【优化指导】（新课标全国）2022高考英语总复习课时作业37Unit2选修8一、单项填空1．Accordingtorecentreports，oneoftherareanimals，______crocodile，willbeindangerofdyingoutin______2022s.A．a；/ B．the；theC．the；/D．/；the解析：考查冠词。第一个空定冠词the用于单数可数名词前，表示类别；第二个空the用于“年号”的复数或所有格前表示年代，如：inthe1990s或inthe1990’s表示“20世纪”。答案：B2．Isthereasupermarketaround______Icanbuyapairofnewshoes?A．thatB．whichC．whereD．what解析：考查定语从句。around是副词表示“附近”，where(＝inwhich)引导定语从句修饰supermarket。此题易错选which，是在超市里面买鞋，而不是在超市的周围，故不选which。句意：这附近有我能买双新鞋的超市吗？答案：C3．Theoldmanisnotequalto______careofhimself.A．takeB．takingC．tookD．taken解析：beequalto此处表示“胜任”，其结构中的to是介词，后跟名词或动名词。句意：那位老人不能照顾自己。答案：B4．Scarcely______theyrushedoutofthebuildingintothestreet.A．didtheyfelttheearthquakethanB．hadtheyfelttheearthquakewhenC．didtheyfelttheearthquakewhenD．hadtheyfelttheearthquakethan解析：scarcely...when引导的从句位于句首，从句要部分倒装，而且主句用过去完成时态。句意：一感觉到地震他们就冲出大楼到街上去了。答案：B9\n5．Itwas______Janewasdismissed______howseriousthefinancialcrisiswas.A．notuntil；didsherealizeB．until；thatsherealizedC．notuntil；thatsherealizedD．until；didsherealize6．Americawas______wasfirstcalledIndiabyColumbus.A．thatB．whereC．whatD．theplace解析：what引导了表语从句。在从句中what作了主语，表示“地点”。句意：美国就是被哥伦布首次称作印第安的地方。答案：C7．IwonderifJohnhasforgottenmynumber.I______himtocallmeforthepasttwohours.A．wasexpectingB．haveexpectedC．havebeenexpectingD．expected解析：考查动词时态。由时间状语“forthepasttwohours”可以看出应用完成时，由第一句话可知，应用进行时，所以用现在完成进行时，表示我期待他给我打电话这个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时还在继续进行，有可能还继续下去。答案：C8．Asisknowntousall，anyonewhodrivesafterdrinkingalcohol______bepunished.A．canB．shallC．wouldD．may解析：考查情态动词的用法。shall用于二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话者的告诫、意图、命令、决心等。句意：任何一个酒后开车的人都会受到惩罚。答案：B9．Socialnetworkingisanimportantfactor______businesssuccess.A．devotingtoB．appealingtoC．attachingtoD．leadingto解析：考查动词短语在具体语境中的运用。lead9\nto“通向，导致”。句意：社会关系是使得事业成功的一个很重要的因素。答案：D10．Clothingmadeofmanmadefibershascertainadvantagesover______madeofnaturalfiberslikecotton，woolorsilk.A．oneB．whatC．thatD．those解析：考查代词的用法。that代替前面的clothing。此题易错选B项。答案：C11．______wesympathizewithLehmanBrothersHoldingswhohasgonebankrupt，wecan’treallydoverymuchtohelpthemoutofthedifficulties，especiallywhentheUSeconomyhassloweddown.A．AslongasB．AsC．WhileD．Even解析：考查状语从句中连接词的选择。句意：虽然我们对已经倒闭的雷曼兄弟公司表示同情，然而我们无法帮助他们摆脱困境，尤其是在美国经济已经放缓的时候。根据语境，应用while“虽然”引导让步状语从句。as常引导原因状语从句；aslongas“只要”引导条件状语从句；when“当……的时候”。答案：C12．ThreeboystudentsfromChangJiangUniversity，for______liveswerepriceless，diedforsavingthetwodrowningchildreninChangJiangRiver.A．whomB．whoC．whoseD．which解析：考查定语从句关系代词的选用。whom代替先行词threestudents，在从句中作介词for的宾语。句意：来自长江大学的三名男生，对他们来说生命是无价的，为救两个落水的少年献出了自己宝贵的生命。答案：A13．Don’tleaveoutanydetailinyouraccount，evenifaword______.A．countsB．managesC．performsD．acts解析：考查动词辨析。既然不要漏掉细节，这说明每个单词都很重要。count“重要”符合题意。答案：A14．Theyhaveinvitedustovisittheircountry，______isverykindofthem.9\nA．thatB．itC．whichD．