九 必修3 Unit3 BacktothepastⅠ.阅读理解A Itisgoodtogetintouchwithyourinnerchildfromtimetotime,andobviouslysomepeoplearewillingtopaybigmoneyforthechancetodosoinaproperenvironment.ABrooklyn-basedadultpreschoolischargingcustomersbetween$333and$999forthechancetoactlikeakidagain.AtPreschoolMastermindinNewYorkadultsgettoparticipateinshow-and-tell,arts-and-craftssuchasfingerpaint,gameslikemusicalchairsandeventakenaps.Themonth-longcoursealsohasclasspicturedaywheretheadultsareexpectedtohaveafieldtripandaparentday.30-year-oldMichelleJoniLapidos,thebrainbehindtheadultpreschool,studiedchildhoodeducationandhasalwayswantedtobeapreschoolteacher.She’salwaysonthelookoutfornewwaystogetpeopleintouchwiththefreedomofchildhood.Afriendencouragedhertostartthemastermindcourseinstead.AccordingtoCandice,herbloggerfriend,PreschoolMastermindgivesadultsachancetorelearnandmasterthethingsthattheyfailedtounderstandaschildren.“Irealizedallthesignificancesofwhatwelearninpreschool,”saidfounderMichelleJoni,“Peoplecomehereandgetintouchwiththeirinnerchild.It’smagical.Wearebringingourselvesbacktoanotherplace,anothertimewithourselveswhenwearemorebelievinginourselves,moreconfidentandreadytotakeontheworld.”“Oneperson’sherebecausetheywanttolearnnottobesoserious.”Michellesaid.“Another’sheretolearntobemoreconfident.”Sheexplainedthatmostoftheclasseswereplanned.However,Joniaddedthatwhiletheplannedactivitieswerefun,itwasoftenthespontaneous(自发的)momentsthatattractedstudents.“It’sthethingsyoudon’tplanfor,thesharingbetweenfriendsandlearningfromeachother.”\n【文章大意】文章主要讲述了成年人参加相关活动,以此体验重回童年的事情。1.WhatisthepurposeofPreschoolMastermind?A.Togiveadultsachancetoreturntochildhood.B.Tohelpparentsunderstandtheirchildrenbetter.C.Toprovidepracticaltrainingcoursesforteachers.D.Tointroducesomewaysofplayingwithchildren.【解析】选A。细节理解题。文章主要讲述了成年人参加相关活动,以此体验重回童年的事情,及由第四段的“PreschoolMastermindgivesadultsachancetorelearnandmasterthethingsthattheyfailedtounderstandaschildren”可推测出选项A正确。2.WhatismainlydiscussedaboutPreschoolMastermindinParagraph2?A.Itscustomers. B.Itsactivities.C.Itsenvironment.D.Itsschedule.【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第二段提到“games”“classpictureday”“afieldtripandaparentday”等词,可以推测出这一段主要讲述了PreschoolMastermind的活动。3.AccordingtoCandice,peoplecometothisprogramto______. A.enjoyfreedomofthinkingB.realizetheirchildhooddreamsC.discovertheirinnerabilitiesD.figureoutchildhoodpuzzles【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第四段的“PreschoolMastermindgivesadultsachancetorelearnandmasterthethingsthattheyfailedtounderstandaschildren”可知,这是为了解决童年时期的困惑。故选D。4.WhatdoweknowaboutMichelleJoni?A.Sheusedtobeapreschoolteacher.B.Shelikestomakeplansinadvance.C.ShefoundedPreschoolMastermind.D.Shegainedconfidencebysharing.【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第四段“saidfounderMichelleJoni”可推出选项C正确。由第三段“MichelleJoniLapidos...hasalwayswantedtobeapreschoolteacher”可推断选项A错误;选项B、D并未提及。\n【知识拓展】长难句分析Itisgoodtogetintouchwithyourinnerchildfromtimetotime,andobviouslysomepeoplearewillingtopaybigmoneyforthechancetodosoinaproperenvironment.分析:本句是and引导的并列句。