贵阳市2022高考英语（新人教版）一轮阅读训练（40）附答案课时作业(四十) [选修8 Unit5Meetingyourancestors](限时：45分钟)阅读理解----A[2022·山东卷]OneofthegreatestcontributorstothefirstOxfordEnglishDictionarywasalsooneofitsmostunusual.In1879,OxfordUniversityinEnglandaskedProf.JamesMurraytoserveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.ItwouldincludeeveryEnglishwordpossibleandwouldgivenotonlythedefinitionbutalsothehistoryofthewordandquotations(引文)showinghowitwasused.Thiswasahugetask,soMurrayhadtofindvolunteersfromBritain,theUnitedStates,andtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspaper,magazine,andbookeverwritteninEnglish.Hundredsofvolunteersresponded,includingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericansurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWarandwasnowlivinginEngland.Hegavehisaddressas“Broadmoor,Crowthorne,Berkshire，”50milesfromOxford.MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray.Overthenext17years,hebecameoneofthestaff'smostvaluedcontributors.Buthewasalsoamystery.Inspiteofmanyinvitations,hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisitOxford.Soin1897,MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthornehimself.Whenhearrived,hefoundMinorlockedinabooklinedcellattheBroadmoorAsylum(精神病院)fortheCriminallyInsane.MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10，000submissionsin20years.MurraycontinuedtovisitMinorregularly,sometimestakingwalkswithhimaroundtheasylumgrounds.In1910,MinorleftBroadmoorforanasyluminhisnativeAmerica.Murraywasattheporttowavegoodbyetohisremarkablefriend.-11-\nMinordiedin1920,sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywascompleted.The12volumesdefined414，825words,andthousandsofthemwerecontributionsfromaveryscholarlyanddevotedasylumpatient.16.Accordingtothetext,thefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary________．A.cameoutbeforeMinordiedB.waseditedbyanAmericanvolunteerC.includedtheEnglishwordsinventedbyMurrayD.wasintendedtobethemostambitiousEnglishdictionary17.HowdidDr.Minorcontributetothedictionary?A.HehelpedMurraytofindhundredsofvolunteers.B.Hesentnewspapers,magazinesandbookstoMurray.C.Heprovidedagreatnumberofwordsandquotations.D.HewenttoEnglandtoworkwithMurray.18.WhydidDr.MinorrefusetovisitOxford?A.Hewasshutinanasylum.B.HelivedfarfromOxford.C.Hewasbusywritingabook.D.Hedislikedtraveling.19.Prof.MurrayandDr.Minorbecamefriendsmainlybecause________．A.theybothservedintheCivilWarB.theyhadacommoninterestinwordsC.MinorrecoveredwiththehelpofMurrayD.MurraywenttoAmericaregularlytovisitMinor20.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDr.Minor?A.Braveanddetermined.B.Cautiousandfriendly.C.Considerateandoptimistic.D.Unusualandscholarly.21.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.-11-\nB.ThefriendshipbetweenMurrayandMinor.C.MinorandthefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary.D.BroadmoorAsylumanditspatients.BInatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates，manyAmericansareturningtoJapan，acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess，forpossibleanswers.However，theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools，surprisinglylittlestressisputonacademicinstruction.Inoneinvestigation(调查)，300Japaneseand210Americanpreschoolteachers，childdevelopmentspecialists，andparentswereaskedaboutvariousaspectsofearlychildhoodeducation.Only2percentoftheJapaneserespondents(答问卷者)listed“togivechildrenagoodstartacademically”asoