【优化指导】（新课标全国）2022高考英语总复习课时作业15Unit5必修3一、单项填空1．—Daddy，look！Why______rainbowislikeabow?—Oh，itisapologizingto______angrysky.A．the；an B．a；/C．a；anD．the；the解析：考查冠词的用法。句意：“爸爸，你看！为什么彩虹像个弓？”“噢，它在向生气的天空道歉。”第一个空考查“the＋名词单数”表示一类事物；第二个空用the表示特指“发怒的天空”。故选D项。答案：D2．Jackwasveryworriedbecausethatwasnotthefirsttimethathe______lateforwork.A．hadseenB．hadbeenseenC．wasseenD．wasgoingtosee解析：考查固定句式“it/that/thiswasthefirsttimethat后用过去完成式”。he与see之间是被动关系，由前面的worried看出他担心被看见，因此用被动语态。答案：B3．—Paulhasgoneabroadtotryhisluck.—Inmy______，hisdecisionisnotwise.A．wordB．viewC．sightD．way解析：考查名词辨析。inone’sview相当于inone’sopinion“在某人看来，按照某人的看法”。答语句意：在我看来，他的决定是不明智的。答案：B4．Who______hasconsciencewouldn’thelpapoorgirlintroubleout?A．whoB．whichC．butD．that解析：考查定语从句。因为先行词是who，所以用that引导定语从句，不用who。句意：凡是有良知的人有谁不愿意帮助那个处在麻烦中的女孩摆脱困境呢？答案：D5．______isknowntousallisthattheChinesegovernmenthassparednoefforts8\ntoprotectpeoplefromfakefood.A．AsB．ItC．ThatD．What6．Beingaparentisnotalwayseasyandbeingtheparentofachildwithspecialneedsoftencarrieswith______extrastress.A．itB．oneC．themD．him解析：句意：做一个单亲不容易，做一个需要特别照顾的单亲常常压力更大。it指代不明身份的aparent。carrywithsb.“随身带着”。答案：A7．HillaryClinton，whowasObama’smajorrivalinthestruggleforthenominationforthepresidency，nowhasto______hernewroleasSecretaryofState.A．turntoB．adopttoC．contributetoD．adaptto解析：考查动词短语辨析。adaptto意为“适应”。句意：……现在需要适应国务卿这一新的角色。答案：D8．AstronautZhaiZhiganghaseveryreasontofeelproudbecauseheisthefirstChinese______inspace.A．walkingB．havingwalkedC．tohavewalkedD．towalk解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查不定式作后置定语，修饰thefirstChinese。当名词和代词前面有thefirst，thelast等词修饰时，通常用动词不定式的一般式，作后置定语。答案：D9．Jackfeltunhappyastheyallwentouting______him.A．exceptB．butC．withoutD．besides解析：考查介词的用法区别。根据句子中的feltunhappy可知，没有带他去，因此，C项正确。答案：C8\n10．______thatyouarechosentoworkforalocalcharity，whatwillyoudo?A．AssumedB．ToassumeC．AssumingD．Tobeassumed解析：考查非谓语动词的用法。assumingthat...“假设……，假定……”，引导条件状语从句。句意：假如你被选为当地一家慈善机构工作，你将怎么做呢？答案：C11．Howisitthatwecannot______theviolentattacksontheworld’ssymbolofpeace，theOlympictorch?A．condemnB．tolerateC．struggleD．resist解析：考查动词辨析。condemn“谴责”。句意：对于暴力攻击奥运火炬的事件我们应该予以谴责。tolerate“容忍”；struggle“挣扎，奋斗”；resist“抵抗，压制”。答案：A12．I______you，butIdidn’tthinkyouwouldlistentome.A．couldhavetoldB．musthavetoldC．shouldtellD．mighttell解析：考查情态动词的用法。此处语意为“我当时本应该告诉你(couldhavetoldyou)，但我想你不会听我的话”。英语中常用could/might/should/oughttohavedone这一结构表示“本应该做而没做”。答案：A13．______youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A．WhatB．WhoC．ThatD．Whether14．—Ididn’tdowellintheexam.Whataboutyou?—Idid______you.Maybeevenworse.A．notbetterthanB．notworsethanC．aswellasD．nobetterthan解析：根据后面的答语“Maybe(Idid)evenworse(thanyou)．”可以知道，应该选D项。nobetterthan＝asbadlyas表示“和……一样的差”。8\n答案：D15．Thenewmachine，if______properly，willworkatleasttenyears.A．useB．usingC．beingusedD．used解析：考查分词与主语之间的关系。“ifthenewmachineisusedproperly...”是插入语。句意：如果使用得当，这台新机器会使用10年的。