．Whichofthefollowingcanexplaintheunderlinedphrase“snarledat”inPara.4?A．Spokeunpleasantlyto.B．Askedcuriously.C．Spokeconcernedlyto.D．Challengedconfidently.解析：词义猜测题。画线前文提到“TheirpitcherMattCrenshawwasameankidwhoneverlikedLarry—hecouldneverstrikehimout.”对方球队队员MattCrenshaw不喜欢Larry，以及后文Matt说的“Whydon’tyougobacktoSnowWhitewhereyoubelong？”，可推知Matt很不友好地说出那番话。答案：A7．LarrystoppedtheauthorfromfightingwithMattbecause______.A．hecouldfightwithMatthimself8\nB．heknewhehadnoconnectionwithSnowWhiteC．heconsideredgivingMattalessoninthegameD．hewantedtheauthortoignorewhatMattsaid解析：细节理解题。从文章第四段Larry的回答“Let’splaybaseball，okay？”可知Larry清楚自己的实力——能够打败对方球队，以此来反击Matt对自己的侮辱，所以他阻止了作者。答案：C8．Fromthestorywecanlearnthat______.A．LarrycanmanagetopayothersbackfortheirillwordsB．MattiseasilyangrywithotherswhoarestrongerthanhimC．onecanbesuccessfulifheispatientD．onecanwinothers’respectbyhisperformanceandbigheart8