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Onthecontrary，overhalftheAmericanrespondentschosethisasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond，Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading，writing，andmathematics，butratherskillssuchaspersistence(毅力)，concentration，andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.ThevastmajorityofyoungJapanesechildrenaretaughttoreadathomebytheirparents.IntherecentcomparisonofJapaneseandAmericanpreschooleducation，91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixtytwopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented(强调个性发展的)Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.AstressontheimportanceofthegroupseeninJapaneseearlychildhoodeducationcontinuesintoprimaryschooleducation.LikeinAmerica，thereisdiversity(多样性)inJapaneseearlychildhoodeducation.SomeJapanesekindergartenshaveclearaims，suchasearlymusicaltrainingorpotentialdevelopment.Inlargecities，somekindergartensareattachedtouniversitiesthathaveprimaryandmiddleschools.SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversitybasedprogram，itwillincreasethe-11-\nchildren'schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotopratedschoolsanduniversities.Severalmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizing(智力化)insomeJapanesekindergartens.22．WelearnfromthefirstparagraphthatmanyAmericansbelieve________．A．JapaneseparentspaymoreattentiontopreschooleducationthanAmericanparentsB．Japan'seconomicsuccessistheresultofitsscientificachievementsC．JapanesepreschooleducationattachesgreaterimportancetoacademicinstructionD．Japan'shighereducationisbetterthantheirs23．InJapan'spreschooleducation，thefocusison________．A．preparingchildrenacademicallyB．developingchildren'sinterestsinmusicC．discoveringchildren'spotentialD．shapingchildren'scharacter24．FreeplayhasbeenintroducedinsomeJapanesekindergartensinorderto________．A．lightenchildren'sstudyloadB．encouragechildren'screativityC．broadenchildren'sviewsD．enrichchildren'sknowledge25．WhydosomeJapaneseparentssendtheirchildrentouniversitybasedkindergartens?A．Theycanhavenoproblemsintheirfuturestudies.B．Theycanhaveclearaimsinlife.C．Theycansucceedindevelopingineveryway.D．Theycanhavebetterchancesofgettingafirstrateeducation.Ⅲ.书面表达假如你是李华，你校学生会于2022年2月15日下午举行“校园书市(acampusbookfair)”活动。请你写封email给你的美国笔友Peter，告诉他此次活动的有关情况。-11-\n1．活动目的：(1)给同学们提供一个交换图书的机会；(2)更好地利用读过的书。2．具体内容：(1)把你不想保留的书拿到书市上出售；(2)购买你喜欢的书；(3)交换图书。3．谈谈你的感想、收获和体会。注意：1.文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。2．词数：120左右。HelloPeter！Howareyougoingthesedays?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Lookingforwardtohearingfromyou!Love，LiHua参考答案课时作业(四十)Ⅱ.A这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了第一本牛津词典的编写过程，以及Minor对词典的编写工作所作出的巨大贡献。16．D 细节理解题。从最后一段的“Minordiedin1920,sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywascompleted.”看出A选项是不正确的；从第二段的“MurrayhadtofindvolunteersfromBritain,theUnitedStates,andtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspaper,magazine,andbookeverwritteninEnglish.Hundredsofvolunteersresponded,includingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericansurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWarandwasnowlivinginEngland.”看出牛津词典是集体智慧的结晶；由第一段最后一句中“ItwouldincludeeveryEnglishwordpossible”可知，C项不正确。故选D。-11-\n17．C 细节理解题。从第三段的“MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray”看出，Minor提供了大量词汇和引文。故选C。18．A 细节理解题。