课时作业(四十) [选修8 Unit5Meetingyourancestors](限时：45分钟) Ⅰ.单项填空1．—Sir，I'mhere.—Pleaselisten.I________askingyourparentstocometoourschool，butI'dliketohearyouropinionfirst.A．haveconsideredB．amgoingtoconsiderC．consideredD．havebeenconsidering2．________bythelatestelectronictoys，thelittleboystoodinfrontofthewindows，withoutmoving.A．TobeattractedB．AttractedC．HavingattractedD．Attracting3．Hehadplannedtomakeacompromise，but________hechangedhismindatthelastminute.A．thereforeB．otherwiseC．anyhowD．somehow4．Researchuniversitieshavetokeepupwiththelatestcomputerandscientifichardware________price.A．nottomentionB．inadditiontoC．onaccountofD．regardlessof5．Thesedaysthegovernmenthasissuedseveraleconomicpoliciesthatwill________thegrowthofmanufacturingindustry.A.accelerateB.accomplishC.accumulateD.approve6．________thatyouarechosenasavolunteerattheOlympicGames，whatwillyoudo?A．AssumedB．ToassumeC．AssumingD．Tobeassumed7．—Anyinformationaboutyourson?—No.IfonlyI________thosetoughwordstohim.A．didn'tsayB．hadn'tsaidC．shouldn'thavesaidD．couldn'thavesaid8．Hesayswhateverhethinks,________otherpeople'sfeelings.A.nottomentionB.apartfromC.regardlessofD.inspite9．Georgereturnedafterthewar,only________thathiswifehadlefthim.A.tobetoldB.telling-7-\nC.beingtoldD.told10．________，wemustexpectchangestobemadeinoursystemofteaching.A．LookingaroundB．LookingaheadC．WatchingoutD．Seeingaround11．—Iam________endlessexaminations.—Cheerup，David.Keeponuntilthecollegeentranceexaminationends.A．caughtupwithB．comeupwithC．fedupwithD．putupwith12．Tomissaid________anewcomputerprogramrecently，butIdon'tknowwhenhe'llfinishit.A．todesign B．tobedesigningC．tohavebeendesigning D．tohavedesigned13．Theresidentsintheneighborhoodall________thegovernment'sdecisiontoclosethesmalldyefactory.A．deletedB．identifiedC．interruptedD．applauded14．—I'mgoingtoApplebytomorrow.—________！I'mgoingupthere，too.A．WhatacoincidenceB．GoodluckC．CongratulationsD．Goodchance15．Allthesetreesareover800yearsold,some________backto1，000yearsago.A.datingB.datedC.dateD.todateⅡ.阅读理解A[2022·山东卷]OneofthegreatestcontributorstothefirstOxfordEnglishDictionarywasalsooneofitsmostunusual.In1879,OxfordUniversityinEnglandaskedProf.JamesMurraytoserveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.ItwouldincludeeveryEnglishwordpossibleandwouldgivenotonlythedefinitionbutalsothehistoryofthewordandquotations(引文)showinghowitwasused.Thiswasahugetask,soMurrayhadtofindvolunteersfromBritain,theUnitedStates,andtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspaper,magazine,andbookeverwritteninEnglish.Hundredsofvolunteersresponded,includingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericansurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWarandwasnowlivinginEngland.Hegavehisaddressas“Broadmoor,Crowthorne,Berkshire，”50milesfromOxford.MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray.Overthenext17years,hebecameoneofthestaff'smostvaluedcontributors.Buthewasalsoamystery.Inspiteofmanyinvitations,hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisitOxford.Soin1897,MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthornehimself.Whenhearrived,hefoundMinorlockedinabooklinedcellattheBroadmoorAsylum(精神病院)fortheCriminallyInsane.MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.Minorcontinued-7-\ncontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10，000submissionsin20years.MurraycontinuedtovisitMinorregularly,sometimestakingwalkswithhimaroundtheasylumgrounds.In1910,MinorleftBroadmoorforanasyluminhisnativeAmerica.Murraywasattheporttowavegoodbyetohisremarkablefriend.Minordiedin1920,sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywascompleted.The12volumesdefined414，825words,andthousandsofthemwerecontributionsfromaveryscholarlyanddevotedasylumpatient.16.Accordingtothetext,thefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary________．