考前冲刺卷(二)第Ⅰ卷第一部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节 单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Iactuallybelievethatwewouldwinthefootballmatchnowifyouontheleftleglastmonth.A.weren’tinjuredB.hadn’tbeeninjuredC.haven’tbeeninjuredD.wouldn’tbeinjured答案 B解析 句意为：我确实认为如果上个月你的左腿没有受伤的话，我们现在就能赢下这场足球比赛了。分析句子结构可知，Iactuallybelieve后是由that引导的宾语从句；且该宾语从句使用了混合虚拟语气，主句表示与现在情况相反，而if引导的虚拟条件句则表示与过去情况相反，故应用haddone结构。2.Tomwilltakechargeofthemeetingthisafternoon，andheisaskingonceheldthemeetingforsuggestions.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whom答案 A解析 句意为：汤姆将负责今天下午的会议，他正在征求曾主持过这种会议的人的建议。asksb.forsuggestions向某人寻求建议。根据句意及句子结构可知，空处在句中引导宾语从句，表示“谁”，且在从句中作主语，故需用who来引导该宾语从句。3.PekingDuck，asoneofthebestwaystoeatthedeliciousduck，hasearned20\nareputationbothathomeandabroad.A.regardedB.regardingC.beingregardedD.toberegarded答案 A解析 句意为：北京烤鸭——被认为是最好的品尝美味鸭肉的方式之一——已经享誉国内外。根据句意及分析句子结构可知，空处应填非谓语动词，且PekingDuck与regard之间是被动关系，故应用其过去分词在句中作后置定语。4.Thehousewasgreatlydamagedbythetruck.We’dbetterleavethingstheyareuntilthepolicearrive.A.whatB.whenC.ifD.as答案 D解析 句意为：这辆卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。在警察到来以前，我们最好保持原样。分析句子结构可知，空处应用as在句中引导方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，意为“按……的方式”。5.Listen！Johnson，togetherwithhisclassmates，theEnglishSpeechContesttobeheldnextweek.A.willdiscussB.hasdiscussedC.isdiscussingD.arediscussing答案 C解析 句意为：听！约翰逊和他的同学们正在讨论下周即将举行的英语演讲比赛。根据句中的“Listen”一词可知，空处所表示的动作现在正在进行，故应用现在进行时；又名词作主语，且其后有togetherwith连接的名词时，谓语动词的单复数应同前面的名词(Johnson)保持一致，故空处的谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。6.Thecottagehaslargewindowsoneverysideonecouldenjoythelakesidescenery.A.onwhatB.fromwhatC.onwhichD.fromwhich答案 D解析 句意为：这幢小别墅四面八方都有大窗户，人们可以透过窗户欣赏湖边的景色。分析句子结构可知，空处应用“介词＋关系代词(which/whom)”在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词windows，故关系代词应用which；再结合句意可知，可将介词确定为from，故选D。7.Atfirstthethiefstronglydeniedthathejewelryfromthestore，butwhenthesolidevidencewasshowninthepresenceofhim，headmittedeverything.20\nA.hasstolenB.hadstolenC.wouldstealD.wasstealing答案 B解析 句意为：这个小偷一开始坚决否认他从那家商店偷了珠宝，但是当确凿的证据摆在他的面前时，他承认了一切。根据句意可知，空处所表示的动作发生在denied所表示的动作之前，表示“过去的过去”，故应用过去完成时。8.—Ihavebeenconsideringcancellingtheprojectbecauseitseemshardtogofarther.—Butit’stooearlytonow.There’sstillmuchhope.A.pickupthepiecesB.throwinthetowelC.gothroughyourpacesD.jumpdownyourthroat答案 B解析 句意为：——我一直在考虑取消这个项目，因为它似乎很难更进一步了。——但是现在放弃努力的话为时尚早，仍旧有很大的希望。根据句意可知，throwinthetowel认输，承认失败，放弃努力，符合语境。pickupthepieces(使)恢复，补救，收拾残局；gothroughone’spaces展示自己的能力；jumpdownone’sthroat突然训斥某人。9.Whodoyouthinkshouldtakeresponsibilityfortheproblemstheprimaryschoolinthepastfewyears?A.experiencedB.hadexperiencedC.hasexperiencedD.wouldexperience答案 C解析 句意为：你认为谁应该对这所小学在过去几年里遇到的问题负责呢？根据句中的时间状语“inthepastfewyears”可知，此处应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响。故选C。10.Mostofthescenesinthefilmhadbeencutbeforeitwasshownatthecinema，soparentsdon’thavetoworryaboutthenegativeeffectofthefilm.A.violentB.puzzlingC.impressiveD.conventional答案 A解析 句意为：这部电影的大部分暴力场景在电影院上映前已被删剪了，因此父母没有必要担心这部电影的消极影响。根据句意可知，violent暴力的，符合语境。puzzling令人迷惑的，令人费解的；impressive给人印象深刻的；conventional传统的，依照惯例的。