从第四段的“MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthornehimself.Whenhearrived,hefoundMinorlockedinabooklinedcellattheBroadmoorAsylumfortheCriminallyInsane.”看出，是由于Minor患精神病被关进医院里，所以没有办法去牛津。故选A。19．B 细节理解题。从第二段Minor自愿加入编词典这个活动可知，他对此很感兴趣，与Murray有着共同的兴趣，再从文章倒数第三段的“MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10，000submissionsin20years.”可找到答案。故选B。20．D 推理判断题。根据文章中Minor在患精神病住院期间还坚持词典的编写工作看出他的不寻常；从文章倒数第三段的“Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10，000submissionsin20years.”看出他的学者风范。故选D。21．C 主旨大意题。文章一开始主要介绍由来自英国、美国和英国殖民地的志愿者参加牛津词典的编写工作，后半部分主要写编者Minor对词典的编写工作所作出的巨大贡献。故选C。B这是一篇讲述日本学前教育的材料，文章指出日本学前教育的侧重点和对集体主义的重视，以及教育内容的丰富多样性。22．C 事实细节题。根据第一段“…theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools,surprisinglylittlestressisputonacademicinstruction.”可知，美国人的看法应该是日本的学前教育非常重视专业技术知识的传授，因此C项是正确答案。23．D 事实细节题。由第一段倒数第二句“Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond，Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading，writing，andmathematics，butratherskillssuchaspersistence，concentration，andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.”可知，在日本的学前教育中，老师并不教孩子读写和数学，而是重视培养孩子的素质，教育孩子们学会持之以恒、集中精力，并能融入集体之中。所以D项正确。24．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“…introducedfreeplayasawayoutfor-11-\ntheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.”可推测freeplay是用来减轻学生学习压力的，所以A项正确。25．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第四句“…itwillincreasethechildren'schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotopratedschoolsanduniversities.”可知，孩子们参加universitybased项目可以有更好的机会得到高等教育。故D项正确。Ⅲ.Onepossibleversion：HelloPeter！Howareyougoingthesedays?Inordertoprovideusstudentswithanopportunitytoexchangebooksandmakebetteruseofourusedbooks,ourStudents'UnionheldacampusbookfairontheafternoonofFebruary15，2022.Atthebookfair,studentscouldsellunwantedbooks,buybookstheyneededorsimplytradebookswitheachother.Likeotherfairsofthiskind,pricesweretypicallyverylow.Happily,InotonlygotridofseveralbooksbutalsoboughtafewbooksIreallywanted.AsfarasI'mconcerned,Ilikethisactivity,whichisbeneficialtousstudents.Ontheonehand,Ifeltmysocialskillshadbeenwellpracticedandimproved.Ontheotherhand,thisactivityalsogaveusanexcellentopportunitytofeelabitoftherealworld.Iwishmoreeventslikethisbookfairwouldbeheldinourschool.Lookingforwardtohearingfromyou!Love，LiHua良好的人际关系是构建和谐社会的关键。假设你是李华，最近你校组织学生围绕“中学生如何交友？”这一话题展开讨论。请根据下表的提示，为某英语报的“VoiceYourOpinions”栏目写一篇稿件，反映你们讨论的情况，并谈谈你对如何交友的看法。为何交友建立良好的人际关系，构建和谐社会交友对象学习上互相学习，共同进步生活上互相帮助，摆脱烦恼情感上互相交流，同甘共苦-11-\n如何交友（提出你的建议）注意：1．对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；2．词数120左右，开头已经写好，不计入总词数；3．参考词汇：和谐的harmoniousRecentlywestudentshadaheateddiscussiononhowtomakefriends.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.参考范文：Recently_we_students_had_a_heated_discussion_on_how_to_make_friends.Aswellallknow，goodrelationshipplaysanimportantroleinbuildingaharmonioussociety.Manyofusthinkweshouldmakefriendswiththosewhocanhelpuswithourstudiessothatwecanlearnfromeachotherandmakegreaterprogress.Othersbelievetheyshouldhavefriendswhocanhelpthemdealwithsomeproblemsinlife.Stillothersholdthattheyshouldhavefriendswhoarewillingtolistentothemandsharetheirjoysandsorrows.Inmyopinion，tomakefriends，weshouldbefriendlyandhelpfultoothers.Besides，weshouldlearntocareaboutothersandlistentothempatiently.Inbrief，truefriendsarelikesunshinethatbrightensourlife.