what15．I______totakeaholidaythissummer，butIhadtochangemyplan.A．wouldhopeB．washopingC．hadbeenhopedD．hadhoped解析：hope动作发生在hadtochange动作之前，是“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。句意：我原打算今年暑假休假，但我不得不改变主意。答案：D二、完形填空ThelabormarketintheUSisstartingtorecover，butformanyyoungworkerstherecoveryisnotfastenough.__1__thenationalunemploymentrateisnowlower，onestudysuggestsAmerica’syouthfacesa(n)__2__uncertainfuture.ProfessorShierholzsaysyoungworkershaveyettoseesimilargains__3__aslowlyimprovingjobmarket.LawstudentElliotfeelsgoodabouthiscareerchoicesbuthe__4__theconditionsarenotgoodforstudents.“I’m__5__，”hesaid.“Ithinkpeopleareworkingongettingitbetter，butIthinkpeoplearegenerallyprettydiscouragedrightnowandIamwiththat__6__.”Insteadofhavingto__7__againstexperiencedworkersforfewerentryleveljobs，chemistrystudentDanplanstorideoutthestormuntiltheeconomy__8__.“Thingsarenotlookingtoogood__9__，soIwanttogetmyPh.D.，”hesaid.Buttimeshavechanged.ProfessorAymansays__10__willbenolongerasimportantasmarketableskills.“Whatemployersare__11__istheskillsandabilitieswhichwillmakea__12__.”JournalismstudentNicolesaysthatstudents__13__notlosesightoftheirgoals，buttheyalsoneedtobe__14__.“Evenifyou’reofferedajobthat’soutsideofwhatyou’dliketodo，__15__itifyoucanbecauseitcanhelp__16__youupinunexpectedways，”saidNicole.Shierholzsaysthegreattragedy(悲剧)isthatyoungworkershavefewer__17__nets.Manygraduatingstudentswhocannotfindjobswillnotqualifyforunemployment__18__.Theyenduphavingto__19__theirfamilyandfriendswhomaythemselvesbehavingbadlabormarketoutcomes.9\nShierholzsaysthegoodnewsisthatjobgrowthinthelastsixmonthshasbeenabovenumbersneededto__20__normalpopulationgrowth.本文讲述了美国当下不容乐观的就业情况以及不同专业的学生和专业人士对此的不同看法和分析。1．A.When B．AlthoughC．IfD．Once解析：根据句中lower和uncertainfuture可知，前后为转折关系。答案：B2．A.unbelievablyB．reasonablyC．increasinglyD．universally解析：根据句中uncertainfuture可知，年轻人对于未来日益不确信。答案：C3．A.insteadofB．inspiteofC．thankstoD．bymeansof解析：此处是让步关系。尽管就业情况在缓慢好转。答案：B4．A.admitsB．showsC．promisesD．proves解析：根据句中but和theconditionsarenotgood可知，Elliot要承认这个事实。答案：A5．A.independentB．optimisticC．proudD．practical解析：根据前句中feelsgood和后句中gettingitbetter可知，Elliot对就业持乐观态度。答案：B6．A.feelingB．senseC．mindD．belief解析：这里用feeling指代前面提到的prettydiscouraged。答案：A7．A.playB．competeC．voteD．beat解析：这里指职场方面的竞争，用compete。答案：B8．A.changesB．benefits9\nC．existsD．improves解析：根据句中rideoutthestorm可知，这里指等经济好转后。答案：D9．A.atfirstB．rightnowC．bychanceD．infuture解析：Dan选择继续求学来渡过就业压力，由此可知现在的经济形势不太好。答案：B10．A.knowledgeB．competenceC．degreesD．grades解析：Dan想继续深造拿到博士学位再工作，此教授评论说时代变了，可知学历并不像以前那样重要了。答案：C11．A.lookingforB．findingoutC．payingforD．workingout解析：根据教授的话可知，学历没有技能重要，因此雇主希望得到的是技能。答案：A12．A.successB．decisionC．differenceD．contribution解析：根据句中abilities可知，这里指有影响力的能力。makeadifference为固定搭配，意思为“有影响，有重要性”。答案：C13．A.mustB．mayC．willD．need解析：这里用must加强语气。答案：A14．A.reliableB．flexibleC．