11.Therailwaycompanyextendedabranchlinetotheseasidetofishdirecttodifferentpartsofthecountry.20\nA.applyB.donateC.conveyD.recommend答案 C解析 句意为：铁路公司将一条支线延伸到了海边以把鱼直接运送到全国各地。根据句意可知，convey运输，运送，符合语境。apply应用，运用；donate捐赠，赠送；recommend推荐，建议。12.Ineversuspectedforaminutethatyoushoulddoubtmyoriginalintentions，andisthisyourewardmeformyhelp?A.howB.whyC.whatD.whether答案 A解析 句意为：我片刻都没怀疑过你竟然会质疑我的初衷，这就是你报答我的帮助的方式吗？分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导表语从句，且在从句中作方式状语，故应用how“如何，怎样”来引导该表语从句。13.Hiswifelefthimwhenthechildrenweresmall，sohethefamilyhimself.A.broughtinB.broughtupC.broughtbackD.broughtabout答案 B解析 句意为：当孩子们还小时他的妻子就离开了他，因此他独自养活了这个家庭。根据句意可知，bringup抚养，养育，符合语境。bringin推行，引入；bringback使想起，恢复；bringabout导致，引起。14.—Oh，HannahjusttoldmethatshewasunabletotranslatethereportintoEnglish.—？Sheoncespent10yearslivinginLondon.A.GuesswhatB.WhynotC.SowhatD.Howcome答案 D解析 句意为：——哦，汉娜刚刚告诉我她无法将这份报告翻译成英语。——怎么会呢？她曾经在伦敦住了10年。根据语境，尤其是答语中的“Sheoncespent10yearslivinginLondon.”可知，howcome怎么会呢，符合语境。guesswhat你猜怎么着；whynot为什么不呢；sowhat那又怎样。15.Actuallywedoalotofthingsthatalwayseachotherallthetime：for20\nexample，wegetboredofbeingchildren，areinarushtogrowup，andthenlongtobechildrenagain.A.repeatB.balanceC.contradictD.interrupt答案 C解析 句意为：事实上我们总是一直做许多相互矛盾的事情：例如，我们厌倦了做小孩子，急着长大，然后又渴望做回小孩子。根据句意可知，contradict相矛盾，符合语境。repeat重复；balance抵消，保持平衡；interrupt使暂停，使中断。第二节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。(2022·红桥区一模)Ihaven’treceivedchocolate，cars，flowersoranythingsincemyhusbandwaskilledinacaraccident.HealwaysbroughtmeflowersforValentine’sDayandit’s16formetoseealloftheadvertisingforValentine’sDayand17oflovethatnowonlyexistinmymemories.Anyway，yesterdayIdidmyweeklyshopping，andI18thatthegrocerystorehadevenputonaValentine’sDaysaleandwasofferingadozenrosesfor12.19Iboughtsome，knowingthatmyhusbandwould20metohavethem.Ihopedthattheywouldliftmy21，althoughItrulyjustfeltupsetattheideaof22flowersformyself.WhileIwasputtingmygroceriesintomybag，Inoticedthatamanoppositemewasusingalargequantityof23bagsratherthanbringingrecyclablebagstopack.Isaid，“Heysir，youcan24oneofmybags.”Hejustsaid，“That’snot25.”Iinsistedbysaying：“Idon’twantanythingfromyou.Ihave26andI’dbehappytogiveyouone.”Ireceivedanother“NO”27.Ratherthanletthisunpleasantmanaffectme，asIleft，I28wishedhim“abetterday.”AsIwentfromstoretostoreandmetupwithallofthesalespeoplewhoregularlyserveme，Ipulledouta29andwishedthemaHappyAdvanceValentine’sDay.Theladyatthecosmeticscounterjumped30thecountertohugme.Thereallyoverworkedpharmacistwhorarelyeversmileswasso31bythissimplegiftthatshehadtearsinhereyesandhersmileactually32theentirebackofthestore.Alltoosoonmyroseswere33，butthenitoccurredtomethatsomewherealong20\nthewayIhad34havingtoforcemygoodmood.Bysimplybringingalittle35intopeople’slives，Ibroughtjoyintomyown.16.A.relaxingB.hardC.excitingD.helpful答案 B解析 根据前文“myhusbandwaskilledinacaraccident”可知到了情人节的时候看到电视上的各种广告，自己不禁想起丈夫，这会让作者感到很难过。17.A.signalsB.remarksC.preparationsD.reminders答案 D解析 signal信号；remark评论；preparations准备；reminder提醒。根据“andoflovethatnowonlyexistinmymemories”可知关于丈夫的爱的表达只能存在于回忆当中了。18.A.notedB.recalledC.supposedD.believed答案 A解析 根据前文“Anyway，yesterdayIdidmyweeklyshopping”可知作者去购物的时候注意到了所销售的玫瑰的价格。19.A.YetB.AgainC.SoD.Then答案 C解析 根据“Iboughtsome，knowingthatmyhusbandwouldmetohavethem”可知因此作者买了一些玫瑰花。