***********************************************************结束阅读理解ThecropsweproduceintheUKandaroundtheworldcouldchangewithclimate.Theweatherisanimportantpartinfarmingandchangesintemperaturewillstronglyaffectcrops’growth.FortheUK，temperatureriseslooklikelytomeanthecropsnormallygrowinginthesouthofthecountrywillbeabletobegrownfurthernorth.TheUNbelievestherewillbeashiftnorthwardsofbetween200and300kilometersforeverydegreeofwarming.ThiswouldbesimilartothesouthofEnglandin2060，havingthekindofweathertheLoireValley，inFrance，experiencesnow.-11-\nDuetoanincreaseindroughtandheatwaves，thetypesofcropsgrownintheUKwillhavetochange，whichdoesn’thavetobeabadthingforus.Productswhichhaven’tbeenfarmedoverherebefore，suchassweetcorn，sunflowers，andmaizeforcereals，couldallprovidenewbusinessforfarmers—certainlyinthesoutheast.However，iffarmingpracticesdochangeinthiscountry，procedureswillhavetobeputinplacebeforehandasintroducingsomethingnewtofarmlandinvolvesalotofpreparations.Also，irrigationsystemsmayneedtobeimprovedsothatrainfromwintercanbestoredforsummerasitishot.Researchersarealreadyfindingthosepests，suchasaphids，whicharestartingtohatchearlierintheyear.Inthelast10—15yearsthey’vebeenarrivinginspringtimeandthepopulationofaphidsappearstobegrowing，too.Aphidsarearealproblemastheycancausesomuchdamagetocrops，andifthey’rearrivingearlierintheyearespeciallywhenthecropsarefragile，theycancausemoredamagethantheyusedto.16．Itisquitepossiblethattheauthorcomesfrom________.A．theUKB．theUNC．FranceD．Scotland17．Theunderlinedword“This”inthesecondparagraphmeans________.A．thekindofweathertheLoireValley，inFrance，experiencesnowB．thesouthofEnglandin2060willhavethekindofweatherC．theUN’sbeliefthattherewillbeashiftnorthwardsofbetween200and300kilometersforeverydegreeofwarmingD．theUK’stemperaturerisesmeaningthecropsgrowinginthesouthwillbeabletobegrownfurthernorth18．Themainideaofthispassageisthat________.A．thecropsraisedinthesouthwillbetransplantedtothenorthin2060B．temperatureriseswillbringabouteithergoodorbadeffectsC．theclimatehasastronginfluenceoncropsD．globalwarmingcausesmorepositiveeffectsthannegativeones19．Togowellwiththechangesoffarmingpracticesasafarmer，________.A．onemustbepreparedbeforehandforfarmingproceduresB．onecandonothingbutbegfortheGod’smercyC．oneshouldbuildmoreirrigationsystemsD．onewillhavetokillmorepests，forexample，aphids20．Whichisthecorrectorderofthefollowingthingsaccordingtothearticle?-11-\na．Thetemperaturegoesup.b．Theaphidhatchesearlier.c．Theaphidpopulationincreases.d．Thefragilecropsareeatenup.A．a，b，c，dB．b，c，a，dC．a，c，d，bD．a，b，d，cⅢ.书面表达假如你是李华，负责接待来你校访问的英国教育代表团。请你用英文完成一篇口头通知，告知他们今明两天的安排。内容如下：今天上午由你带着参观学校；中午在餐厅和同学们一起吃午饭；下午由代表团的英国老师John为高二四班上一节英国地理课。明天上午代表团团长Taylor先生在报告厅作关于英国教育情况的讲座；下午参观邯郸市博物馆和丛台公园。注意：1.词数100左右，必须包含以上所有要点；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头已写好，但不计入总词数。参考词汇：代表团delegationLadiesandgentlemen，mayIhaveyourattentionplease？_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________16.A17.D18.C19.A20.A参考范文Ladiesandgentlemen,mayIhaveyourattentionplease?Welcometoourschool!Hereisaarrangementforyourvisit.Thismorning,I’mgoingtoshowyouaroundourschool.Duringlunchtime,youwillhavedinnerwithsomestudentsintheschooldininghall,whereyoucanhaveafreetalkwithstudentsfromdifferentclasses.Thisafternoon,studentsofClass4,Grade2willenjoyalessonaboutBritishgeography,givenbyMr.John.Tomorrowmorning,Mr.Taylor,leaderofthedelegation,willgivealectureabouttheeducationofBritaininthelecturehall.Afterlunch,wewillvisittheHandanMuseumaswellastheCongtaiPark.That’sall.Thankyou.Anyquestions?-11-\n-11-
