2021高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习（五）Exercise1：长难句分析1.ThecourtgavetheirapprovalforthelifesupportmachinestobeturnedoffandwhilethisrulingleftTerri’sparentsfeelingnumbandothersclaimingthatlifeissacred,whichnoonehastherighttoend,manywouldsayitwastherightthingtodoforTerri.【句式翻译】【句式分析】【词语点拨】1)approvaln.批准；同意，赞成计划得到学校当局的认可。我们希望计划能得到批准。2)approvev.同意，赞成她父亲永远不会赞成她嫁给这样的懒人。【语法点拨】1)leavesbdoing让/使某人做……，doing在这个结构中作宾补，和宾语sb是主动关系。如果宾语和宾补是被动关系，用leave…done。如：三番五次的失败使他们情绪非常低落。他的答复我们都搞糊涂了。2）动词不定式或主语从句作主语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末。it没有具体意义。如：他竟然拒绝了我的邀请，真是遗憾！理解这个英语节目难吗？2.EdmondsisthefirstAfricanAmericanevertoworkasafull-timespeechwriter\nforaU.S.president;heisalsothefirstAfricanAmericantoserveasdirectorofspeechwritingfortheWhiteHouse.【句式翻译】【句式分析】【词语点拨】servev.服务；用作；端上我们发现桦树皮可以作纸用。空姐们为乘客服务时总是满脸笑容。请把你的书收拾一下以便我端上饭菜。【语法点拨】动词不定式可以放在表示次序的词thefirst,thelast等后面以及theonly,thevery,theright等词后面作定语,且与这些词有逻辑上的主谓关系。结构为：thefirst/last/only/very/right/best/youngest...+n./pron.+todosth，表示“第一个/最后一个/唯一的/恰好的/合适的/最好的/最年轻的……做某事的人/物”。如：最后一个离开正在下沉的船的那个人是船长。新西兰成为现代史上第一个允许妇女有选举权的国家。3.TheOlympicspirit--thespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasizestakingpartratherthanwinning--hasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts.【句式翻译】【句式分析】【词语点拨】ratherthan与其；不愿；而不是。用于连接两个并列成分，连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与ratherthan前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致是汤姆而不是他的朋友们被选中。与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。\n我决定发邮件而不是打电话。【语法点拨】有些名词后常跟不定式作定语，如：time,way,right,reason,effort,chance,movement,ability,desire,tendency等。如：谢谢你给我发言的机会。格林先生能做到扬人之长。4.TheyareamongthegrowingnumberofAmericanswho,drivenbyhigherlivingcostsandafallingeconomy(经济),havetakenupvegetablegardeningforthefirsttime.【解析】【翻译】5.WhenyoujointheteaminourRevenueAdministrationUnit,youwillbeprovidingassistancewithinallpartsoftheRevenueDivision,dealingwithpostandothergeneralduties.【解析】【翻译】Exercise2：阅读练习Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessselfconscious(难为情)whenthey’reinpoorlylitplaces—andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn’thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayellow\norredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.Don’tforgettheclock—ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime,andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyou’reatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12inchplateinsteadofa10inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,totalintake(摄入)jumpsby14percent.Andwe’llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort,wideglassthanatall,skinnyglass.1.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout____________.A.theirhomecomfortsB.theirbodyshapeC.housebuyingD.healthydiets2.Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople______________.A.digestfoodbetterB.reducefoodintakeC.burnmorecaloriesD.regaintheirappetites3.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?A.Eatquickly.B.Playfastmusic.C.Usesmallerspoons.D.Turndownthelights.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?B.WaysofServingDinnerC.EffectsofSelfConsciousnessD.IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?参考答案1.【句式翻译】法院批准把生命供养机关掉，虽然此项裁决使得Terri的父母感到吃惊，而且使其他人声称生命是神圣的，没有人有权力将其终止，但是许多人都会说这对Terri来说是一件正确的事情。\n【句式分析】本句是复合句,while引导让步状语从句，that引导宾语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词life，feelingnumb和claiming宾补，it在句中代替todofor…作形式主语。Theplanhadtheapprovaloftheschoolauthorities.Weexpectedourplantomeetwithapproval.Herfatherwillneverapproveofhermarryingsuchalazyfellow.Repeatedfailurehadleftthemfeelingverydiscouraged.Hisreplyleftusallratherconfused.Itisapitythatheshouldrefusemyinvitation.IsitdifficulttounderstandtheEnglishprogram.2.【句式翻译】埃德蒙兹是第一个非洲裔美国人作为全职演讲撰稿人为美国总统工作。他也是第一位非洲裔美国人作为演讲撰稿人总监为白宫工作。【句式分析】本句包含有两个由分号分隔开的分句,不定式短语towork…和toserve…都作定语，修饰thefirstAfricanAmerican。Wefoundthatbirchbarkcouldserveaspaper.Airhostessesallsmilewhentheyservethepassengers.PleaseclearyourbooksawaysothatIcanservedinner.Thelastmantoleavethesinkingshipwasthecaptain.NewZealandwasthefirstnationinmoderntimestoallowwomentovote.3.【句式翻译】奥林匹克精神—强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神—已经被为成功而不惜一切代价的愿望所亵渎。【句式分析】本句是复合句,which引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词spirit，tosucceed修饰desire，作定语。Tomratherthanhisfriendshasbeenchosen.Thesweatersheboughtwasbeautifulratherthancheap.Idecidedtosendane-mailratherthantelephone.Thankyouforgivingmeachancetomakeaspeech.Mr.Greenhastheabilitytobringoutthebestinothers.4.【解析】句子主干是TheyareamongthegrowingnumberofAmericans。“drivenbyhigher…”是过去分词短语作定语，修饰Americans；“who,…havetakenupvegetablegardeningforthefirsttime”是定语从句，修饰Americans。\n【翻译】越来越多的美国人迫于生活成本的上升和经济的衰退，首次开始经营蔬菜园子，他们就在其中。6.【解析】when引导的是时间状语从句；“dealingwith…”是现在分词短语作伴随状语。【翻译】当你加入我们财务管理单位的这团队，你将协助财务部各部门的工作，处理邮件和其他日常事务。【解析】想要减肥，除了少吃外，还和房间有关系。建议有4条：1.房间要明亮；2.用冷色系会减少食欲；3.放一些舒缓的音乐就餐；4.用小的碗碟。1.B推理判断题。根据全文第一段Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.可知，这篇文章更可能是对那些在乎自己的体型的人有帮助。故选B。2.B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话inonestudy,…可知在蓝色的房间内人吃的相对较少。故选B。3.C推理判断题。最后一段介绍，要想少吃，要用小碗小勺，前面介绍说到，吃得快，房间暗会增加饮食，放舒缓的音乐有助于减少饮食的速度和进食量。故选C。4.A主旨大意题。根据开头的后文Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.可知，本文就房间的布置给那些想减肥的人士提了一些建议。所以选A可以更好地概括全文。