20.A.adviseB.wantC.allowD.require答案 B解析 作者知道丈夫也想让自己能够拥有玫瑰花。21.A.feelingsB.courageC.spiritsD.strength答案 C解析 根据下文“althoughItrulyjustfeltupset”可知作者希望这些玫瑰花能让自己精神振作起来。22.A.buyingB.sendingC.makingD.collecting20\n答案 A解析 根据前文“Iboughtsome.”可知此处是指作者买了一些玫瑰的这个主意。23.A.clothB.dirtyC.usedD.plastic答案 D解析 根据下文“ratherthanbringingrecyclablebagstopack”可知那位男士使用的是塑料购物袋。24.A.seeB.haveC.findD.carry答案 B解析 根据下文“I’dbehappytogiveyouone.”可知作者是想把手中的购物袋送给他。25.A.possibleB.interestingC.essentialD.necessary答案 D解析 possible可能的；interesting有趣的；essential重要的；necessary必要的。根据下文“Iinsistedbysaying：‘Idon’twantanythingfromyou’”可知那位男士认为没有必要。26.A.extraB.moneyC.funD.duty答案 A解析 根据“Idon’twantanythingfromyou.IhaveandI’dbehappytogiveyouone.”可知作者不要他的任何东西，自己有多余的，很乐意给他。27.A.onpurposeB.inresponseC.asusualD.bychance答案 B解析 onpurpose故意地；inresponse作为回应；asusual和通常一样；bychance意外地。此处表示作者又收到另一个拒绝的回应。28.A.bravelyB.anxiouslyC.curiouslyD.smilingly答案 D解析 根据“Ratherthanletthisunpleasantmanaffectme.”可知作者不想让那个令人扫兴的男士影响自己，离开时仍然微笑着祝他度过愉快的一天。29.A.bagB.cardC.roseD.gift20\n答案 C解析 根据下文“Alltoosoonmyroseswere.”可知作者把之前购买的玫瑰送给了遇到的每一个人。30.A.onB.acrossC.throughD.away答案 B解析 根据“Theladyatthecosmeticscounterjumpedthecountertohugme.”可知化妆品柜台的那位女士越过柜台拥抱作者。31.A.confusedB.inspiredC.movedD.attracted答案 C解析 根据下文“shehadtearsinhereyes”可知那位女士非常感动。32.A.broughtupB.setupC.filledupD.litup答案 D解析 bringup培养；setup建立；fillup充满；lightup照亮。根据“andhersmileactuallytheentirebackofthestore.”可知她的微笑实际上照亮了整个商店的后面。33.A.deliveredB.goneC.packedD.offered答案 B解析 根据“Alltoosoonmyroseswere”可知很快作者手中的玫瑰就送完了。34.A.practicedB.triedC.stoppedD.started答案 C解析 根据“butthenitoccurredtomethatsomewherealongthewayIhadhavingtoforcemygoodmood.”可知后来作者突然明白，在某个地方，自己已经停止强迫自己有个好心情。35.A.sunshineB.patienceC.trustD.tolerance答案 A解析 sunshine阳光；patience耐心；trust信任；tolerance忍耐。根据“Bysimplybringingalittle20\nintopeople’slives，Ibroughtjoyintomyown.”可知通过简单地给人们的生活带来一丝阳光，快乐就会走进自己的生活里。第二部分 阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHomestaysprovideEnglishlanguagestudentswiththeopportunitytospeakEnglishoutsidetheclassroomandtheexperienceofbeingpartofaBritishhome.WhattoExpectThehostwillprovideaccommodationandmeals.Roomswillbecleanedandbedcoverswillbechangedatleastonceaweek.Youwillbegiventhehousekeyandthehostistheretoofferhelpandadviceaswellastotakeaninterestinyourphysicalandmentalhealth.AccommodationZonesHomestaysarelocatedinLondonmainlyinZones2,3and4ofthetransportsystem.MosthostsdonotliveinthetowncenterasmuchofcentralLondoniscommercialandnotresidential(居住的).Zones3and4oftenofferlargeraccommodationinalesscrowdedarea.ItisveryconvenienttotravelinLondonbyunderground.MealPlansAvailable◇ContinentalBreakfast◇BreakfastandDinner◇Breakfast，PackedLunchandDinnerIt’simportanttonotethatfewEnglishfamiliesstillprovideatraditionalcookedbreakfast.YouraccommodationincludesContinentalBreakfastwhichnormallyconsistsoffruitjuice，cereal(谷物类食品)，breadandteaorcoffee.Cheese，fruitandcoldmeatarenotnormallypartofaContinentalBreakfastinEngland.Dinnersusuallyconsistofmeatorfishwithvegetablesfollowedbydessert，fruitandcoffee.FriendsIfyouwishtoinviteafriendovertovisit，youmustfirstaskforyourhost’spermission.Youhavenorighttoentertainfriendsinafamilyhomeassomefamiliesfeelitisaninvasionoftheirprivacy.Self-CateringAccommodationinPrivateHomesAccommodationonaroom-onlybasisincludessharedkitchenandbathroomfacilitiesandoftenamainlivingroom.Thiskindofaccommodationoffersan20\nindependentlifestyleandismoresuitableforthelong-staystudent.However，itdoesnotprovidethesamefamilyatmosphereasanordinaryhomestayandmaynotbenefitthosewhoneedtopracticeEnglishathomequiteasmuch.36.Thepassageisprobablywrittenfor.A.hostswillingtoreceiveforeignstudentsB.foreignershopingtobuildBritishcultureC.travelersplanningtovisitfamiliesinLondonD.EnglishlearnersapplyingtoliveinEnglishhomes答案 D解析 读者对象题。根据第一段及后面的内容可知，这是一则面向想学英语的学生的寄宿招生广告，因此选D。37.Whichofthefollowingwillthehostprovide?A.Roomcleaning.B.Medicalcare.C.Freetransport.D.Physicaltraining.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Roomswillbecleaned”可知A项正确。其余选项文章中并没有提及，故排除。38.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Zone4ismorecrowdedthanZone2.B.ThebusinesscenterofLondonisinZone1.C.Hostsdisliketravelingtothecitycenter.D.Accommodationinthecitycenterisnotprovided.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“Homestaysarelocatedin...iscommercialandnotresidential(居住的).”可推断出伦敦的2、3、4区相对于1区来说是居住区，反推1区应是文中所指的伦敦的中心商业区。39.Accordingtothepassage，whatdoesContinentalBreakfastinclude?A.Dessertandcoffee.B.Fruitandvegetables.C.Breadandfruitjuice.D.Cerealandcoldmeat.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“ContinentalBreakfastwhichnormallyconsistsoffruitjuice，cereal(谷物类食品)，breadandteaorcoffee.”可知，只有C项正确。20\n40.Whydosomepeoplechooseself-cateringaccommodation?A.Toexperienceawarmerfamilyatmosphere.B.ToenrichtheirknowledgeofEnglish.C.Toentertainfriendsastheylike.D.Toenjoymuchmorefreedom.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Thiskindofaccommodationoffersanindependentlifestyle”可知，这种寄宿方式为居住者提供了更独立、更适宜的生活方式，即给了他们更多的自由，故选D。BA12-year-oldwithendstagecancer，thechild’sparentshadrecentlymovedherfromthehospitaltoherhomeinthesuburbsofLosAngeles.Somedayslaterthegirl’sbreathquickened，andherfatherphonedthefamily’shospicenurse.“Pleasecome，”hesaid.Thenurseknewthevisitwouldrequiremorethanfourhoursofhertime：atwo-hourdriveineachdirection，plushertimewiththegirl.“Whydon’tweconnectoverFaceTime？”sheasked.Thefatheragreed，andtheyconnected.Thenurseaskedthefathertomovehisdaughtergentlytoherside，thentoherback，toliftthechild’sshirt.Thenursewouldask：Whatdoyousee，whatconcernsyou，andthefatherwouldexplain.Inthisfashionthepairexaminedthegirl—thenurseonhercomputer，thefatheronhisiPad.Togethertheydecidedthatthenurse’spresencewasnotnecessary，thatthechildhadmoretime.Later，thefatherreportedfeelingcomfortedbythenurse.Heappreciatedheravailability，thefactthatshecouldseewhathesaw，andtheirabilitytodiscussitinrealtime.TelemedicinehasbecomeatrendinAmerica.Somehospitalshavegonesofarastospeciallydesigntelemedicineclinics.Theroomisstagedlikeanofficebutwithbetterlighting.There’sanicedeskforthecliniciantositbehind，acomputersituatedstageleft，andbooksinthebackground.Aphysiciantakingavideocallfromhomemightwearapairofheadphones，equippedwithamic—toensurewhateverthepatientsaysisn’tbroadcasttoanyoneoff-camera.However，thereissomethingmorethanthetechnologybit.AccordingtoDavid，theheadofthetelemedicinepilotthegirl’sfamilyhadbeenpartof，therearesomepeoplewhoaregreatinpersonandyouputthemoncamerathey’redead20\nfish.