前一个并列句是it为形式主语,真正主语是动词不定式togetintouchwithyourinnerchild。第二个并列句中含有动词不定式todoso作thechance的后置定语。翻译:不时地与你内心的孩子接触是很好的,很明显,有些人愿意在一个合适的环境中为这样的机会付出大价钱。B Foritsoutsizereputation,SiliconValleyisanarrowthing.America’sinnovation(创新)capitalmainlyconsistsofmanysmalltownsandcitiesontheSanFranciscoPeninsula(半岛)squeezedbetweenthecoastalmountainrangetothewestandthebaytotheeast.ItistraditionallymadeupofthetopofSantaClaraCountyaswellastheverybottomofSanMateoCounty.Notlongago,thisplacewasknownastheValleyofHeart’sDelight,famousforitsplentifulfruityards.Thecircumstancesthatturnedthecountrysideintoatechnologicalcenterhavebeenstudiedcarefully,andmanyhaveattemptedtoreplicatethemagicinSiliconValley.Butforthepasttwodecades,photographerBethYarnelleEdwardshasbeendocumentingtheoneaspectoftenunnoticedbytheseobservers:SiliconValley’sfundamentallysuburban(郊区的)character.Edwards’SuburbanDreamsprojectwasbornin1997.“Ifeltlonelyandtrapped,butIrealizedthatthepeoplearoundmereallylovedbeingthere,”sherecalled.ShebeganbyphotographingfriendsandacquaintancesnearherhomeinSanCarlos.Theprojectgrewassheinterviewedhersubjectstounderstandhowtheirenvironmentshapedtheirhopesanddreams.“It’sreallyimportanttomethatthepicturesaretruetowhatishappeninginthehome,”shesays.In2016,Edwardsbeganrevisitinghersubjectstoseetheeffectsofthegrowthandthewealth.Butshewassurprisedbyhowlittlehadchangedinthelivesofthosestillthere.ManySiliconValleynativesdonotrecognizemuchofwhattheyseetherenowadays.\nIt’struethatmodestbungalows(平房)havebeenreplacedbyverylargehouses.Almosteverythingismorecrowdedandmoreexpensive.Butalotwillneverchange.Themainroads—Highway101,ElCaminoReal—arethesame.Soarethefreestandingoaktreesandgentlehillssurroundedbygoldengrass.Andattheheartofthemall,asEdwards’photosillustrate,thesuburbandreamisstillalive.【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。硅谷是由美国旧金山附近的郊区乡镇发展而成的,虽然经济富裕,高楼大厦取代了平房,但是从爱德华兹所拍摄的硅谷人民生活变化的照片可以看出,经济的发展对许多人的生活并没有产生很大的影响。人们仍旧保留着“郊区之梦”。5.WhereisSiliconValley?A.InthecenterofSanFrancisco.B.OntheSanFranciscoPeninsula.C.OntopofSantaClaraCounty.D.AtthebottomofSanMateoCounty.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“America’sinnovationcapitalmainlyconsistsofmanysmalltownsandcitiesontheSanFranciscoPeninsulasqueezedbetweenthecoastalmountainrangetothewestandthebaytotheeast.”可知,硅谷位于美国旧金山半岛处,夹在位于西方的沿海山脉和位于东方的海湾之间,故B项正确。6.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedword“replicate”inParagraph2?A.Copy.B.Replace.C.Study.D.Report.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句“Thecircumstancesthatturnedthecountrysideintoatechnologicalcenterhavebeenstudiedcarefully,andmanyhaveattemptedtoreplicatethemagicinSiliconValley.”可知,将农村变成科技中心的环境已经被仔细研究过;由该句中的“havebeenstudiedcarefully”并结合语境可知,画线词意为“复制”,即复制硅谷的魔力,故A项正确。7.Whatdidtheprojectfocusonlater?A.People’shopesanddreams.B.Thewishoftheacquaintances.C.Thetruelifeofthelocalpeople.\nD.SiliconValley’sinfluencesonthelocals.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“In2016,Edwardsbeganrevisitinghersubjectstoseetheeffectsofthegrowthandthewealth.Butshewassurprisedbyhowlittlehadchangedinthelivesofthosestillthere.”