答案：D二、阅读理解AWehadasubstituteteacherinmyhighschoolWorldHistoryclass.Thisladywasveryniceandseemedexcitedtoseeus.Shetoldastoryaboutherfatherwhenhewasfightinginawarandbroughtapictureofhim.Afterabout3minutesofhertalking，theclassgotalittlenoisyandstartedtalkingsoftlytoeachotherbecausetheyweregettingbored.Sheasked，“So，youguysdon’treallywanttohearanymore？”Shelookedkindofoffended.Noonedaredtoactuallysay“no”toher，exceptonekid.Hesaid，“No，notreally，”inanindifferent，disrespectfulway.Somekidswerealittleshockedandthoughtthatitwasratherrude.Theteacherevenadmittedthatwhathesaidwasrude.Ifeltextremelybadforthisteacher.Nooneneedstobetreatedinsuchadisrespectfulmanner.So，bytheendoftheclass，Iwentupandrepresentedtheguytoapologizetoherforhisrudebehavior.ItoldherIhadbeenlistening，andeventhoughImightnotentirelylikehistory，Ididappreciatehersharingherstory.Iaskedhermoreaboutherfatherandaskedtoseethepictureofhim.Wehadaveryniceconversationaboutherfather.Thissubstituteteacherwastouched.Shereallyappreciatedmecomingupandactuallytreatingherwiththerespectthatsheshouldget.IwassuperhappythatIactuallymadeherday.EventhoughIdidn’treallycareforhistory，Istilllistened，andIhopedthatothersindifferentsituationswoulddothesame.Listeningmeansalottothepeoplesharing，itreallydoes.IfIhadjustlefttheclasswithoutsayingaword，Iwouldhavefeltextremelyguiltyandwouldhaveaconstantreminder，probablytothisday，thatjusticewasnotservedandIhadleftapersonintheirtimeofneed.课堂上有个小男孩对老师不礼貌，作者为他感到愧疚，替他向老师道了歉并给予老师尊重和聆听。8\n1．Whatmadesomekidsintheclasssurprised?A．Thestoryoftheteacher’sfather.B．Thatrudeboy’simpoliteanswer.C．Theteacher’spatiencewiththeclass.D．Theteacher’sattitudetowardstherudeboy.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Noonedaredtoactuallysay‘no’toher，exceptonekid.Hesaid，‘No，notreally，’inanindifferent，disrespectfulway.Somekidswerealittleshockedandthoughtthatitwasratherrude.”可知，没人敢说不爱听老师讲的故事，只有一个小男孩直言不讳地以冷淡的、不尊敬的方式做出了回答。这让其他孩子感到震惊，并认为这很无礼。由此可知，班上的一些孩子因为粗鲁男孩的回答而感到惊讶。答案：B2．Theauthorapologizedtotheteacherbecausehe/she______.A．feltsorryforthesubstituteteacherB．wasaskedtorepresenttheclasstodosoC．wantedtodevelopanunderstandingoftheteacherD．showedhe/shedidn’tlikethestoryoftheteacher’sfather解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Ifeltextremelybadforthisteacher.Nooneneedstobetreatedinsuchadisrespectfulmanner.So，bytheendoftheclass，Iwentupandrepresentedtheguytoapologizetoherforhisrudebehavior.”可知，作者替那位老师抱不平。没人应该受到这样不被尊重的对待。所以，快下课时，作者起身代表男孩为他的粗鲁行为向老师道歉。由此可知，作者为那位老师感到难过，因此向她道歉。答案：A3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Theauthordidn’tlikehistoryatall.B．Thestudentsthoughttheteacherwasn’tkind.C．Theteacherseemedtobeangryatthewholeclassatfirst.D．Infactthesubstituteteacherdidn’twanttoteachtheclass.4．Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat______.A．listeningisasimportantassharingintheauthor’sopinion8\nB．theauthorwashappybecausehe/shemadetheteacher’sclasssuccessfulC．theauthorwasluckythathe/shehadtakentimetoshowappreciationandlistenD．theauthorshouldhavelefttheclasswithoutsayinganythingtotheteacher解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“IfIhadjustlefttheclasswithoutsayingaword，Iwouldhavefeltextremelyguiltyandwouldhaveaconstantreminder，probablytothisday，thatjusticewasnotservedandIhadleftapersonintheirtimeofneed.”