“Somephysiciansarecamerashy.Butforothers，thephysicalisolationcanactuallyhelpthembemoreempathetic.”Headds.“Myexperienceisthat，onceyougetpastsomeinitialhurdles，youcanmaintainanintimate，immediateconnectionwithpatientsthatinsomecasesmaybemoreusefulthanevenin-personinteractions，”Davidsays.41.WhydidthenursesuggestconnectingviaFaceTime?A.Becauseshewasnotallowedtoleaveherclinic.B.Becauseshehadtotakecareofotherpatients.C.Becauseittooktoomuchtime.D.Becausethegirlwaswithendstagecancer.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，护士建议通过FaceTime连接，是因为会花费太多的时间在去病人家的路上。故选C。42.Howdidthefatherthinkofthetelemedicineservice?A.Hedoubtedthequalityoftheservice.B.Hechallengedtheauthorityofthenurse.C.Heinsistedtheservicebeimproved.D.Hethoughthighlyoftheservice.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第四段“Later，thefatherreportedfeelingcomfortedbythenurse.Heappreciatedheravailability，thefactthatshecouldseewhathesaw，andtheirabilitytodiscussitinrealtime.”可知，这位父亲高度评价这项服务。43.Whatdoweknowabouttheroomfortelemedicine?A.Betterairconditionersareprovidedforacomfortableenvironment.B.Amicisequippedtoprotectprivacyofpatients.C.Professionalbooksareinplaceforimmediateconsultation.D.Theroomwithacomputerissituatedinthedoctor’shome.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“Aphysiciantakingavideocallfromhomemightwearapairofheadphones，equippedwithamic—toensurewhateverthepatientsaysisn’tbroadcasttoanyoneoff-camera.”可知，远程医疗的房间带有麦克风的耳机可以保护病人的隐私。故选B。44.Whatchallengesmaydoctorsfaceintelemedicine?A.Theyareafraidofbeingisolatedfrompatients.20\nB.Theycouldnotexaminethepatientscarefully.C.Theyarerequiredtodealwithin-personinteractions.D.Theymaynotfeelquitethemselvesinfrontofacamera.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“AccordingtoDavid，theheadofthetelemedicinepilotthegirl’sfamilyhadbeenpartof，therearesomepeoplewhoaregreatinpersonandyouputthemoncamerathey’readeadfish.”可知，有些医生可能会在摄像机前面感觉不自在。45.WhatisDavid’sattitudetowardstelemedicine?A.Hehasnofaithinthetelemedicinetechnologyinthelongrun.B.Heisverydependentontelemedicineashehimselfisshy.C.Heisinfavorofthenewformofmedicinetechnology.D.Hethinkstelemedicinewillreplacetraditionalmedicineintime.答案 C解析 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中的“Butforothers，thephysicalisolationcanactuallyhelpthembemoreempathetic.”以及最后一段内容可知，David对这种新型的远距离医学持支持态度。C(2022·河西区一模)Before1840architectsandbuildersmadebuildingsfromstone，brick，orwood.Theoutsidewallshelduptheweightofthebuilding.Abuildingthathadmorethanafewstoriesbecameveryheavy.Atallbuilding，suchasacastle，hadverythickwalls.Astimewentby，architecturebegantochange.By1850buildershadbeguntouseametalcalledironforthefrontsofsomelargebuildings.Ironislighterthanstoneandstrongerthanwood.Peopledigrawironfromtheground，butrawironisnotenoughtouseinbuildings.Buildersmustuseanothertypeofironcalledanalloy.Analloyisametalthatcontainsdifferentmetalsandothercompounds，ormixturesofchemicals.Themetalsandcompoundsaremeltedandmixedtogethertoformthealloy.Tomakeanironalloy，workersuseablastfurnace.Thismachinecreatesgreatheat.Ithasatallchamberthatislinedwithbrickandopenatthetop.Workersputlimestone，rawiron，andcoke(asubstancemadefromcoal)intothetopofthefurnace.Theyforcehotairintothebottomofthefurnace.Thehotairandachemicalreactionturnthematerialsintoaliquidmass.Workerspouroffwasteliquid，called20\nslag，andsavetheiron.Thentheyformthehotironintolargeblockscalledpigs，whichcanbeformedintoobjects.Thisformedironiscalledcastiron.Castironisstrong，butitstillcontainsunwantedmaterials.Peoplewantedtoremovetheseimpurities.Todothis，theyneededtoheattheirontoveryhightemperature.Blastfurnacescouldnotmakethatmuchheat.InEnglandin1855，SirHenryBessemerfoundthesolution.Heforcedairthroughliquidpigiron.Theoxygenintheairmixedwiththeimpuritiesintheironinaprocesscalledoxidation.Oxidationcreatesheat.Theheatturnsimpuritiesintoslag，whichispouredoffsothatonlypuresteelremains.Puresteelismuchstrongerthaniron.TheBessemerprocesstookplaceinanegg-shapedmachinecalledaconverter.Withthisprocess，workersbegantomakelargeamountsofsteelquicklyandcheaply.Bythelate1800s，manypeoplelivedinbigcities.Thepriceoflandincreased，onewaybuilderscouldlowercostswastobuildtallerbuildings，whichusedlessland.InChicagoin1889，GeorgeA.FullercompletedtheTacomaBuilding，whichhadsteelbeamstoholdupitsweight.Soonpeoplebuiltmoretallbuildingswith10to20stories.Thesewerethefirstskyscrapers.46.Alloysareimportantbecausethey.A.havenoimpuritiesB.aretherawmaterialsthatpeopleusetomakeironC.maybemoreusefulthantheseparatemetalsinthealloyD.containdifferentmetals答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Peopledigrawironfromtheground，butrawironisnotenoughtouseinbuildings.Buildersmustuseanothertypeofironcalledanalloy.”可知C选项正确。47.TheBessemerprocesswasasuccessbecauseitproduced.A.ironfromsteelB.steelquicklyandcheaplyC.lessslagthanablastfurnaceD.impuritiesintheiron答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Withthisprocess，workersbegantomakelargeamountsofsteelquicklyandcheaply.”可知选B。48.SirHenryBessemerprobably.20\nA.avoideddifficultproblemsB.createdslagintopuresteelC.wasnotfamiliarwithmetalssuchassteelD.knewhowtomakecastiron答案 D解析 推理判断题。结合第四段铸铁的制造比较困难和第五段SirHenryBessemer的发明可知D正确。49.Fromthearticle，youcanconcludethatarchitectsthroughouthistory.A.thoughtcarefullyaboutmaterialswhentheydesignedbuildingsB.couldnotdesigncreativebuildingsuntilsteelwasinventedC.dislikedstone，brick，andwoodD.likedtodesigntallbuildings答案 A解析 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了建筑中使用的一些材料的演变。故可推知建筑师选择材料很细心。故选项A正确。50.Whichofthestatementsbelowexpressesthemainideaofthearticle?A.Discoveriesaboutironandsteelhaveallowedpeopletobuildtallerbuildings.B.SirHenryBessemerdevelopedaprocesstomakesteel.C.Architectsusemanykindsofmaterialsinbuildings.D.Changesaboutdesigningbuilding.答案 A解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了建筑中使用的一些材料，尤其是铁和钢的演变。故A正确。DAttemptaguessatthefollowingquestion：IntheEnglish-speakingworld，whichcountryhastheleastaffordablehomes？