可知,在2016年,爱德华兹开始再次拜访她的研究对象,看看经济增长和财富带来的影响;但令她惊讶的是,那些仍在那里的人的生活变化甚微。据此可知,该项目后来关注的是硅谷对当地人生活的影响,故D项正确。8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.CrazyChanges,CrazyFollowersB.WildDream,SuccessfulProjectC.LivelyCity,MajorInnovationD.UnchangingLife,UnchangingDream【解析】选D。标题归纳题。根据最后一段第四句“Butalotwillneverchange.”和最后一句“Andattheheartofthemall,asEdwards’photosillustrate,thesuburbandreamisstillalive.”,并结合全文内容可知,本文主要讲述了“虽然硅谷在经济上取得了巨大的成功,但是人们的生活并没有由此发生太大的变化,人们的郊区之梦也没有改变”这一主题,故D项最适合作本文的标题。【知识拓展】长难句分析It’sreallyimportanttomethatthepicturesaretruetowhatishappeninginthehome.分析:本句是it为形式主语,that引导的从句为主语从句,主语从句中含有to的宾语从句,连词what在从句中充当主语。翻译:这对我来说真的很重要,这些照片是真实的发生在家里的。Ⅱ.阅读填句(2021·淄博模拟) Beforeyouthrowthatoldcellphoneinthetrash,orhideitawayinadrawer,thinkagain.Thereareactuallymanywaystodispose(处理)ofamobilephonethatyouarenolongerusing.First,youshouldbeawarethatinmanyplaces,throwingawaycellphonesisactuallyillegalbecausethebatteries—especiallyinveryold\nphones—cancontainpoisonousmetals.__1__ Youcertainlydon’tneedtopaytorecycleanoldcellphone.__2__Thishadledtomanycharitiesmakingasmallamountofmoneybycollectingoldphones.Therearelargeorganizationsthatwilltakeunwantedphones.However,youmightalsowanttothinklocally. __3__Andtheydomakealittlebitoneachdonation.Ifyoucan’tfindalargecellphonerecyclingprograminyourarea,youmightconsiderstartingasmalllocalone,perhapsforalocalpublicschool.__4__Aspeoplemovetobiggerandbetterphones,orsmallerandbetterphones,thereareplentyofoldcellphonesjustwaitingforaplacetoland,andsmartschoolshaveprovidedthatplace. Youmightalsowanttohangontoanyaccessories(配件)thatyouhave.__5__Continuingtouseaccessoriesingoodshapemakessmarteconomicsense. A.Infact,mostcompaniesthatrecyclethemgetpaidtodoso.B.Therearebetterplacestogetridofthemthanyourtrashcan.C.Manyschoolsandlocalcharitiesnowhaverecyclingprograms.D.Localcharitieshavecontributedalotinrepairingunwantedphones.E.Thingslikechargersorcoverscanoftenbeusedwithyournewphone.F.Thesayingthatoneman’strashisanotherman’streasurecertainlyapplies.G.Checkfirst,sincesomanyschoolshavegottenthejumponrecyclingthemalready.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。讲述了对废旧手机的循环利用,例如废旧手机应该安置在哪里、旧手机的配件可以继续使用。1.【解析】选B。前文提到把废旧手机丢进垃圾堆或抽屉都是不对的,下面几段都在说应该把废旧手机放到哪里,B项“比起你的垃圾箱有更好的地方处理它们”切题,故选B。2.【解析】选A。根据前一句提到的pay和后一句提到的许多慈善机构通过收集旧手机赚一些钱可知,A项“事实上,一些循环利用它们的公司会因此得到报酬”切题,故选A。3.【解析】选C。and表示并列关系,所以“Andtheydomakealittlebitoneachdonation”中的主语they在and前面的句子有提及。根据“对每次捐献都有一些作用”可知,they指的是后文中的recyclingprogram,所以C项中有recyclingprogram,切题,故选C。4.【解析】选G。前文提到了你可能考虑创建一个小的当地的机构,\n可能是一所当地的公共学校,可知空格处是要谈论当地学校的,且后文中提到,随着人们更愿意使用更大更好或是更小更好的手机,有大量旧手机等着有地方安置,而聪明的学校已经提供了这个地方,表明一些学校已经在循环利用手机方面获得优势和先机,G项“先检查一下,因为一些学校在循环利用手机方面已经占有优势”切题,故选G。5.【解析】选E。前文提到“hangontoanyaccessoriesthatyouhave”坚持想用你的一些配件,后文提到继续用完好的配件更有经济意义,所以着重点讲原有手机配件的使用,E项“像电池、手机壳之类的东西往往会用在你的新手机上”切题,故选E。Ⅲ.语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2021·济南模拟)They’reneithermedicalworkersinclosecontactwiththenovelcoronavirusnorgovernmentofficialswhoreceivethe1.________(late)updatesofthesituation—yetthey’rekeepingus2.