可知，如果作者当时一言不发离开课堂，自已会感到愧疚，也许直到今天，都会有种提醒：正义没有得到伸张，自己对需要帮助的人置之不理。由此可推知，作者很庆幸当天对那位老师给予了欣赏和聆听。答案：CBAlthoughthereismuchmoreknowledgethesedaysaboutenvironmentalproblems，westillseeagreatdealofwaste，especiallyinschools.Therearemanywaystoreducethewaste.Thefirstthingyoucandoisreducepaperwaste.Thisstartswhenyoubuyyourwritingpaperforschool.Lookforpaperthatisrecyclable.Itmaybealittlebitmoreexpensive，butitisaworthyinvestmentasonetonofthispapersaves7.2trees,2,100gallonsofwater,1,230kwhoursofelectricity，and18poundsofairpollution.Afteryouhavethispaper，therearemanywaystobesureyougetmaximum(最大极限的)useoutofit.Everyoneshouldwriteonbothsidesofthepaper.Also，unlessyouaretoldto，donotskip(跳过)lines.Onceyouaredonewithyourpaper，recycleit.Anotherthingschoolsoveruseiselectricity.Thereisnotmuchthatstudentscandotostopthis，butyoucantalktotheteachersabouthavingthecurtainsopentoletinnaturallight，sothatmaybeyouwouldnotneedallthelightson.Ifyounoticethatsomeonedoesnotturnoffthelightswhenhe/sheshould，youcouldmentionittohim/her.Thesesimplelittlethingsnotonlyhelptheenvironment，butalsocancutdowntheschool’spaymentfortheuseofelectricity.Thereisalsoagreatdealofwastecreatedinlunches.Whenpackingyourlunchesforschool，packyourfoodinreusablecontainers.Anotherveryimportantwaytohelptheenvironmentisnottobuybottledwater.Bringwaterfromhomeinareusablewaterbottle.Finally，studentsshouldcreateawarenessintheirschools.Setupenvironmentalgroups，putuppostersofenvironmentaltipsaroundyourschool，andtellyour8\nclassmatesandfriendshowtheycansavetheenvironment.Ifeveryonedidthesesimplethingsintheirschool，wewouldseeahugedecreaseinthewasteproducedinschools.Wecanhelptheearthonitswaytorecovery.本文主要介绍了如何减少校园内的浪费。5．Thepassageindicatesthat______.A．wasteinschoolscan’tbeignoredB．wasteinschoolsisthemostseriousofallC．schoolsarecausingmoreandmoreenvironmentalproblemsD．thereisn’tenoughknowledgeaboutenvironmentalproblems6．AccordingtoParagraph3，studentscanpreventschoolsfromoverusingelectricityas______.A．aplannerB．anadviserC．aninstructorD．anadvertiser解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Thereisnotmuchthatstudentscandotostopthis，butyoucantalktotheteachersabouthavingthecurtainsopentoletinnaturallight，sothatmaybeyouwouldnotneedallthelightson.”可知，学生可以向老师提出建议，打开窗帘，让阳光进入教室，从而节省电灯用电。答案：B7．Accordingtothepassage，studentscanreducewasteinschoolsby______.A．orderingfastfoodforlunchB．buyingCocaColaforlunchC．handingoutpostersofenvironmentaltipsintheschoolD．helpingtheirclassmatesraiseenvironmentalawareness解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“tellyourclassmatesandfriendshowtheycansavetheenvironment”可知，学生可以通过帮助同学提升环境意识的办法来减少校园内的浪费。答案：D8．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?8\nCP：CentralPoint P：Point Sp：Subpoint(次要点) C：Conclusion解析：篇章结构题。第一段引出了本文的中心：减少校园内浪费的方法；第二段是方法之一，即避免浪费纸张；第三、四、五段分别给出了其他方法：避免过度用电，减少午餐所带来的浪费和提升校园内的环境意识；最后一段对全文进行了总结：只要采取这些方法，就能大大减少校园内的浪费。因此可知答案。答案：C8