YouarewrongifyouguesstheUS，evenwiththehousingbubble(泡沫)andmainsadness.NorisittheUK，wherepriceshaverisenbecausesupplydoesn’tmeetdemand.Accordingtoarecentsurveyof227citiesaroundtheglobe，youmustgosouthoftheequator(赤道)toAustraliatofindthepriciesthomes.Thereportmeasuresacity’shousingmarketalongthefollowingguidelines.An“affordable”homerequiresthreetimesorlessoftheaveragefamily’syearlyincometopurchase.Atfourtimesearnings，ahomefallsintothe“unaffordable”category.Anda“seriouslyunaffordable”homeneedsfivetimesafamily’syearly20\nincome.InAustralia，homesintheleastaffordablecitycostjustabout9.5timestheaverageincome.Sydney，Perth，andMelbourneareonlyalittleunderthisfigure,9times.Australianofficialshaveofferedlittlecomment，apartfromageneralstatementonthedepressingfindings.ThesepricesmakethepossibilitythatmanyAustralianswillonedayownahomelargelyunbelievable.Landrationing(配给制)andexcessive(过分的)developmentchargeshaveraisedpricesandtheproblemwillonlybesolvedthroughurgentactionbytheRuddgovernment.SomeAmericancitiesarealsoincludedontheleastaffordablelist，fourofwhichareinCalifornia.Americaisstillinvolvedinamortgage(抵押)crisis，though，affectingtheaffordabilityofhomes.Hence，alotofpeopleprefertorenthouses，whichisalsotheproductofbeinganationonthewheels.YetanumberofUScitiesgain“affordable”status，namelyDallasandKansas.Australiahasnocitieslistedinthetopfiftyplaceswithaffordablehomes.Thesurveysuggeststhatyoucanfindaffordablehomesinmostplaces，justifyou’renotAustraliananddon’tchoosetolivedownunder.Butwhatisthesituationlikeinnon-English-speakingcountries?51.Tobuyanaffordablehouse，youshouldpay.A.3timesorlessoftheaveragefamily’syearlyincomeB.4timesorlessoftheaveragefamily’syearlyincomeC.5timesorlessoftheaveragefamily’syearlyincomeD.9.5timesorlessoftheaveragefamily’syearlyincome答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，不超过年平均收入的房价是可购买房价，再高就买不起了，故选A。52.WhichcausesthepricesofhousestoincreaseinAustralia?A.Therisingfamily’sincome.B.Thedemandoversupply.C.Theexcessivedevelopmentcharges.D.Thedecreaseofland.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，土地配给制和过分的开发收费造成了房价上涨，因此选C。53.ItisimpliedthatinAmerica，.20\nA.allthepeoplecanaffordhomesB.notallitscitizenscanaffordhomesC.Americansdon’tliketokeephousesD.noneofthepeoplecanaffordhomes答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段前两句可推知，许多美国人也买不起房子，故选B。54.Supposeyourfamily’syearlyincomeis100,000(amongtheaverage)，howmuchwillyoupayifyouwanttobuyahouseinyourhomecity，Melbourne?A.350,000.B.950,000.C.500,000.D.900,000.答案 D解析 数字计算题。根据第二段最后一句“Sydney，Perth，andMelbourneareonlyalittleunderthisfigure,9times.”可知，墨尔本的房价是平均家庭年收入的九倍。100,000×9＝900,000，故选D。55.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.AffordableHousesB.AHouseIsaDreamFirstC.HousingReformingAchievementsD.HomesTooExpensive答案 D解析 标题归纳题。本文是围绕高房价来讲的，谈论的话题也是高房价的问题，因此D项最适合作本文标题。20\n第Ⅱ卷第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节 阅读表达(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。(2022·河西区一模)ThaiisascientistattheUniversityofCalifornia.Sherecentlydiscoveredaprocessthatcouldresultinbatterieslastingforever.Thaisaidshehadbeenannoyedthatthebatteriesforhermobilephonedegrade(退化)overtimeandneedchargingfrequently.Soshedecidedtodosomethingaboutthatproblem.Atfirst，shethoughtaboutinventinganewbattery.Butassheexperimented，Thaidiscoveredsomethingthatmightpermitlithiumbatteries(锂电池)tolastforever.Lithiumbatterieslosttheabilitytoholdacharge.Mostofthesebatterieshavealifespanofabout7,000chargingcyclesbeforetheydie.Themainreasonlithiumbatteriesdegradeistheiruseofnanowires(纳米线)tocarryelectricity.Nanowiresareextremelythin.Ahumanhairisthousandsoftimesthicker，forexample.Nanowiresareextremelyefficientcarriersofelectricity，whichmakesthemusefulinbatteries.ButThaisaidtheirthinnessalsomakesthemweak.