________(inform)ofthedevelopmentoftheepidemic.Theyarethemedia,andtheireyesarefar-seeing. ZhuXingxinisonesuchmember:a3.________(photograph)withChinaDaily.Havingputtingonprotectivegear(装备)likethedoctors,hevisitedTongjiHospitalinWuhanonFeb.3toreportonthelivesofmedicalworkers. Theeyesofthemediaarenotjustheretosee,but4.________(examine).OnFeb.9,forexample,abusinWuhancarryingseverelyillpatients5.________(catch)intrafficwithnooneguidingthemandnohospitalsclaimingthem.TheincidentwaswitnessedbyGlobalTimesjournalistsandwassoonreportedonline.Itendedwithallthepatients6.________(settle)properlyinhospitalsandofficialsinchargebeingheldresponsible.Butit’spossible7.________withoutjournaliststhisincidentwouldneverhavebeenexposed. “Idohopethatbywritingabout8.________(they)stories,I’mhelpingthingschangefor9.________better.”saidLiXueqing,aChinaDailyjournalist.Indeed,themediaislikeapairofeyeswatchingout10.________usastheyreportontheworld’smostimportantnews. 【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了媒体工作者在抗击“新型冠状病毒”引发的肺炎疫情中的作用。\n1.【解析】latest。考查形容词最高级。分析可知,the______(late)updatesofthesituation应是“the+形容词最高级+名词”短语结构。故填latest。 2.【解析】informed。考查非谓语动词。keepsb.+doing/done,非谓语结构作宾语补足语。本题中的动词inform与宾语之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填informed。3.【解析】photographer。考查名词。分析句子结构可知,a______(photograph)应是“冠词+可数名词单数”结构,此处指“一名摄影师”。故填photographer。 4.【解析】toexamine。考查动词不定式。分析可知,本句应是“notjust...but...”结构,意为“不仅仅是……而是……”,应是并列结构,因此所填空应与之前的“tosee”为并列结构。故填toexamine。5.【解析】wascaught。考查动词的时态和语态。分析可知,所填空应是句子谓语,且与主语“abus”之间为被动关系,结合时间“OnFeb9”可知应用一般过去时的被动语态:wasdone。故填wascaught。6.【解析】beingsettled。考查非谓语动词。根据并列连词and可知,“allthepatients______(settle)”应与“officialsinchargebeingheldresponsible”为并列结构,所填动词应是beingdone结构。故填beingsettled。 7.【解析】that。考查主语从句。分析可知,“______withoutjournaliststhisincidentwouldneverhavebeenexposed”应是主语从句,it为形式主语。结合句意可知,从句结构完整,应是陈述事实,应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。 8.【解析】their。考查形容词性物主代词。分析可知,空后为名词stories,所填空应是形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。9.【解析】the。考查冠词。结合句子“I’mhelpingthingschangefor______better”含义可知,记者希望通过报道使事情向更好的方向发展,通常有表示原因、理由或条件的短语或从句存在时,在比较级前可用the表示程度,“bywritingabout______(they)stories”为表述其条件的短语,符合分析。故填the。 10.【解析】for。考查介词。分析可知,空后为人称代词宾格形式,所填空应是介词,根据句意可知,此处应用介词for“为了”。故填for。Ⅰ.阅读理解 Theheadmasterofhisschoolaskedstudentstoputonebookatthebedside:anatlas(地图册).LookingatthemapofChinaintheatlasonenight,WilliamLindesay\ncameacrossthewindinglinethatcrossesthroughthemountainouslandofNorthChina. “Ifellinlovewithitimmediately,”hesaidinaninterview.“IthoughtitwouldbeagreatjourneyifonedayIcouldtravelalongit,fromendtoend.”Mostpeopleforgettheirchildhooddreams.“ButIamoneofthoserareexceptions,”hesaid.In1987,WilliamLindesaybeganthechallengeofclimbingtheGreatWallonfootandhasspentoverthreedecadesonit.Runningthelengthofthewallwasabravecareer.LindesayonceexploreddeepintotheGobiDesert,andlocatedapreviouslyunknownsectionofthewall.Duetohiscontribution,Lindesayisthewinnerofthe1998FriendshipAwardand2008BeijingGreatWallFriendshipAward.HealsoreceivedtheOrderoftheBritishEmpireforhiscontributiontoculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandBritain.Duringhisexploration,Lindesaywasabsorbedintheamazingsight.Also,hefoundsomethingworrying—theGreatWallhadbeenincreasinglydamagedduetonaturalweatheringandman-madedestruction.HedecidedtostayinChina,takingthestudyandprotectionoftheGreatWallashislifelongaim. “Somepeoplesayit’lltakegenerationstochange:Isaywedon’thavegenerationsoftime.It’sgottobemuchquicker,”hesaid.Lindesayalwayscarriesagarbagebagwithhiminthewilderness.TheclothbagbearssimpleguidelinesinChinese,whichcallsonpeopletoprotecttheenvironmentwhiletravelingorcampingoutdoors.“Everypersoncanmakeadifference.IfwecangetabillionChinesepeopletobeenvironmentalists,Chinawillbeagreener,morebeautifulandhealthycountrytolivein.”hesaid.【文章大意】来自英国的WilliamLindesay幼时萌发对中国长城的热爱。1987年,他开始自己的长城探索之旅。在长城上行走时,Lindesay发现长城遭受到日益严重的自然风化及人为破坏,便决心留在中国,为保护长城作贡献。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A.Hisatlas. B.TheGreatWall.C.NorthChina.D.Themountainousland.【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“LookingatthemapofChinaintheatlas\nonenight,WilliamLindesaycameacrossthewindinglinethatcrossesthroughthemountainouslandofNorthChina”可知,it指代thewindingline,再结合下文内容可判断,thewindingline指代长城。2.WhatmadeLindesaydevotehimselftotheGreatWall?A.Hischildhooddream.B.Hisloveforitssplendidscenery.C.Concernaboutitspresentsituation.D.CulturalexchangesbetweenChinaandBritain.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“hefoundsomethingworrying—theGreatWallhadbeen...takingthestudyandprotectionoftheGreatWallashislifelongaim.”可知,在探索长城的过程中,Lindesay发现了一个令人忧虑的现象——长城遭受到日益严重的自然风化及人为破坏,于是他决定留在中国,以研究和保护长城为自己毕生的目标,即出于对长城现状的担心,他决心留在中国保护长城。3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeLindesay?A.Determinedandadventurous.B.Considerateandinfluential.C.Conservativeandresponsible.D.Courageousandsociable.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,他是一个探险家,具有冒险精神;再根据他长期以来一直致力于保护长城可知,他做事坚定,故选A。4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.TheGreatWallintheeyesofaforeigner.B.EnvironmentalprotectionoftheGreatWall.C.TheGreatWallawardforanEnglishman.D.ABriton’slastingbondwiththeGreatWall.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。综合全文可知,文章主要讲述了英国人WilliamLindesay从小与长城结下不解之缘,长大后以研究和保护长城为目标的故事。故D项最能概括文章大意。【知识拓展】长难句分析LookingatthemapofChinaintheatlasonenight,WilliamLindesaycameacross\nthewindinglinethatcrossesthroughthemountainouslandofNorthChina.(第一段第二句)分析:本句是主从复合句。Lookingat...是现在分词短语作伴随状语,主句中thatcrossesthroughthemountainouslandofNorthChina是that引导的thewindingline的定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语。翻译:一天晚上,威廉·林赛(WilliamLindesay)看着地图册上的中国地图,无意中发现一条蜿蜒曲折的线穿过了华北山区。Ⅱ.完形填空 