activeD．confident解析：根据下文内容可知，即使有的工作你不喜欢，也试着去做，说明在坚持目标的同时还要灵活。答案：B15．A.declineB．provideC．dreamD．take解析：这里用take指接受你不喜欢的工作。答案：D9\n16．A.pickB．liftC．makeD．clear解析：根据句中help和inunexpectedways可知，这样的工作对你的能力有所提升。答案：B17．A.healthB．valueC．educationD．safety解析：根据句中thegreattragedy和下文内容可知，这里指安全保障系统不健全。答案：D18．A.challengesB．benefitsC．advantagesD．features解析：由于保障不健全，没有就业的学生就无法享受失业保险金。答案：B19．A.dependonB．believeinC．sticktoD．lookafter解析：根据前文cannotfindjobs可知，没有就业的学生只能依靠自己的家人和朋友。答案：A20．A.comeupwithB．putupwithC．keepupwithD．endupwith解析：根据句中thegoodnews和语境可推断，所需就业增加的数量赶上了正常人口增长的速度，用keepupwith。答案：C三、短文填空根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。__1__Scientistsandexpertshaveprovedtheuniquenessoffingerprintsanddiscoveredthatnoexactlysimilarpatternispassedonfromparentstochildren，thoughnobodyknowswhythisisthecase.Theridge(隆起)structureonaperson’sfingersdoesnotchangewithgrowthandisnotaffectedbysurfaceinjuries.Burns，cutsandotherdamagetotheouterpartoftheskinwillbereplacedintimebynewone，whichbearsareproductionoftheoriginalpattern.__2__Somecriminalsmakeuseofthisfacttoremovetheirownfingerprintsbutthisisadangerousandraresteptotake.Fingerprintscanbemadeveryeasilywithprinter’sink.Theycanberecordedeasily.__3__Becauseofthesimplicityandeconomyofthissystem，fingerprintshave9\noftenbeenusedasamethodofsolvingcriminalcase.Asuspectedmanmaydenyachargebutthismaybeinvain.__4__Whenasuspectleavesfingerprintsbehindatthesceneofacrime，theyaredifficulttodetect(察觉)withthenakedeye.__5__Someofthemarksfoundareincompletebutidentificationispossibleifaprintofaquarterofaninchsquarecanbeobtained.A．Specialtechniquesareusedto“develop”them.B．Afingerprintisanimpressionofthefrictionridgesofallpartofthefinger.C．Itisonlywhentheinnerskinisinjuredthatthearrangementwillbedestroyed.D．Withspecialmethods，identificationcanbeachievedsuccessfullywithinashorttime.E．Alatent(潜在的)printisthechancereproductionofthefrictionridgesdepositedonthesurfaceofanitem.F．Hisfingerprintscanprovewhoheisevenifhisappearancehasbeenchangedbyageoraccident.G．Everyhumanbeinghasauniquearrangementoftheskinonhisfingersandthisarrangementisunchangeable.答案：1.G 2.C 3.D 4.F 5.A四、短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/\，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\划掉。修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及修改均限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从11处起)不计分。Whenoursixchildrenwereyoung，suppertimeisalwaysbeinginterruptedbyneighborhoodchildrenringthebell.Theywantedonechildoranothertocomeoutandplayed.Finallywehadgoodidea.Wehungasignonthefrontdoorthatwasread：“We’rehavingdinner.Comebacklater.”Thatnight，wesatdowntowhattheythoughtwouldbeapleasant，uninterruptedmeals.Andassoonaswebegandinner，thedoorbellrang.Onthefrontdoorstoodafiveyearoldboyfromacrossthestreet.Helookedupatusandsaid，“Ijustwanttoknowwhatthesignsay.”9\n9