“Nanowiresbreakovertime，”Thaisaid.“That’swhytheylosefunction.”ButThaihadatheory：Thenanowiresmightlastlongerifcoveredwiththegel(凝胶).Shetestedhertheory.“Itwasalongprocessandalotofwork，”Thaisaid.Shetriedmanycoveringsforthewires.Thegelwasoneofthem.Thenanowireswerecoatedwiththegelandcycledthroughcharges200,000times.Thegelcoatednanowiresshowednoevidenceofdamage.Theresultssuggestthatbatteriescouldlastforever，withoutlosingchargingability.Thaihopestounderstandwhythegelworkssowellandtoseeifothercoveringscouldcreatebetterresults.Thaisaidshewasveryexcited.Shehadn’tthoughtthatherresearchcouldreceivesomuchpublicity.“It’skindofcool，”shesaid.“I’mreallygladthatpeopleareshowinginterestinmyworkandnotjustintheworkitself，butalsointechnologyandenergy.”56.WhatledThaitomakethediscovery？(nomorethan10words)Thefunctionofbatteriesforhermobilephonedecreased./Thebatteriesforhermobilephoneneedchargingfrequently.解析 根据第二段开头“Thaisaidshehadbeenannoyedthatthebatteriesforhermobile20\nphonedegrade(退化)overtimeandneedchargingfrequently.”可知，Thai说每次手机电池需要不停充电，让她很恼火，所以促使她有了这次的发明。57.Whydonanowiresusedinlithiumbatteriesbreakovertime？(nomorethan6words)Becausetheyareextremelythin.解析 在第四段“Nanowiresareextremelythin.”这句告诉我们纳米线极其细，所以时间一长就坏了。58.WhatwastheresultofThai’sexperiment？(nomorethan10words)Batterieswithnanowirescoveredwithgelcouldlastforever.解析 根据第五段中的“Thenanowiresmightlastlongerifcoveredwiththegel(凝胶).Shetestedhertheory.”可知，如果纳米线有凝胶覆盖着可能会使用寿命更长，为此Thai做了实验。59.Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph？(nomorethan10words)Sheneverexpectedherresearchtobewidelyconcerned.解析 她从没想过她的研究会这么受到关注。60.WhatdoyouthinkofThai’sdiscovery？Givereasonsinyourownwords.(nomorethan20words)IthinkThai’sdiscoveryisveryimportantbecauseitmightpermitlithiumbatteriestolastforever.解析 根据全文内容介绍可知，她的发明解决了手机电池短寿的原因，所以她的发明很有意义。第二节 书面表达(满分25分)(2022·和平区一模)假设你是李津，一位叫Alisa的美籍交换生在某网站发帖称，她打算本周末到你所在的城市旅游，并且想找一名高中生做导游。请你给她写一封电子邮件推荐自己，内容包括：1.自我介绍；2.说一说自己所在城市的特色；3.给Alisa提一些建议，并询问对方的需求。注意：1.词数不少于100；2.开头和结尾已经写出，不计入总词数；3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearAlisa，It’spleasingtocomeacrossthemessageyouleftontheInternet.20\nLookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours，LiJin参考范文DearAlisa，It’spleasingtocomeacrossthemessageyouleftontheInternet.IthinkI’mqualifiedforthejobandreadytobeyourguideatthisweekend.I’mLiJin，aboyofseventeenfromXinhuaMiddleSchool.I’mgoodatspeakingEnglish.Besides，beingoutgoingandeasytogetalongwith，Ireallyenjoymakingfriendswithothers.Aboveall，I’vebeenlivingheresinceIwasbornandIknowthecityverywell.Therearelotsofplacesofinterestinthiscity.IfyouareinterestedinChinesehistory，Istronglyrecommendsomeofthemtoyou.Anyofyourrequirementswouldbegladlyheard.I’dappreciateitifyouwouldbesogoodastogivemeachance.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours，LiJin20