Hundredsofyearsago,asmallbusinessownerowedalargesumofmoneytoaloan-shark(放高利贷者).Theloan-sharkwasaveryold,uglyguythatjustso__1__tofancythebusinessowner’sdaughter.Hedecidedtoofferthebusinessmana__2__thatwouldcompletelywipeoutthe__3__heowedhim.However,thecatchwasthattheywouldonly__4__outthedebtifhecouldmarrythebusinessman’sdaughter. Theloan-sharksaidthathewould__5__twopebbles(鹅卵石)intoabag,onewhite__6__oneblack.Thedaughterwouldthenhaveto__7__intothebagandpick__8__apebble.Ifitwasblack,thedebtwouldbewiped,buttheloan-sharkwouldthen__9__her.Ifitwaswhite,thedebtwouldalsobewiped,butthe__10__wouldn’thavetomarrytheloan-shark. __11__onapebble-strewnpathinthebusinessman’sgarden,theloan-sharkbentoverand__12__uptwopebbles.Whilehewaspickingthemup,thedaughter__13__thathe’dpickeduptwoblackpebblesandplacedthem__14__intothebag.Hethenaskedthedaughtertoreachintothebagandpickone. Shedrewoutapebblefromthebag,and__15__lookingatit‘accidentally’droppeditintothemidstoftheother__16__.Shesaidtotheloan-shark;“Oh,howclumsyofme.Nevermind,ifyoulookintothe__17__fortheonethatisleft,youwillbeableto__18__whichpebbleIpicked.” Thepebble__19__inthebagisobviouslyblack,andseeingastheloan-sharkdidn’twanttobeexposed,hehadtoplayalong(装作)asifthepebblethedaughter__20__waswhite,andclearherfather’sdebt. \n【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了一个商人的女儿怎样智斗放高利贷者的故事。1.A.kept B.mixedC.happenedD.brought【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。根据上下文语境,可知此空选happened,即这个又老又丑的放高利贷者恰巧喜欢商人的女儿,happento...意为“碰巧,恰好……”。故选C。2.A.deal B.bargain C.case D.report【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。根据上下文语境可知放高利贷者想和商人做交易。deal此处意为“交易”。故选A。3.A.awardB.ageC.debtD.name【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。根据第一句中的“owedalargesumofmoney”以及后文中的“debt”可知,此处是可以消除商人的债务。故选C。4.A.turnB.wipeC.selectD.pick【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。根据语境可知,如果他能娶那个商人的女儿就可以消除商人的债务,wipeout意为“消除”,故选B。5.A.discoverB.argueC.decideD.place【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。根据语境可知,放高利贷者将往袋子里放两块鹅卵石,place意为“放置”。故选D。6.A.andB.orC.thusD.but【解析】选A。考查连词辨析。此处为并列关系。故选A。7.A.immigrateB.reachC.changeD.get【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。根据上下文语境可知,商人的女儿要把手伸进袋子里,拿出一块鹅卵石。reachinto意为“把手伸进”,故选B。8.A.upB.offC.onD.out【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。根据上下文语境可知,商人的女儿要把手伸进袋子里,拿出一块鹅卵石。pickout意为“拿出”。故选D。9.A.marryB.hitC.punishD.tease【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。根据上文可知此处是说如果拿出的是黑色鹅卵石,债务能消除,但放高利贷者就会娶商人的女儿。marry意为“嫁或娶”,故选A。10.A.businessmanB.adult\nC.daughterD.teenager【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。根据语境可知,如果拿出的是白色鹅卵石,债务也能消除,不过商人的女儿不用嫁给放高利贷者。故选C。11.A.StandingB.HoldingC.CountingD.Focusing【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。根据语境可知,放高利贷者站在铺着鹅卵石的小路上。故选A。12.A.threwB.putC.pickedD.set【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。根据下一句提到的“hewaspickingthemup”可知,放高利贷者捡起两块鹅卵石。故选C。13.A.thoughtB.climbedC.heardD.noticed【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。根据语境可知,商人的女儿注意到放高利贷者捡起两块黑色的鹅卵石。故选D。14.A.allB.bothC.eitherD.none【解析】选B。考查代词辨析。根据上下文语境可知,放高利贷者把两块黑色的鹅卵石都放进了袋子。故选B。15.A.beforeB.afterC.besidesD.from【解析】选A。考查介词辨析。在看它之前,商人的女儿“不小心”把它掉进了其他鹅卵石中间。故选A。16.A.matchesB.gardensC.pebblesD.flowers【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。商人的女儿“不小心”把它掉进了其他鹅卵石中间。故选C。17.A.suitcaseB.desertC.roadD.bag【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。根据语境可知,商人的女儿对放高利贷者说:“如果你看看袋子里剩下的那块,就能知道我拣的是哪块石头了。”故选D。18.A.tellB.thinkC.foundD.achieve\n【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。