A.cameoutbeforeMinordiedB.waseditedbyanAmericanvolunteerC.includedtheEnglishwordsinventedbyMurrayD.wasintendedtobethemostambitiousEnglishdictionary17.HowdidDr.Minorcontributetothedictionary?A.HehelpedMurraytofindhundredsofvolunteers.B.Hesentnewspapers,magazinesandbookstoMurray.C.Heprovidedagreatnumberofwordsandquotations.D.HewenttoEnglandtoworkwithMurray.18.WhydidDr.MinorrefusetovisitOxford?A.Hewasshutinanasylum.B.HelivedfarfromOxford.C.Hewasbusywritingabook.D.Hedislikedtraveling.19.Prof.MurrayandDr.Minorbecamefriendsmainlybecause________．A.theybothservedintheCivilWarB.theyhadacommoninterestinwordsC.MinorrecoveredwiththehelpofMurrayD.MurraywenttoAmericaregularlytovisitMinor20.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDr.Minor?A.Braveanddetermined.B.Cautiousandfriendly.C.Considerateandoptimistic.D.Unusualandscholarly.21.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.B.ThefriendshipbetweenMurrayandMinor.C.MinorandthefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary.D.BroadmoorAsylumanditspatients.BInatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates，manyAmericansareturningtoJapan，acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess，forpossibleanswers.However，theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools，surprisinglylittlestressisputonacademicinstruction.Inoneinvestigation(调查)，300Japanese-7-\nand210Americanpreschoolteachers，childdevelopmentspecialists，andparentswereaskedaboutvariousaspectsofearlychildhoodeducation.Only2percentoftheJapaneserespondents(答问卷者)listed“togivechildrenagoodstartacademically”asoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Onthecontrary，overhalftheAmericanrespondentschosethisasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond，Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading，writing，andmathematics，butratherskillssuchaspersistence(毅力)，concentration，andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.ThevastmajorityofyoungJapanesechildrenaretaughttoreadathomebytheirparents.IntherecentcomparisonofJapaneseandAmericanpreschooleducation，91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixtytwopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented(强调个性发展的)Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.AstressontheimportanceofthegroupseeninJapaneseearlychildhoodeducationcontinuesintoprimaryschooleducation.LikeinAmerica，thereisdiversity(多样性)inJapaneseearlychildhoodeducation.SomeJapanesekindergartenshaveclearaims，suchasearlymusicaltrainingorpotentialdevelopment.Inlargecities，somekindergartensareattachedtouniversitiesthathaveprimaryandmiddleschools.SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversitybasedprogram，itwillincreasethechildren'schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotopratedschoolsanduniversities.Severalmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizing(智力化)insomeJapanesekindergartens.22．WelearnfromthefirstparagraphthatmanyAmericansbelieve________．A．JapaneseparentspaymoreattentiontopreschooleducationthanAmericanparentsB．Japan'seconomicsuccessistheresultofitsscientificachievementsC．JapanesepreschooleducationattachesgreaterimportancetoacademicinstructionD．Japan'shighereducationisbetterthantheirs23．InJapan'spreschooleducation，thefocusison________．A．preparingchildrenacademicallyB．developingchildren'sinterestsinmusicC．discoveringchildren'spotentialD．shapingchildren'scharacter24．FreeplayhasbeenintroducedinsomeJapanesekindergartensinorderto________．A．lightenchildren'sstudyloadB．encouragechildren'screativityC．broadenchildren'sviewsD．enrichchildren'sknowledge25．WhydosomeJapaneseparentssendtheirchildrentouniversitybasedkindergartens?-7-\nA．Theycanhavenoproblemsintheirfuturestudies.B．Theycanhaveclearaimsinlife.C．Theycansucceedindevelopingineveryway.D．Theycanhavebetterchancesofgettingafirstrateeducation.Ⅲ.[2022·北京卷]开放作文请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。YouarediscussingthefollowingpicturewithyourEnglishfriendJim.Nowyouaretellinghimhowyouunderstandthepictureandwhatmakesyouthinkso.参考答案课时作业(四十)Ⅰ.1.D 句意：——老师，我在。——请听好。我一直在考虑让你父母来学校，但我想先听听你的意见。havebeenconsidering是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，并且还在进行。2．B 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个小男孩被最新的电动玩具所吸引，站在橱窗前一动也不动。句子的主语thelittleboy与attract构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。tobedone表示动作尚未发生。3．D 考查副词辨析。此处somehow意为“不知怎的”。句意：他已打算妥协，可是不知怎的在最后的时刻他又改变了主意。4．D nottomention更不必说，不必提及；inadditionto除……之外；onaccountof由于，因为，为了……的缘故；regardlessof不顾，不管。根据句意可知D项正确。5．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些天政府发布了几项将会加快制造业发展的经济政策。accelerate意为“加速，提前”；accomplish意为“完成，实现”；accumulate意为“积累，增加”；approve意为“批准，赞成”。根据句意可知A项正确。6．C assumingthat…“假定……”为固定句型。类似表达有：providing/supposing(that)…7．B 考查虚拟语气。ifonly“要是……就好了”，后用虚拟语气。答句句意：要是我没对他说那些太严厉的话就好了。表示和过去事实相反，故用过去完成时。8．C 考查短语辨析。regardlessof意为“不考虑，不顾及”。nottomention意为“更别提，更别说”；apartfrom意为“除了”，所以A、B项意思不对；D项搭配不当。9．A 考查非谓语。此处onlytodo/bedone表示意料之外的结果；现在分词作结果状语则表示自然的结果。这里George和tell之间是被动关系，因此用tobetold。句意：战争后乔治回到家，结果被告知妻子已经离开了他。10．B 考查非谓语。句意：展望未来，我们希望我们的教学体系得以改变。lookahead意为“展望未来，为将来设想”；lookaround意为“向四处看”；watchout意为“注意，当心”；D项无此搭配。11．C-7-\n 考查动词短语辨析。句意：——我厌烦了无休止的考试。——振作起来，David。坚持到高考结束。befedupwith意为“厌倦，受够了，饱受”。catchupwith赶上；comeupwith提出(想法、办法等)；putupwith忍受，容忍。12．C 考查不定式的时态。句意：据说汤姆最近在设计一种新的电脑程序，但我不知道他什么时候完工。后半句暗示“设计”这一动作还在进行，故用不定式的现在完成进行式。13．D 句意：临近的居民都拍手称赞政府关于关闭这个印染工厂的决定。delete删除；identify识别；interrupt打断；applaud赞赏。14．A 考查交际用语。从答语中的“I'mgoingupthere，too.”可知，答话人认为两个人都去Appleby是一件极为巧合的事，故用Whatacoincidence!15．A 考查独立主格结构。主句主语跟后面状语部分主语不一致，前后没有连词，说明应该用独立主格结构。datebackto“追溯到……”，一般不用被动，它与逻辑主语some(trees)应该是主动关系，因此用现在分词。Ⅱ.A这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了第一本牛津词典的编写过程，以及Minor对词典的编写工作所作出的巨大贡献。16．D 细节理解题。从最后一段的“Minordiedin1920,sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywascompleted.”看出A选项是不正确的；从第二段的“MurrayhadtofindvolunteersfromBritain,theUnitedStates,andtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspaper,magazine,andbookeverwritteninEnglish.Hundredsofvolunteersresponded,includingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericansurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWarandwasnowlivinginEngland.”看出牛津词典是集体智慧的结晶；由第一段最后一句中“ItwouldincludeeveryEnglishwordpossible”可知，C项不正确。故选D。17．C 细节理解题。从第三段的“MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray”看出，Minor提供了大量词汇和引文。故选C。18．A 细节理解题。从第四段的“MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthornehimself.Whenhearrived,hefoundMinorlockedinabooklinedcellattheBroadmoorAsylumfortheCriminallyInsane.”看出，是由于Minor患精神病被关进医院里，所以没有办法去牛津。故选A。19．B 细节理解题。从第二段Minor自愿加入编词典这个活动可知，他对此很感兴趣，与Murray有着共同的兴趣，再从文章倒数第三段的“MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10，000submissionsin20years.”可找到答案。故选B。20．D 推理判断题。根据文章中Minor在患精神病住院期间还坚持词典的编写工作看出他的不寻常；从文章倒数第三段的“Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10，000submissionsin20years.”看出他的学者风范。故选D。21．C 主旨大意题。文章一开始主要介绍由来自英国、美国和英国殖民地的志愿者参加牛津词典的编写工作，后半部分主要写编者Minor对词典的编写工作所作出的巨大贡献。故选C。B这是一篇讲述日本学前教育的材料，文章指出日本学前教育的侧重点和对集体主义的重视，以及教育内容的丰富多样性。22．C 事实细节题。根据第一段“…theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools,surprisinglylittlestressisputonacademic-7-\ninstruction.”可知，美国人的看法应该是日本的学前教育非常重视专业技术知识的传授，因此C项是正确答案。23．D 事实细节题。由第一段倒数第二句“Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond，Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading，writing，andmathematics，butratherskillssuchaspersistence，concentration，andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.”可知，在日本的学前教育中，老师并不教孩子读写和数学，而是重视培养孩子的素质，教育孩子们学会持之以恒、集中精力，并能融入集体之中。所以D项正确。24．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“…introducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.”可推测freeplay是用来减轻学生学习压力的，所以A项正确。25．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第四句“…itwillincreasethechildren'schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotopratedschoolsanduniversities.”可知，孩子们参加universitybased项目可以有更好的机会得到高等教育。故D项正确。Ⅲ.Onepossibleversion：Ithinkthelongpencil,lookingproudanddelighted,islaughingattheshortpencilbysaying“You'renearingtheend！”Theshortpencil,ontheotherhand,remainscalm.Thelongpencil'swordslethimfallintodeepthoughts.Heclearlyremembershehasbeenusedinwritinganddrawing.It'struethathe'sapproachingtheendbuthehasbeenlivingamemorablelifeandtherehasrarelybeenadullmoment.Inreality,weshouldlearnfromtheshortpencil:nottomindwhatotherssaysolongasweareconfidentinwhatwehavedone.-7-