根据上下文语境可知,如果你看看袋子里剩下的那块,你就能知道我选的是哪块。此处tell意为:“辨别”。故选A。19.A.bentB.seenC.leftD.torn【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。根据上下文语境可知,此处指留在袋子里的那块鹅卵石。left意为“剩下的”。故选C。20.A.enjoyedB.deservedC.savedD.dropped【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。根据上文“droppeditintothe...”可知,放高利贷者不得不假装商人的女儿掉下的那块石头是白色的,清除了她父亲的债务。故选D。Ⅲ.短文改错(2021·昆明模拟)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。Tensofmillionofpeoplecarrytheirsmartphoneswiththemeverywheretheygo,includedthebathroom.Ourphonesarealwayswithintheirgrasp,whichmeanstheyarealsoconstantlybeingexposedtohoweverbacteriawemayhaveaccumulatedonourhands.Unfortunately,anewsurveyof1,200Americansandtheircleaninghabitsfindthat25percentofthemhavenevercleanedtheirphones.Researchersestimatethataregularlyusesmartphonethathasneverbeencleanedmayholdupmorebacteriathananentirehouseholdbathroom.AccordingtosurveyconductedbythecompanyVitalVio,thatiscommonforsmartphoneuserstocomeintocontactwithvariousformsofbacteria.Suddenly,eatingasandwichinyourbathroomdoesn’tsoundsobadly.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。介绍了调查发现我们手中的智能手机携带大量的细菌。1.【解析】第一句million→millions。考查固定短语。句意:数以千万的人无论去哪里都带着他们的智能手机,包括在卫生间。表示“数以千万的”短语为tensofmillions\nof。故million改为millions。2.【解析】第一句included→including。考查介词。句意同上。后文名词作宾语,表示“包括”应用介词including,included为过去分词转化而来的形容词,“包括……在内的”,常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后,起补充说明作用。故included改为including。3.【解析】第二句their→our。考查代词。句意:我们的手机总是在我们的手中,这意味着它们也不断地暴露在我们手上可能积累的任何细菌之中。根据上文Ourphones可知此处应用代词our,指“在我们的手中”。故their改为our。4.【解析】第二句however→whatever。考查宾语从句。句意同上。此处为宾语从句,从句中缺少定语修饰bacteria,表示“无论什么,任何事物”应用whatever。故however改为whatever。5.【解析】第三句find→finds。考查主谓一致。此处主语为anewsurvey,陈述客观事实时态为一般现在时,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故find改为finds。6.【解析】第四句use→used。考查非谓语动词。句意:研究人员估计,一部经常使用但从未清洗过的智能手机可能比整个家庭浴室所携带的细菌要多。分析句子结构可知use在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语smartphone之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,应用过去分词作定语。故use改为used。7.【解析】第四句去掉up。考查hold与holdup的区别。句意同上。此处表示“携带”应用动词hold,holdup表示“举起”不符合语境。故去掉up。8.【解析】第五句survey前加the。考查定冠词。survey此处为特指VitalVio进行的调查,前面应用定冠词the。故survey前加the。9.【解析】第五句that→it。考查形式主语。句意:根据VitalVio公司的调查,智能手机用户接触到各种形式的细菌是很常见的。此处为句型“itbecommonforsb.todosth.”,it作形式主语,不定式为真正主语。故that改为it。10.【解析】第六句badly→bad。考查形容词。sound为系动词,后跟形容词bad作表语。故badly改为bad。Ⅳ.书面表达(2021·淄博模拟) 假定你是李华,你的英国朋友James对中国敦煌艺术展很感兴趣,来信向你咨询。请你给他提供一些建议,内容包括: 1.参观前的准备;\n 2.邀请他来体验。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.信的开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。DearJames,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua【参考范文】DearJames,YouhaveaskedmeformyadvicewithregardtoDunhuangArtExhibitionandIwilltrytomakesomeconducivesuggestionshere.You’dbettersurftheInternettogainageneralknowledgeofthehistoryandcultureofDunhuanginadvance.Youwillfeelshockedifyoucouldseethisamazingart.I’dliketoaccompanyyoutovisitDunhuangandIamwillingtosharefurtherdetailsaboutthisissue.I’mlookingforwardtoyourcomingandcan’twaittoseeyou.Ihopemysuggestionswillbeofhelptoyou.Yourssincerely,LiHua
